Kimia Industri - Proses Pembuatan Pupuk Urea - Diagram Alir Proses

Summary

This video explains the urea production process, starting with the pumping of liquid ammonia into a vertical stainless steel reactor under high pressure. Carbon dioxide is also pumped into the urea synthesis tower, where it reacts with ammonia to form ammonium carbamate, which then decomposes into urea and water. The process includes several stages such as distillation to separate byproducts, a flash drum to further decompose ammonium carbamate, and vacuum evaporation to concentrate the urea. Finally, urea is granulated in a prilling tower and packaged for storage.

Takeaways

• 😀 The urea production process begins with pumping liquid ammonia, which is transferred through multi-stage pumps to maintain the pressure required for the reaction in a vertical stainless steel reactor.
• 😀 Carbon dioxide is obtained using a compressor and is pumped into the urea synthesis tower, where it reacts with ammonia to produce ammonium carbamate.
• 😀 The urea synthesis tower operates under high pressure (180 ATM) and at a temperature of around 185°C, where ammonia and carbon dioxide undergo a chemical reaction to form ammonium carbamate.
• 😀 Ammonium carbamate then decomposes into urea and water within the synthesis tower.
• 😀 The mixture from the synthesis tower, containing urea, ammonia, unreacted carbon dioxide, and water, is directed to the distillation tower for separation.
• 😀 In the distillation tower, ammonia, carbon dioxide, water, and some ammonium carbamate are separated and recycled back into the urea synthesis tower.
• 😀 The remaining ammonium carbamate and urea are sent to the Flash Drum, where ammonium carbamate decomposes into ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas, which is recycled back to the urea synthesis tower.
• 😀 Urea is separated and sent to a vacuum evaporator, where the urea solution is concentrated to 99.7% and forms a slurry-like consistency.
• 😀 The urea slurry is then transferred to a molten tank, where it is further processed.
• 😀 The molten urea slurry is pumped into a prilling tower, where the liquid urea is sprayed and solidified into granules as it moves down the tower, losing moisture with the help of hot air.
• 😀 The final urea granules are conveyed to the packing and storage areas for distribution.

Q & A

What is the first step in the urea production process?

The first step is the pumping of liquid ammonia from a multi-stage pump to maintain the reaction pressure in a vertical stainless steel reactor.

How is carbon dioxide supplied to the urea synthesis tower?

Carbon dioxide is obtained by using a compressor and is pumped into the urea synthesis tower with a concentration of 1 mol.

What is the function of the urea synthesis tower?

The urea synthesis tower, also known as the autoclf, facilitates the reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide to produce ammonium carbamate, which then breaks down into urea and water.

At what temperature and pressure does the urea synthesis tower operate?

The urea synthesis tower operates at a pressure of 180 ATM and a temperature of approximately 185°C.

What is the role of ammonium carbamate in the urea production process?

Ammonium carbamate reacts with carbon dioxide and ammonia, forming urea and water, which are key components in the production of urea.

What happens to the by-products such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water during the process?

Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water, along with unreacted ammonium carbamate, are separated in the distillation tower and recycled back to the urea synthesis tower for further reaction.

What occurs in the flash drum during the urea production process?

In the flash drum, ammonium carbamate decomposes into ammonia and carbon dioxide gas. These gases are then recycled to the urea synthesis tower for further processing.

What is the purpose of the vacuum evaporator in the urea production process?

The vacuum evaporator is used to concentrate the urea solution to 99.7% by removing moisture, turning the solution into a thick slurry.

How is urea finally formed into solid pellets?

The urea slurry is pumped into a molten tank, from where it is sent to the prilling tower, where it is sprayed and dried to form solid urea pellets.

What happens in the prilling tower during the urea production process?

In the prilling tower, urea slurry is sprayed from the top into rotating drums, where hot air is used to dry the slurry and form solid urea granules.