👩🏫La CÉLULA PROCARIOTA - Sus partes, organelos celulares, características y funcionamiento🦠
Summary
TLDREste video educativo explora en detalle las células procariotas, los organismos unicelulares conocidos como bacterias y arqueas, fundamentales para todos los ecosistemas. Se abordan sus características distintivas, como la ausencia de núcleo y orgánulos membranosos, y su estructura simple comparada con las células eucariotas. Además, se describen sus componentes externos e internos, como la cápsula, los pilis y el flagelo, y se explica su importancia en la movilidad y la reproducción asexual. Finalmente, se presentan ejemplos específicos de procariotas y su impacto en la salud y el ambiente.
Takeaways
- 🌐 Las células procariotas son aquellas que forman los organismos unicelulares conocidos como bacterias y arqueas, siendo muy comunes y importantes en todos los ecosistemas.
- 🔬 Estas células son entre las más pequeñas de nuestro planeta, formando organismos unicelulares que requieren de un microscopio para ser vistas.
- 🧬 A diferencia de las células eucariotas, las procariotas no tienen núcleo pero su ADN se concentra en una región conocida como núcleo.
- 📏 Las células procariotas son significativamente más pequeñas que las células eucariotas, con un tamaño hasta 15 veces menor que la célula animal más pequeña.
- 🛡️ Estas células están delimitadas por una membrana y a menudo cubiertas por una pared que protege a las células de condiciones externas.
- 🧼 Carecen de compartimentos membranosos llamados orgánulos, lo que significa que su interior es como una sopa con diferentes tipos de moléculas suspendidas en el citosol.
- 🌱 Algunas células procariotas se asocian con otras para recibir beneficios, siendo llamadas simbiontes, mientras que otras viven libres o en colonias de organismos clonales.
- 🍀 La reproducción de las células procariotas es exclusivamente asexual, lo que significa que al dividirse, dan lugar a dos células idénticas.
- 🏗️ Las células procariotas tienen una variedad de partes que les sirven para propósitos específicos, incluyendo una capa externa con estructuras como la cápsula, fibras, pili sexual y flagelos.
- 🧬 El interior de estas células contiene el citosol, que está lleno en gran parte del genoma en forma de moléculas de ADN, así como fragmentos de ADN más pequeños conocidos como plásmidos.
- 📚 Los ribosomas son complejos importantes en las células bacterianas, responsables de traducir el mensaje contenido en el ADN para formar proteínas celulares.
- 🌟 Existen diferentes formas de células procariotas, incluyendo cocos (esferas), bacilos (varias formas de bastón) y coccobacilos (formas intermedias).
Q & A
¿Qué son las células procariotas?
-Las células procariotas son aquellas que forman los organismos unicelulares conocidos como bacterias y arqueas. Son muy comunes en la naturaleza y representan uno de los tipos de células que existen, siendo el otro tipo las células eucariotas.
¿Por qué se consideran a menudo las células procariotas como más simples en comparación con las eucariotas?
-Se consideran más simples debido a que no tienen un núcleo definido, su ADN está concentrado en una región conocida como núcleo primordial y carecen de compartimentos membranosos llamados organelos.
¿Qué tamaño tienen las células procariotas en comparación con las células eucariotas?
-Las células procariotas son mucho más pequeñas que las células eucariotas, considerándose que una célula procariota es hasta 15 veces más pequeña que la célula animal más pequeña.
¿Qué estructuras externas pueden distinguirse en las células procariotas?
-Las estructuras externas de las células procariotas incluyen la cápsula, las fibras, los pilos sexuales y las flagelas. Cada una de estas estructuras tiene funciones específicas como la protección, la movilidad y el intercambio de información genética.
¿Cómo se diferencian las células procariotas de las eucariotas en términos de su estructura interna?
-Mientras que las células eucariotas tienen un núcleo y organelos, las células procariotas carecen de estos y su interior se asemeja a una sopa con diferentes tipos de moléculas suspendidas en el citosol.
¿Cómo se reproducen las células procariotas?
-La reproducción en las células procariotas es exclusivamente asexual, lo que significa que cuando una célula procariota se divide, da lugar a dos células idénticas.
¿Qué son los plásmidos y qué función cumplen en las células procariotas?
-Los plásmidos son fragmentos de ADN más pequeños que el cromosoma, que se encuentran en el citosol de las células procariotas. Proporcionan información valiosa para el metabolismo o relacionados con la resistencia a ciertas condiciones adversas.
¿Qué son las ribosomas y qué función desempeñan en las células procariotas?
-Las ribosomas son complejos responsables de traducir el mensaje contenido en el ADN para formar proteínas celulares, esencial para que las células procariotas cumplan con sus funciones.
¿Cuáles son las dos formas especiales en las que se pueden encontrar las células procariotas?
-Las dos formas especiales en las que se pueden encontrar las células procariotas son coccos y bacilos. Los coccos son esferoidales y a menudo se encuentran en grupos, mientras que los bacilos tienen una forma de bastón y pueden encontrarse en cadenas o cuerdas.
¿Qué es la cápsula en las células procariotas y cuál es su función principal?
-La cápsula es una capa gelatinosa que recubre muchas células procariotas, compuesta de carbohidratos asociados con lipídos y proteínas. Su función principal es proteger la célula, aunque también puede participar en la movilidad.
¿Qué es la conjugación bacteriana y cómo se relaciona con los pilos sexuales?
-La conjugación bacteriana es un proceso mediante el cual algunas especies de bacterias transfieren o intercambian información genética con otras células a través de los pilos sexuales, que son estructuras que funcionan como tubos para este intercambio.
¿Cuáles son algunos ejemplos de bacterias procariotas comunes?
-Algunos ejemplos de bacterias procariotas comunes incluyen Escherichia coli, una bacteria residente en el intestino humano que puede ser patogénica y causar diarrea u otras afecciones gastrointestinales, y Salmonella enterica, una bacteria patogénica que causa enfermedades en humanos y otros animales.
Outlines
🌐 Introducción a las células procariotas
Este primer párrafo introduce las células procariotas como las que conforman los organismos unicelulares conocidos como bacterias y arqueas. Destaca su importancia en los ecosistemas y su tamaño, que es uno de los más pequeños del planeta. Se menciona que no tienen núcleo, lo que las distingue de las células eucariotas. Además, se describen sus características generales, como su estructura y funciones, y se menciona que su reproducción es exclusivamente asexual.
🧬 Estructura y componentes de las células procariotas
El segundo párrafo se enfoca en la estructura y los componentes de las células procariotas. Se describen elementos como la cápsula, las fibras, los pilos sexuales y las flagelas, que son importantes para la protección, el movimiento y la reproducción bacteriana. Se explica que, a diferencia de las células eucariotas, las procariotas no tienen compartimentos membranosos o orgáculos y que su ADN se concentra en una región conocida como el núcleo. Además, se mencionan las funciones de la membrana celular y la pared celular, así como la importancia del citosol y las ribosomas en la síntesis de proteínas.
🌱 Tipos y ejemplos de células procariotas
El tercer párrafo explora los diferentes tipos y formas de las células procariotas, como coccos y bacilos, y sus asociaciones en grupos o cadenas. Se presentan ejemplos de bacterias comunes, como Escherichia coli y Salmonella enterica, y se mencionan arqueas que viven en entornos extremos, como el Parque Nacional de Yellowstone. Se concluye el video invitando a los espectadores a dar like y suscribirse para seguir disfrutando de contenido educativo.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Prokaryotic cells
💡Núcleo
💡Células eucariotas
💡Membrana plasmática
💡Células simbiotas
💡Reproducción asexuada
💡Cápsula
💡Piel
💡Pili sexuales
💡Flagelo
💡Citosol
💡Ribosoma
Highlights
Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that form bacteria and archaea, which are abundant and important for all ecosystems.
Prokaryotic cells are among the smallest cells on Earth, requiring a microscope to be seen.
The main characteristic of prokaryotic cells is the absence of a true nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells, with an average size up to 15 times smaller than the smallest animal cell.
Prokaryotic cells lack membranous organelles, with their interior resembling a soup of different molecules.
Some prokaryotic cells are symbionts, associating with other cells to receive benefits.
Prokaryotic cells are capable of feeding, growing, reproducing, interacting with the environment, and communicating with other organisms.
Prokaryotic reproduction is exclusively asexual, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Prokaryotic cells have an external cover with structures like the capsule, fibers, pili, and flagella for protection and mobility.
The capsule is a gelatinous layer made of sugars, lipids, and proteins that protects the cell and can aid in movement.
Fibers are elongated appendages that enable mobility and surface adhesion in some prokaryotes.
Sexual pili are modified fibers that facilitate genetic exchange between cells through bacterial conjugation.
Flagella are tail-like filaments that help prokaryotes move, with cells having one to several hundred flagella.
The prokaryotic cell membrane is a double layer of lipids and proteins that functions as a selective filter for molecules.
Not all prokaryotes have a cell wall, but bacterial cell walls serve as a protective envelope.
The cytosol contains the genomic DNA in a coiled chromosome and smaller DNA fragments called plasmids.
Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are responsible for translating DNA messages into cellular proteins.
Prokaryotic cells can be classified into two main shapes: coccus (spherical) and bacillus (rod-shaped).
Some prokaryotes have intermediate forms between cocci and bacilli, known as coccobacilli.
Examples of common prokaryotes include E. coli, a resident bacterium in the human intestine, and Salmonella enterica, a pathogenic bacterium.
Archaea examples include organisms living in extreme environments like the Great Sphinx of Giza and Yellowstone National Park.
Transcripts
hello guys I hope you are very well and super prepared to start studying
prokaryotic cells in great detail in this video we will review their characteristics the
parts that make them up the types that exist in nature and the functions they perform
let's start by asking ourselves what are prokaryotic cells prokaryotic cells are those
that form the unicellular organisms that we know as bacteria and archaea are very common
in nature and surprisingly abundant and important for all ecosystems
this type of cell is among the smallest that exist on our planet
and they form only unicellular organisms, that is to say that each prokaryotic cell forms a
complete organism so small that it is not possible to see it with our own eyes but for
this we need the help of a microscope these cells represent one of the types of
cells that exist in nature, the second type being that of cells As eukaryotes
, therefore, let us now see in detail what are the special characteristics
that make these cells different from their counterparts. Eukaryotic cells
, normally, prokaryotic cells are considered inferior or simple in relation to
eukaryotic cells. This is due to different aspects that we will see below. The main
characteristic of a prokaryotic cell is that it does not have a nucleus. In fact, the term prokaryotes
derives from Greek roots, but what does it mean before and Carl Jung, which translates as nucleus, is
for this reason that the word prokaryotes describes organisms that have a nucleus. primordial
or primitive different from the true membranous nucleus that eukaryotic cells have
however the DNA in these cells is not dispersed in the cytoplasm
but is concentrated in a region known as the nucleus in terms of size
these cells are much smaller than cells eukaryotes in fact it is considered that
a proca cell The average riota is up to 15 times smaller than the smallest animal cell,
like all cells, prokaryotic cells are delimited by a membrane
, this membrane, in turn, is usually covered by a wall that serves to protect cells
from certain external conditions by On the other hand, they lack membranous compartments called
organelles, therefore their interior is like a kind of soup where we find different
types of molecules suspended in the cytosol. There are many prokaryotic cells that
associate with other types of cells to receive benefits from them. They are called symbionts,
but others are free-living or live in colonies of clonal organisms, that is, one organism is
the same as the other, like all prokaryotic cells, they are unicellular organisms, they have the capacity
of any living being, they feed, grow, reproduce, interact with the environment they
surrounds them communicate with each other and with other organisms around them and f Finally they die,
their reproduction is exclusively asexual, that is to say that when a prokaryotic cell divides, it
gives rise to two totally identical cells. Well, since we have seen in broad strokes the
characteristics of these cells, let us now see how they are formed, that is to say, what are
their parts and what are the functions that prokaryotic cells carry out despite
seeming much simpler in appearance than eukaryotic cells are very interesting
and have many different parts which they use for particular purposes let's start
by reviewing those parts that form the external region of these cells, just as our body
is covered by skin, which is the largest and most extensive organ that we have and that protects us from
a large number of dangers, prokaryotic cells have an external cover where
different structures are distinguished, some of them are the capsule, the fibers the pil and sexual and the flagella
the capsule is a kind of substance The gelatinous layer that covers many prokaryotic cells
is made up of sugars that are associated with other molecules called lipids and proteins. Its
main function is to protect the cell, but it can also participate in movement. The
fibers, for their part, are a kind of appendages. very numerous elongated fibers that are attached to the
cell wall of some prokaryotes allow the mobility and inheritance of these cells to almost
any surface in bacteria the fibers are composed of a protein called peeling
now the sexual pili is a structure that the bacteria and which consists of a
modified fiber that functions as a pipe this pipe is used by some species to
transfer or exchange genetic information with other cells in a process called
bacterial conjugation this type of exchange is considered a form of bacterial sexual reproduction
finally flagella They are very important structures for many s prokaryotes because they
help them move from one place to another they are filaments longer than fibers and
are made up of proteins they have a tail-like appearance and in the same cell they can
have between one or several hundred flagella on their surface if we continue the path of a
prokaryotic cell from the outside to the inside we find the middle or coverage region in
it and inevitably we are going to find two structures: the cell wall and the cell
membrane the prokaryotic cell membrane is very similar to that of the cell eukaryote, in fact, is the structure
that defines the cell because it encloses it, gives it shape and the size of the cell membrane,
also known as the membrane, called the sol and ca, or plasma membrane, it is made up of a
double layer of molecules called lipids associated with molecules proteins that fulfill many
essential functions for the communication of the prokaryotic cell with the environment that surrounds it the
cell membrane functions na as a selective filter that is to say that it allows some molecules to pass from the
outside to the inside and vice versa now well not all prokaryotic cells have a cell wall
but the bacteria that are among the most abundant prokaryotes often differ from each other
by the characteristics that their wall the cell wall serves as a protective envelope as it
is a rigid structure composed of different types of molecules that protect the cell from
dehydration from the action of some chemical compounds among many other things
after these two structures is the internal or intracellular region the cytosol
much of the cytosol which is the fluid with which the cells are filled is
occupied by the genome in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules dna these are very
coiled forming a structure known as a chromosome this genomic dna is the one that
contains all the information that makes a prokaryotic cell a prokaryotic cell
with all s its characteristics, in addition to the chromosome, the cytosol also contains smaller DNA fragments
known as plasmids, which usually provide valuable information for
metabolism or related to resistance to some adverse conditions by these cells
, there are also large amounts of proteins in the cytosol all derived from the reading and
translation of the information contained in the chromosomal DNA or medical plan which are used so
that the prokaryotic cells fulfill their functions, feed, grow, communicate
and reproduce and other important elements in the bacterial sun site are the ribosomes, which
are the complexes responsible for translating the message contained in DNA to form
cellular proteins. Well, now let's see the types of prokaryotic cells that exist.
Prokaryotic cells have highly variable sizes and shapes that generally depend on both the species we are
considering and the the conditions in which bacteria grow Theria are among the most
studied prokaryotes, so we will say as a general rule that prokaryotes can be found in two types
or special forms: coccus and bacilli coccus-shaped prokaryotes are
organisms whose cells are practically spherical, it is very common to find them in
nature forming groups or aggregates very similar to those of a bunch of grapes
bacillus-shaped prokaryotes instead have a vast appearance a shapeless
rod that can occur in very different lengths and widths depending on the
species when they associate with each other this type of cells can be found in nature as
a chain or string of sausages some authors propose that there are also prokaryotes with
intermediate forms between cocci and bacilli and these are called coccobacilli since they are
neither completely spherical nor completely elongated to finish our study
on prokaryotic cells it is worth delimiting that since Since there is a
vast amount of these cells in the world, we could say that there are countless examples of
these organisms, but here I will only name some of them, the most common, ceviche coli
is a resident bacterium of the human intestine, some strains of them are pathogenic and cause
diarrhea or other gastrointestinal conditions, especially when they grow out of control
, salmonella enterica is another pathogenic bacterium, a large negative bacillus
that causes diseases in humans and other animals. As for the archaea
, I am going to name 2 by looking at the block there is an area that was discovered in egypt and that
is shaped like a box or cube and nitrous yellowstone broth and another complaint that lives in one of
the hottest places in the world yellowstone national park in the usa well guys
that's all for today If you liked this video, I invite you to give it a like and subscribe to
our channel so that you continue enjoying the best selection of educational videos
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