Teori Labelling - Sosiologi Perilaku Menyimpang | Kriminologi

Summary

In this insightful presentation, Popy, a criminology student at Islamic University of Riau, explores labeling theory, which posits that individuals become deviant when labeled as such by those in power. Rooted in symbolic interactionism, the theory emphasizes how societal labels can stigmatize minorities and influence their self-identity and behavior. Popy discusses key processes in labeling, including identification and the creation of new deviant identities. Through real-life examples, she illustrates the cycle of crime stemming from labeling and critiques the theory for its deterministic approach, urging a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between society and individual behavior.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script introduces the labeling theory in criminology, focusing on how individuals are labeled as deviant by those in power.
• 📚 Labeling theory is rooted in symbolic interactionism, influenced by sociologists like Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead.
• 🔍 Tanenbaum's process of labeling involves stages such as identification, portrayal, and reinforcement, leading to the internalization of deviant identity.
• ⚖️ Criminal behavior is often a result of dominant social groups labeling minority groups as deviant, influencing their identity and actions.
• 🤔 Those labeled as deviant are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior, especially when they internalize the negative label.
• 📉 Labels can limit conventional opportunities, such as education and employment, leading to stigmatization and social isolation.
• 👥 Labeling can create subgroups of individuals who share a deviant identity, often in response to societal rejection.
• 🧠 Edwin Lemert distinguishes between primary deviance (initial acts of rule-breaking) and secondary deviance (ongoing behavior in response to labeling).
• 👗 The script discusses examples of labeling in fashion, highlighting societal reactions to non-traditional expressions of masculinity.
• 🚫 Critiques of labeling theory include its deterministic nature, generalization of deviant behavior, and lack of attention to the initial causes of deviance.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the labelling theory in criminology?

The labelling theory primarily focuses on how individuals become deviant because they are labelled as deviant by those in power, such as authorities or society.

Who are the key figures associated with the development of labelling theory?

Key figures include Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, Herbert Blumer, and Edwin Lemert, who contributed to the theory's development through symbolic interactionism.

What are the main processes involved in labelling according to the theory?

The main processes include identification, definition, portrayal, affirmation, and the development of a perceived deviant nature.

How does labelling theory explain the relationship between social groups and deviance?

The theory posits that dominant social groups label minority groups as deviant, influencing their behavior and identity in relation to societal norms.

What are the consequences of being labelled as deviant?

Consequences include limited conventional opportunities such as education and employment, societal stigmatization, and potential isolation from mainstream society.

What are the two concepts of labelling introduced by Edwin Lemert?

Edwin Lemert introduced primary deviance, which refers to initial acts of rule-breaking with little impact on the individual, and secondary deviance, which occurs when the societal response to primary deviance intensifies.

Can you give an example of how labelling can affect an individual's life?

An example is a 15-year-old boy labelled as a drug dealer, leading to expulsion from school and criminal charges, which subsequently limit his employment opportunities due to a criminal record.

What criticisms exist regarding labelling theory?

Criticisms include its deterministic nature, the tendency to generalize all forms of deviance, and insufficient focus on the root causes of initial deviant behavior.

How does labelling theory relate to the concept of social norms?

Labelling theory illustrates that deviance is not an inherent trait of an act but rather a label assigned based on societal norms and reactions to behavior.

What is the impact of societal reactions on the labelled individual?

Societal reactions can lead to stigma and further deviance, as labelled individuals may internalize negative labels, limiting their social integration and increasing their likelihood of engaging in deviant behavior.