Perilaku Menyimpang ( Definisi dan Teori-teori Penyimpangan Sosial ) Kelas X SMA

Summary

The transcript presents an educational lecture on social deviance, discussing its definition and various sociological theories. The speaker explains that deviance occurs when individuals or groups disregard societal norms, citing theories such as Edwin H. Sutherland's Differential Association, the Labeling Theory, and Merton's Strain Theory. The lecture highlights how peer influence, social labeling, and cultural goals shape deviant behavior. It also emphasizes the importance of choosing the right social associations to avoid deviance. The speaker encourages students to ask questions and take notes for better understanding.

Takeaways

• 😀 The speaker opens the session by greeting the audience and expressing well wishes for their health, especially during the pandemic.
• 😀 The main topic of the presentation is social deviance, with the speaker aiming to provide an understanding of what it entails.
• 😀 Social deviance is defined as behavior that ignores societal norms and can result from either an individual or a group failing to adhere to social standards.
• 😀 According to sociologist Robert M.Z. Lawang, social deviance refers to actions that go against the accepted norms of a social system and lead to interventions by authorities.
• 😀 Zander’s view on social deviance is that it involves behavior perceived by society as disgraceful and outside the bounds of tolerance.
• 😀 Four key theories of social deviance are discussed: 1) Differential Association Theory, 2) Labeling Theory, 3) Functional Theory, and 4) Merton’s Theory of Social Strain.
• 😀 Differential Association Theory suggests that deviant behavior results from associating with those who engage in deviant acts, such as drug users influencing others to use drugs.
• 😀 Labeling Theory posits that when an individual is labeled as deviant (e.g., as a thief or a school truant), they are more likely to continue engaging in deviant behavior due to societal perception.
• 😀 Functional Theory explains that deviance occurs as part of the normal functioning of society, with the aim of promoting moral awareness among the population.
• 😀 Merton's Theory of Social Strain highlights that individuals may resort to deviance when societal goals cannot be achieved through legitimate means, and the theory includes five forms of adaptation: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.

Q & A

What is social deviance?

Social deviance refers to actions or behaviors that violate societal norms or expectations. It occurs when an individual or group does not conform to the accepted standards in a society.

According to Edwin H. Sutherland, what causes social deviance?

Edwin H. Sutherland's theory of differential association suggests that social deviance arises from interactions with others who promote deviant behavior. For example, an individual may start using drugs if they associate with drug users.

What is the theory of labeling in the context of social deviance?

The labeling theory explains that individuals who are labeled as deviant may continue to engage in deviant behavior because society expects it. Once someone is labeled as deviant, such as a thief, they may live up to that label and continue to act accordingly.

How does the functionalist perspective explain social deviance?

From a functionalist viewpoint, social deviance can help in maintaining societal balance by clarifying societal norms and boundaries. It provides a basis for social cohesion and the adaptation of laws and rules.

What are the five types of adaptation in Merton’s Strain Theory of social deviance?

Merton’s Strain Theory identifies five types of adaptation to societal norms: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, and Rebellion. Each type reflects different responses to societal goals and the means of achieving them.

What is the 'Innovation' type in Merton's Strain Theory?

Innovation occurs when individuals accept societal goals but reject the prescribed means of achieving them. This often leads to deviant behavior, such as committing crimes to achieve success.

What is the difference between 'Ritualism' and 'Innovation' in Merton's theory?

Ritualism involves abandoning societal goals but still adhering to accepted norms or rules, even when they no longer make sense. In contrast, Innovation involves pursuing societal goals but using unapproved or deviant methods.

How does the 'Labeling Theory' explain the persistence of deviant behavior?

The Labeling Theory suggests that once a person is labeled as deviant, they may internalize the label and continue to act in ways that fulfill the expectations of the label, thus perpetuating deviant behavior.

Why is it important to choose our social associations carefully, according to the theory of differential association?

According to the theory of differential association, our behavior is influenced by those we associate with. Choosing the right social circle is important because associating with individuals who engage in deviant behavior can lead to adopting similar actions.

What is the role of social norms in defining deviance?

Social norms are the rules or expectations that guide behavior within a society. Deviance is defined by the violation of these norms, and the severity of the deviance is often determined by how much the behavior deviates from these norms.