Literatura del Barroco español - Tercero de secundaria [Literatura]

Summary

In this lesson on Baroque literature, the instructor discusses its emergence during Spain's political and economic crises of the 17th century. The Baroque style is characterized by elaborate and exaggerated expressions, contrasting with the era's harsh realities. Key literary schools, Conceptismo and Culteranismo, are introduced through notable figures like Francisco de Quevedo and Luis de Góngora. The lesson also highlights the significance of lyrical poetry and theater, featuring playwrights such as Lope de Vega, known for accessible works, and Calderón de la Barca, who offered more philosophical insights. The session emphasizes how Baroque literature reflects and responds to its tumultuous historical context.

Takeaways

• 📚 The Baroque literature emerged during a period of political and economic crisis in Spain, particularly after losing its colonies in America.
• 💔 The social impact of this crisis led to increased poverty, with a significant portion of the population becoming unemployed.
• ⛪ The Baroque period also experienced religious turmoil, with conflicts between science and religion exemplified by Galileo Galilei's persecution for his heliocentric views.
• 🌟 Baroque art and literature aimed to provide light and hope amid the darkness of the era, characterized by exaggeration and elaborate expression.
• 🎨 The Baroque movement originated in Italy in the late 16th century and spread throughout Europe, reaching Spain in the 17th century.
• 🖋️ Key characteristics of Baroque literature include excessive adornments, complex metaphors, and a tendency for artificiality in writing.
• 🔍 Two main literary schools of the Baroque are Conceptism, which emphasizes clever wordplay and wit, and Culteranism, focused on achieving beauty through complex language.
• 📖 Francisco de Quevedo is a notable representative of Conceptism, while Luis de Góngora represents Culteranism.
• 🎭 In Baroque theatre, Lope de Vega's works were popular and accessible to the general public, while Calderón de la Barca's plays were more philosophical and introspective.
• 📝 The main genres of Baroque literature included lyrical, philosophical, and burlesque poetry, often marked by their complexity and elaboration.

Q & A

What historical context led to the emergence of Baroque literature in Spain?

Baroque literature emerged during a period of political and economic crisis in Spain, marked by the loss of colonies in America and widespread poverty, which created a need for distraction through art and literature.

How did the Baroque movement contrast with the Renaissance?

While the Renaissance focused on science and secularism, the Baroque period experienced a clash between science and religion, exemplified by figures like Galileo Galilei, who faced persecution for challenging religious views.

What are the key characteristics of Baroque literature?

Baroque literature is characterized by excessive ornamentation, exaggeration, complicated language, and the use of literary figures such as metaphors, similes, and hyperboles.

What is conceptismo and who is its main representative?

Conceptismo is a literary school that aims to dazzle readers with clever wordplay and double meanings. Its main representative is Francisco de Quevedo.

How does culteranismo differ from conceptismo?

Culteranismo seeks beauty through a rich vocabulary and intricate metaphors, often using neologisms. Its main representative is Luis de Góngora, who focused on ornate expression, unlike the more humorous and straightforward approach of conceptismo.

What genres were prominent in Baroque literature?

Prominent genres in Baroque literature included lyrical poetry, which varied from burlesque and philosophical to religious themes, as well as theatre, exemplified by playwrights like Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca.

What distinguishes the theatre of Lope de Vega from that of Calderón de la Barca?

Lope de Vega's theatre was more popular and accessible, focusing on common themes for all audiences, while Calderón de la Barca's works were more philosophical and encouraged deeper reflection on life and existence.

What role did exaggeration play in Baroque literature?

Exaggeration was a key element in Baroque literature, serving to capture the audience's attention and provide a stark contrast to the grim realities of the time.

What are some examples of literary figures commonly used in Baroque poetry?

Common literary figures in Baroque poetry include hyperbole, anaphora, metaphor, and simile, all of which contributed to the style's complexity and richness.

What overall impact did the Baroque movement have on literature and culture?

The Baroque movement left a lasting impact on literature and culture by introducing a style marked by excess and complexity, reflecting the social and political turmoil of the time, and providing a means of escape through artistic expression.