DEMOKRASI LIBERAL DI INDONESIA 1950 SAMPAI 1959

Summary

This video explores Indonesia's political and economic development during the liberal democracy era. It traces the multipartite political system from the 1950s, following the dissolution of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) and the formation of a parliamentary government. Key events include frequent cabinet changes, debates over political alliances, and economic challenges. Significant political figures and parties like PNI, Masyumi, and PKI play central roles. The video also discusses various economic policies, such as the 'Benteng' program and the 'Alibaba' system, aiming to reshape Indonesia's post-colonial economy, though with mixed success.

Takeaways

• 🇮🇩 Indonesia adopted a multi-party system after gaining independence, marking its transition into a democracy.
• 🗳️ The first implementation of a multi-party system in Indonesia occurred during the era of liberal democracy, with over 28 political parties participating.
• 👥 The main political parties during this era were PNI (nationalists), Masyumi (modernist Muslims), NU (traditionalist Muslims), and PKI (communists).
• 🔄 Frequent cabinet changes occurred due to unresolved differences between parties, resulting in unstable governments.
• 🛑 Major political events included the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and the return to the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
• 👥 Cabinets like the Natsir, Sukiman, Wilopo, and Ali Sastroamidjojo administrations faced challenges, including external negotiations and internal instability.
• 💥 The Tanjung Morawa Incident, where a land dispute led to deaths, caused political upheaval and government instability.
• 🌏 The Ali Sastroamidjojo I Cabinet is notable for organizing the Bandung Conference, an important diplomatic achievement in Asia-Africa relations.
• 📉 Economic instability during this period led to measures such as the 'Syafruddin Cut' to reduce currency values and the 'Benteng Program' to foster local entrepreneurship.
• 📜 The era ended with President Sukarno transitioning to Guided Democracy, rejecting liberal democracy as unsuitable for Indonesia.

Q & A

When did Indonesia start implementing a multi-party system in elections?

Indonesia started implementing a multi-party system in elections after gaining independence, during the era of Liberal Democracy in 1950.

What was the main characteristic of the political system during Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era?

The main characteristic of Indonesia's political system during the Liberal Democracy era was a parliamentary system with multiple political parties and civilian politicians controlling the government.

Which four major political parties were prominent during the Liberal Democracy era in Indonesia?

The four major political parties during Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era were the Indonesian National Party (PNI), Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).

What event led to the fall of the Natsir Cabinet in 1951?

The Natsir Cabinet fell due to a motion of no confidence submitted by the PNI over the government’s regulation on regional parliamentary elections, which they considered undemocratic.

What caused the collapse of the Sukiman Cabinet in 1952?

The Sukiman Cabinet collapsed because the signing of the Mutual Security Act with the United States was seen as aligning Indonesia with the Western Bloc during the Cold War, contrary to Indonesia’s neutral foreign policy.

What was one of the main achievements of the Ali Sastroamidjojo I Cabinet?

One of the main achievements of the Ali Sastroamidjojo I Cabinet was organizing the 1955 Asia-Africa Conference, which showcased Indonesia’s active role in international diplomacy.

What significant political reform was introduced by the Djuanda Cabinet?

The Djuanda Cabinet introduced the Djuanda Declaration, which expanded Indonesia’s maritime boundaries, uniting the land and sea as one territorial entity.

What led to the fall of the Wilopo Cabinet?

The Wilopo Cabinet fell after the Tanjung Morawa incident, in which the government clashed with local farmers, leading to the deaths of five farmers and a motion of no confidence from the parliament.

What was the main reason President Sukarno wanted to replace Liberal Democracy with Guided Democracy?

President Sukarno believed that Liberal Democracy did not align with the Indonesian spirit and wanted to replace it with Guided Democracy to create a more stable political environment.

What economic measure was implemented during the Liberal Democracy era to reduce Indonesia's budget deficit?

One of the economic measures was the 'Gunting Syafruddin,' which involved cutting the value of banknotes above 250 rupiah by half, aimed at reducing the national budget deficit.