Yang Tidak Dikatakan Jokowi soal Ibu Kota Baru | Buka Mata

Summary

The transcript discusses the ambitious plan of Indonesian President Jokowi to move the nation's capital to East Borneo, driven by factors such as frequent natural disasters in Jakarta, equitable development, and land availability. While the government claims the new capital will be flood-free, local villagers face severe flooding issues, displacement, and water shortages. The project benefits conglomerates, raising concerns about environmental damage, water scarcity, and the impact on indigenous communities, farmers, and fishermen. Despite the government's efforts, local resistance persists due to the lack of consultation and the potential disruption to livelihoods.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The idea of moving Indonesia's capital city to East Borneo is driven by multiple reasons, including disaster risks, equitable development, and land availability.
• 🌊 One of the key motivations for the relocation is to avoid frequent flooding in Jakarta, but the new capital area still faces flood risks in nearby villages.
• 🏞️ The new capital city's core government area will be built on 6,596 hectares, with additional zones for city and development expansion covering over 250,000 hectares.
• 🚰 Local villagers near the new capital struggle with water shortages, especially in the dry season, and are forced to buy expensive water from outside sources.
• 🌿 The environment around the new capital has been affected by deforestation and monoculture plantations, leading to increased flooding risks due to water runoff.
• 🏗️ The construction of dams like Sepaku-Semoi is aimed at solving water issues, but their capacity may not be enough to support the growing needs of the new capital.
• 💼 Several private companies, including those owned by politically connected figures, are poised to profit from water supply and port infrastructure for the new capital's development.
• 🚜 Large parts of the land in the new capital's territory are controlled by corporations with mining, agriculture, and forest concessions, leading to potential land acquisition conflicts.
• 🐟 Fishermen in Balikpapan Bay are concerned about the environmental damage and loss of livelihoods due to industrial activity and exclusion from traditional fishing areas.
• 🚫 Many local communities, including indigenous groups, farmers, and fishermen, strongly oppose the capital relocation project, fearing displacement and loss of their way of life.

Q & A

What are the main reasons President Jokowi gives for moving Indonesia's capital city to East Borneo?

Jokowi cites frequent disasters in Jakarta, equitable development, land availability, and the support from local people as the main reasons for moving the capital to East Borneo.

What is the size and division of the new capital city (IKN) area?

The new capital city (IKN) is divided into three areas: a 6,596-hectare core area for the central government, a 56,181-hectare capital city area, and a 256,142-hectare IKN development area.

How does the topography of the new capital city area affect the risk of flooding?

The new capital city is located on hilly terrain, which makes it less prone to flooding. However, nearby villages at lower elevations are still vulnerable to severe flooding, especially during heavy rains.

What is the local reaction to the widening of the Sepaku River as a flood prevention strategy?

Local people living along the riverbanks are facing the threat of eviction due to the government's widening of the Sepaku River, leading to confusion and fear about their future.

What challenges do local residents face in terms of water supply?

In the dry season, local residents in villages like Pemaluan struggle with water shortages. They often have to buy expensive water from outside sources, as digging wells is ineffective in the area.

What are the main water sources planned for the new capital city, and what issues have arisen?

The government has built the Sepaku-Semoi Dam to address water shortages, but its capacity of 1,100 liters per second is insufficient for the growing capital. Plans for two additional dams were canceled due to funding constraints.

How are private companies benefiting from the new capital city project?

Private companies like PT Arsari Tirta Pradana, owned by Hashim Djojohadikusumo, are set to profit by supplying water to the IKN. Additionally, two ports in Balikpapan Bay, owned by private firms, will handle construction materials.

What concerns do local fishermen and coastal communities have regarding the IKN project?

Local fishermen are worried about the destruction of biodiversity in Balikpapan Bay and the impact of industrial activity on their livelihoods. Fishing has already become more difficult due to pollution, and new regulations restrict their fishing rights.

What is the concern of local farmers in Pemaluan village about the new capital city project?

Local farmers fear being forced to leave their land, as farming is their primary source of income. They have not been consulted about the project and are concerned about their future if the IKN development moves forward.

Why do some local residents oppose the construction of the new capital city?

Many residents oppose the IKN project because they believe it will destroy nature, harm local wildlife, and displace long-standing communities. Some fear that their descendants will end up marginalized in their own land, similar to what happened to Betawi people in Jakarta.

Outlines

00:00

🏗️ Jokowi's Capital City Move and Flood Concerns in East Borneo

President Jokowi plans to move Indonesia’s capital to East Borneo, driven by frequent disasters in Jakarta and the goal of equitable development. The area chosen for the new capital is divided into three regions: a core government area, the capital city zone, and a larger development area. Jokowi asserts the new capital will be flood-free due to its hilly topography. However, floods continue to threaten nearby villages, particularly due to inadequate water management systems, leaving locals exhausted and vulnerable. The absence of proper flood infrastructure raises concerns about the capital’s wider impact on local flooding.

05:03

🌧️ Water Scarcity and Indigenous Resistance in Pemaluan Village

In Pemaluan village, located near the new capital, water scarcity is a severe issue. Locals must rely on expensive water deliveries during the dry season, as wells fail to provide adequate supplies. The government plans to address this through dam construction, but only one dam, Sepaku-Semoi, is currently in progress, and its capacity is insufficient for the capital’s needs. A private company owned by Prabowo Subianto’s family is poised to dominate water supply for the new city, fueling concerns about privatization. Indigenous people, who have lived on the land for generations, worry about displacement and the cultural and environmental impacts of the capital project.

10:06

⚖️ Corporate Land Control and Overlapping Concessions

The land in the IKN area is heavily controlled by corporate concessions, with 144 permits issued to various companies, many of which belong to Indonesia’s political and economic elite. These concessions overlap with forest concessions controlled by major business figures like Hashim Djojohadikusumo and Sukanto Tanoto. While the government claims there will be no compensation for these companies, questions remain about how these licenses will be handled. The capital’s expansion also absorbs mining and plantation areas owned by conglomerates, raising concerns about the influence of private interests in shaping the new capital.

15:08

🚢 Industrial Threats to Biodiversity and Coastal Communities

The new capital’s development threatens the biodiversity of Balikpapan Bay, a critical ecosystem for coral reefs and porpoises. Increased industrial activity, including the construction of ports for shipping materials, poses risks to the marine environment. Coastal communities are already struggling with polluted water and declining fish populations. Local fishermen, who rely on the bay for their livelihoods, express fear and frustration, as new spatial plans prioritize industrial development over traditional fishing rights. These policies are implemented without consultation with the affected communities, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.

20:10

🌾 Farmers and Fishermen Fear Displacement Due to IKN

Farmers and fishermen in Pemaluan and surrounding areas express deep concerns about being forced off their land to make way for the new capital. Farming is the main source of income for many, and they fear losing their livelihood without alternative skills or education. Fishermen, already suffering from environmental degradation, reject the project as it threatens their way of life. They fear a future where they are displaced, much like marginalized communities in other parts of Indonesia, and hope that the project will be reconsidered or canceled.

Keywords

💡IKN (New Capital City)

IKN refers to Indonesia's planned new capital city, located in East Borneo. President Jokowi initiated the move from Jakarta due to issues like frequent natural disasters, overcrowding, and unequal development. The video discusses the challenges and criticisms surrounding the development of IKN, such as environmental impacts, displacement of local communities, and water scarcity.

💡Flood Risk

Flood risk is one of the main reasons for moving the capital city from Jakarta to East Borneo, as Jakarta is prone to floods. While Jokowi claims that the new location is less prone to flooding, the video highlights how nearby villages at lower elevations still face significant flooding risks, especially during the rainy season. The lack of reservoirs and proper water infiltration systems in the area exacerbates this issue.

💡Land Availability

Land availability is one of the reasons cited by Jokowi for relocating the capital city to East Borneo. The government claims that around 180,000 hectares of land are available for development. However, the video reveals that much of this land is under corporate control, owned by major business tycoons with interests in forestry, agriculture, and mining sectors, raising concerns about the actual availability of land for public use.

💡Local Community Displacement

The video addresses the displacement of local communities as a major issue related to the construction of IKN. As land is cleared for infrastructure development, residents living along riverbanks and in flood-prone areas are being evicted. Many of these communities have lived in the region for generations, and they express concern about losing their homes and livelihoods due to government orders without adequate compensation or consultation.

💡Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of the IKN project is a central theme in the video. The development is threatening the biodiversity of the region, including coral reefs and wildlife such as porpoises and proboscis monkeys. Additionally, deforestation caused by corporate logging activities is leading to soil erosion and water runoff, which increases flooding in downstream villages.

💡Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a critical challenge in the IKN area, as the region's topography consists of sandy, loamy, and coal-rich soils that are poor at absorbing water. The construction of dams like Sepaku-Semoi aims to address this issue, but the video points out that the water supply from these dams is insufficient for the growing population and development needs of the new capital. Local residents already face high costs and limited access to clean water.

💡Corporate Interests

Corporate interests play a significant role in the IKN project. The video highlights how companies owned by influential tycoons, such as Sukanto Tanoto and Hashim Djojohadikusumo, are positioned to benefit from the project. These companies control land and resources in the region, including ports, logging concessions, and water supply infrastructure, leading to concerns that the project is more focused on corporate profits than public welfare.

💡Indigenous Rights

Indigenous rights are brought up in the video as local communities, including indigenous people who have lived in the region for centuries, express their frustration and fear about being displaced without proper consultation. The government's decisions are seen as disregarding their historical ties to the land, and the local communities are worried about losing their homes, culture, and way of life due to the new capital's development.

💡Economic Disparities

Economic disparities are highlighted in the video, especially in the context of how the IKN project may widen the gap between local residents and corporate elites. While companies stand to profit from the development of infrastructure, ports, and resource extraction, local communities, particularly farmers and fishermen, face economic challenges due to displacement, restricted access to resources, and environmental degradation.

💡Sustainability Concerns

Sustainability concerns are raised throughout the video, particularly regarding the long-term viability of the new capital city. The region's lack of water resources, environmental degradation, and displacement of local communities all contribute to questions about whether the IKN project is sustainable or if it will lead to further social and environmental challenges in the future.

Highlights

Jokowi requests clearance to move the capital city to Borneo Island, after a delay due to the pandemic.

Main reasons for moving the capital city include frequent disasters in Jakarta, equitable development, and land availability.

The new capital city area is divided into three regions: core government area (6,596 hectares), capital city area (56,181 hectares), and development area (256,142 hectares).

Flooding is unlikely in the central government area due to its hilly location, but surrounding villages are threatened by severe flooding.

Local villagers suffer from flooding during the rainy season, and the lack of a water reservoir exacerbates the situation.

Evictions have begun in areas along the riverbanks as the government widens the Sepaku River to prevent floods.

Villagers in Pemaluan, 9 km from the new presidential palace, struggle with clean water shortages, especially during the dry season.

The government built the Sepaku-Semoi dam to address water scarcity, but its capacity (1,100 liters/second) is insufficient for the expanding capital.

Private companies, like those owned by influential figures, are stepping in to supply water and other resources for the new capital.

Concerns are raised over land acquisition in areas controlled by corporate concessions, with no compensation expected for these companies.

The new capital city's development is expanding into areas previously allocated for coal mining and palm oil plantations.

Local farmers and fishermen express fear of losing their livelihoods due to the industrialization and environmental destruction caused by the new capital project.

Villagers worry about long-term impacts on their children and grandchildren, fearing displacement similar to the Betawi people in Jakarta.

The project faces opposition from the local community, who feel excluded from decision-making and fear the destruction of their natural environment.

Despite government claims of pride and benefit, many local residents feel the new capital project primarily serves corporate interests over public needs.

Transcripts

Hereby, I request clearance

to move our capital city

to Borneo island.

Jokowi and his ambition to transfer the capital city has been vacuumed for one and a half year,

since Indonesia was badly beatenup by the pandemic.

And now the vigor of transferring capital city is accelerated

after the pandemic subsides.

Jokowi uttered main reasons behind the idea

of moving the capital city.

The frequent disasters in Jakarta,

equitable development purposes, land availability issues,

even the full support which was claimed

come from local people.

Research and datas on the field reveal that

the expectation of the new capital city Jokowi promised,

is not that sweet.

Is it true that new capital city projects are for public sakes?

Why East Borneo?

One, the risk of disaster is minimal,

from flood...

Flood is one of the reasons Jokowi moved the capital city

from Jakarta to East Borneo.

The area of the new capital city (IKN))

scope is divided into three regions:

First, the 6.596 hectare core area of the central government (KIPP).

Second, 56.181 hectare of the capital city area.

Lastly, 256.142 hectare of IKN development area.

Broadly, these areas will be managed by IKN authority.

In the early phase,

he big construction focus in this area.

Jokowi's claim about the new capital city is flood free,

it is true.

It is hard for floods to happen in this central government area.

Indeed, based on the topography, it is located on a hilly area.

Through the topography map,

flooding doesn’t happen here.

But a severe one threatens the villages at the bottom.

And it’s happening now.

When the rain season comes, this is the impact.

The people here are exhausted,

The people need to move to the mountain

when the big flooding happens,

since the height of water reaches half of the house…

Even with these two rivers…

Is flooding always this hard when a heavy rain comes?

Absolutely, because there is

no reservoir for the water which comes from the top or the forest.

There is no that kind of water infiltration.

If there is a new capital city at the top,

do you think it will impact the flood here?

I think so,

not to mention the trash

Or even when there is IKN which we don’t understand,

who knows when it is getting terrible, right?

This is the upstream reservoir which Atim said.

The area is owned by PT ITCI Hutani Manunggal,

part of Royal Golden Eagle group,

which belongs to Sukanto Tanoto tycoon.

The biodiversity condition

has changed to homogenous vegetation,

the acacia and eucalyptus.

The trees are being used for paper raw materials.

These tree's harvest cycle is once every five to six years.

When the harvest comes, the hills are constantly arid and bald.

Naturally, when it rains, water slides straight down.

This barren hill

will become Indonesia's central government area.

In order to extinguish the flood,

he water has to be swiftly drained

into the bay area through rivers around.

A flood preventive strategy the government has done

is widen the Sepaku river.

The ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR)

has marked the widened river stakes.

Now the eviction threat has started hitting the local people

who live along the riverbanks.

An inevitable expulsion will happen.

Just like there, some houses are

positively displaced.

On the edge of the river indeed.

It is getting paved soon.

We are so confused, where will we be?

Devoid of the IKN, we have been suffering enough,

it cost us.

However, what we are gonna say since it is government order.

So, we can only hope they will consider

local people, the indigenous..

We are not living here only for a year or two,

we have been here for a hundred years,

Which means, long ago before The Unitary State of

The Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), with our ancestors.

We are just upset,

to whom do we talk about it?

Flood in the rain season, drought in the dry season.

That is what will happen in this central government area.

In the Pemaluan village, nine kilometers from the presidential palace,

the clean water supply definitely depends on the rainfall.

During the dry season,

people ought to buy relatively expensive water.

For the water,

if there is no rain in a month, we have to buy it.

How hard is it to get the water here?

It is such a distress,

we have to buy it from the outside.

How about digging the wells?

It is not working, some drills ended without the water.

How about the water expenses?

It is Rp60.000,00.

maximum for two days.

So, how much is it for a month?

Reach 600-800 thousand rupiahs.

Just for the water?

Yes.

Is it water for drinking or bathing?

Only for bathing and washing,

the price for clean water is different.

Different?

Exactly.

How much?

Around 80-90 thousand rupiahs.

Where are you going to buy it?

We have to go down.

How many kilometers from here?

8-9 kilometers.

How do you carry the water?

Using it.

You have to use the car?

Yes.

How about the people who do not have car?

They get to buy it from the one who own the car.

Again?

Obviously, we have to pay for it.

The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) research stated,

there is an issue with water supply in the new capital city.

As Ami said,

the water crisis does not disappear in a second

just by drilling the ground.

IKN is located in the hill folds

composed of sand rock, loam, and coal.

Typically in the coal area,

the soil is bad at absorbing water.

Shown in this BPPT hydrology map.

he groundwater potency in this IKN area is ultra low.

That is why, when the IKN idea came up,

the government rushly build three dams,

seeking a way for the lack of water issue as well..

The three dams are Sepaku-Semoi,

Selamayu, and Batu Lekek.

The last two names got canceled due to fund limits.

As you can predict,

water supply will rely on the Sepaku-Semoi.

The thing is the capacity of this dam

is only 1.100 liter per second.

his number is not enough

to keep abreast of IKN developments that are getting broader.

In this condition, the private companies are raking in profit.

PT Arsari Tirta Pradana,

a company belonging to Hashim Djojohadikusumo,

brother of Prabowo Subianto, Ministry of Defense,

will be a big player in supplying IKN drinking water.

They are going to build a dam in the HGU concession area,

property of PT ITCI Kartika Utama.

This wood company is owned by Hashim.

The natural contour

causes no hardship to build the dam in this area.

As you can see the topography

through this satellite image, it looks like a pond.

The water capacity this dam can accommodate

is around 4.000 liter per second,

bigger than the governments can provide.

Beyond just a dam,

Prabowo’s family will make a fortune

in the port sector.

In the presentation document of IKN

spatial planning by Bappenas,

it reveals the construction process in the early phase

will rely on two ports owned by private companies in Balikpapan bay.

This ITCI Kartika Utama port has not been used

since the logging activity expired.

Later on this abandoned port will get busy

with pacing big ships,

carrying IKN construction load.

As well as the ITCI Hutani Manunggal port,

belongs to Sukanto Tanoto.

This port will be the main access to carry raw material wood

from Sepaku to APRIL Group paper processing in Riau.

Fifth,

the land government own is available around 180.000 hectare...

That is another Jokowi’s argument

to move the new capital city to East Borneo.

The problem is, in the IKN area,

half of the land

is under the corporate permission

in forest, agriculture, and mining sectors.

It is the mining permission area.

The amount reaches 144 concessions.

Some of them owned by the elite of Jakarta.

From Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan,

child of Setya Novanto, Rheza Herwindo,

Yusril Ihza Mahendra,

even the boss nickel, owner of Harita Group,

Hariyanto Wijaya Sarwono.

Some of these concession areas overlap with

two forest concessions which have forest product business permission (IUPHHK-HA) status,

property of Hashim Djojohadikusumo, via PT Kartika Utama

and IUPHHK-HT, the asset of Sukanto Tanoto

via PT. ITCI Hutani Manunggal, which control the west of IKN.

Through this overlapping map we may be wondering,

how about the land acquisition

that has been under the control of those corporations?

Eventually, the license exchange idea sticks out.

Because the spotlight is on the conglomerates

who are taking the windfall with all of these..

No,

there is no such compensation for

HDI business owner.

Can you explain the scheme for them?

There is a deadline day in the use rights (HGU),

it is not extended

and we have no problem with them.

So, do you think those companies are willing to divest

the permission since it is national property?

There is no problem.

Without compensation.

Anyhow, do not heat them up...

No compensation…

Because if you do…

No.. I am just thinking from their point of view.

In case they have invested, then this sudden mega project comes up,

and they are asked to leave…

Don’t you think Indonesian businessmen

won’t be proud of it?

A pride.

They will be proud.

Yet the money matters for them.

I know,

pride is not all about the money,

but how I can be impactful as well.

So, do you think they will be doing it voluntarily?

Of course, there have been no complaints so far.

The concession profit sharing happens

in the east too.

Back in the 2019 draft, the IKN territory was 180.965 hectare.

Then it changed in 2020 to 256.142 hectare.

This expansion makes PT Kutai Energi coal mining area,

and PT Perkebunan PT Kaltim Utama I

palm oil plantation in the north of Muara Java,

apparently are included in IKN territory.

These two companies are the subsidiary of Toba Sejahtera Group,

affiliated to Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan.

In the city ordinance, the government clusters

ten areas for central activity purposes.

Central government,

Center of education,

Economy,

Innovation and research,

Entertainment,

Two agriculture centers,

Logistic and agroindustry.

Lastly, Muara Java

will be the center of renewable energy technology development.

In Bappenas paper, this renewable energy (EBT) technology center was planned to

get merged with commercial service center,

since the digital industry 4.0 development center is there too.

It means anything related to EBT,

research, development,

and industry fabric are located in Muara Java.

And here

is where the electric car industry will evolve.

Here is the area

where the EBT industry will evolve.

Evenso, the hard rejection comes from local people.

They are afraid and resist

the industrial construction idea in this area.

Is there any concern

if Muara Java becomes part of IKN?

Obviously, if you hear the word of mouth at warung kopi,

we are so worried about it.

Our feeble and lower human resource capabilities

than other regions…

It makes us less confident.

We will be alright in 20 years.

But afterwards, our grandchild might be less competitive…

The concern caused to IKN

is not only perceived by the people on the land.

Coastal communities in the Balikpapan bay

also tremble.

This bay will be the gate

of construction and loading distribution to IKN.

On the other hand, the biodiversity ecosystem is even more threatened

with massive human activity.

There is the most unique coral-reef over there,

in the Wilmar port.

Also the one in Padang Lamun

is an eating spot for porpoises.

Now?

It is difficult for the porpoises

and the coral reef is damaged.

Frankly, the industry is fine,

as long as a consortium exists.

It pushes them to be aware of what can and can’t be exploited.

The law is crucial.

Hitherto, I see how they keep expanding their industrial area.

The one behind us

is about to be a port.

Surely, what is really happening now is

the rain turns the water into discolored.

It is bad for animals on this Mada beach.

The point is, industry is going to destroy nature.

There will be many ships going back and forth here.

It makes proboscis run again,

meanwhile here is their home.

The fishermen are profoundly troubled

due to the stiffness in searching for fish,

the consequence of polluted water.

How about the fisherman in Balikpapan bay now? Is it difficult?"

May I see the fish you caught,

how many of them?

Just two.

Is that so?

Yes.

Start from when?

This morning.

What time?

Six.

How many?

Two fishes, and two shrimps.

How much money do you spend on gasoline?

Rp40.000 for 5 liter.

Is it far from your expectation?

Absolutely.

So, you don’t get the money back, but make a loss instead?

You are right.

The problem is getting harder when the East Borneo government accommodates

the IKN construction interest,

by undermining the fisherman rights,

through the discriminative policy in their new regional spatial plan (RT/RW) regulation.

The regulation states that Balikpapan Bay

is no longer an area for fishing.

The Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) of East Borneo

has decided

that Balikpapan bay is not included

in the traditional fisherman and coastal community area.

So I want to ask you,

have you ever been asked for your opinion about it?

Or asking for your agreement?

How could it be restricted?

We know nothing about it.

So this place will not be included in it right?

Yes, what do you think?

Catching the fish out is for the big ship,

but using this little boat is just the same as killing ourselves.

So, you just know about it?

I just know it from you.

We have never been called by the local ward.

Do you think the IKN will impact the local farmer financially?

Yes, obviously very influential.

The problem with this IKN is that we are also restless here.

As a resident of Pemaluan that's what we're worried about.

We are afraid of farm forced eviction.

It is the only source of income we can work on.

We have no other skills,

no education. Farming is all we can do.

But if I may ask, is farming enough

or you and your family financially?

Alhamdulillah, is more than enough. We can still save money.

Rather than working, I mean working in a company, which is better for you?

Farming will be more profitable for me

More than…

Working in the company.

Do you support or reject the new capital city?

I am refusing it.

Many fishermen refuse this project.

What are we going to do if nature is already destroyed?

This is the only way we can survive as a fisherman.

But again, have you ever been asked for agreement

or not with this IKN plan?

Not yet.

Just now we are asked this question. Many other fishermen have never been asked about it.

So, the fishermen refuse it, right?

Yes.

Do you agree with this IKN project here?

No, I highly disagree.

Why?

Yes, damaging the animal's existence.

What is your hope for this IKN?

I hope it gets canceled.

We have been lost.

Maybe our grandchild

will face the same fate as Betawi people, sleeping under the bridge,

collecting the scraps.

Just be a watcher in their own hometown…