Research - How to Construct your Interview Guide Questionnaire
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses the construction of interview guide questions for qualitative research. It starts by explaining the concept of validity in research and emphasizes the importance of aligning questions with research objectives. The lecturer outlines key guidelines for creating effective interview questions, such as using open-ended, clear, and participant-friendly language. The types of questions, including direct, indirect, probing, and follow-up, are explored, followed by a step-by-step process for developing a structured interview guide. The session concludes with practical examples and a sample framework to aid students in crafting their own questions.
Takeaways
- 📝 The lecture focuses on creating interview guide questions specifically for qualitative research, as different guidelines apply to quantitative research.
- 🔑 Validity is crucial in research. The interview guide must reflect the research questions and ensure the collected data aligns with the study's scope.
- ❓ Interview questions should be open-ended to allow for detailed responses and deeper insights from participants, avoiding yes or no answers.
- 📊 The language and terminology used in interview questions must be adjusted to fit the participants' profile, especially when dealing with specialized fields.
- 🚶 The flow of interview questions should start with general questions and progress to more specific ones for a logical and coherent discussion.
- 👥 It's important to establish rapport with participants by starting with warm-up questions before diving into more serious topics.
- ⚖️ Probing and follow-up questions are essential for extracting more detailed responses, especially when participants provide brief answers.
- 📌 The six major types of questions include direct, indirect, follow-up, probing, specifying, and interpretive, each serving a unique role in the interview process.
- 📝 When writing an interview guide, begin by creating a table that connects research questions to main interview questions and follow-up questions.
- 🔍 The final step is to have an expert validate your interview guide questions to ensure they meet the necessary research standards.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of the video lecture?
-The primary focus of the video lecture is on constructing interview guide questions for qualitative research.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research when constructing interview guide questions?
-In qualitative research, interview guide questions are open-ended and exploratory, aimed at gathering in-depth data. In contrast, quantitative research follows different guidelines, often focusing on measurable and closed-ended questions.
What is 'validity' in the context of constructing interview guide questions?
-Validity refers to the accuracy of the interview guide questions, ensuring that they measure what they are supposed to measure and align with the scope of the research and its objectives.
Why should interview guide questions be open-ended?
-Open-ended questions are encouraged because they require detailed responses from participants, helping researchers gather richer and more descriptive data, unlike yes-or-no questions.
What are some guidelines to consider when writing interview guide questions?
-Key guidelines include making questions open-ended, developing them based on the study's major areas, arranging them from general to specific, adjusting language to fit participants, and including how and why questions to encourage detailed answers.
How should the language of interview guide questions be adjusted for participants?
-The language should be adjusted based on the participants' comprehension. For instance, if participants are more comfortable speaking in a different language or dialect, the questions should be adapted accordingly to ensure clarity and understanding.
What is the purpose of warm-up questions in an interview guide?
-Warm-up questions help establish rapport with participants and make them feel more comfortable before delving into the main, more complex questions.
What are the six major types of interview guide questions mentioned in the video?
-The six major types of questions are direct, indirect, follow-up, probing, specifying, and interpretive questions, each serving different purposes in gathering detailed information from participants.
What is the importance of probing questions in qualitative interviews?
-Probing questions are crucial for extracting more detailed information when participants provide brief or incomplete answers. They encourage further explanation and help clarify the participant's response.
What is the final step in constructing interview guide questions according to the video?
-The final step is having an expert in the field validate the interview guide questions to ensure they are appropriate, accurate, and aligned with the research objectives.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Interview Guide Construction for Qualitative Research
The instructor introduces the topic of constructing interview guide questions, specifically for qualitative research. He emphasizes that these guidelines differ from those for quantitative research. The video will cover validity, writing interview guide questions, and the steps required. Validity is discussed as the accuracy of an assessment tool, indicating that questions should align with the research objectives. He explains that the questions must correspond to the experiences of the participants relevant to the study and discusses the importance of grounding them on research questions, which should be consistently referred to throughout the process.
📝 Guidelines for Constructing Interview Guide Questions
The instructor details essential guidelines for creating interview guide questions. He stresses the importance of using open-ended questions that require comprehensive answers and developing questions around the study’s major areas, aligning them with research questions. Questions should follow a logical flow from general to specific and use language suited to participants’ profiles, considering their comfort and understanding. How and why questions are recommended, while yes-or-no questions should be avoided. He also suggests using warm-up questions to build rapport and ending with a closure question to indicate the session is concluding.
🔍 Types of Interview Guide Questions
Six major types of questions are introduced: direct, indirect, follow-up, probing, specifying, and interpretive questions. The instructor explains each type with examples. Direct questions target specific issues, while indirect ones address broader perceptions. Follow-up and probing questions are used to obtain additional details or clarification, and specifying questions ask participants to elaborate on their responses. Interpretive questions involve rephrasing statements to validate understanding. The importance of combining different types to gather more comprehensive data and insights during the interview is highlighted.
📋 Steps for Writing Interview Guide Questions
The instructor outlines four key steps: 1) Create a table listing research questions, main interview guide questions, and probing questions. 2) Formulate main questions based on the research questions. 3) Arrange main questions in a logical sequence, from general to specific. 4) Create probing questions as necessary. Probing questions are emphasized as optional, used to elicit more detailed responses if the initial answers lack depth. The final step involves seeking validation from an expert in the research field to ensure the questions are appropriate.
💡 Sample Interview Guide and Conclusion
A sample interview guide is provided to illustrate the relationship between research questions, main interview questions, and probing questions. Using a hypothetical research question about the lived experiences of disaster volunteers, the instructor creates corresponding main and probing questions to demonstrate the alignment required. He concludes by reviewing the key points covered: validity, guidelines for creating questions, steps for writing them, and the different types of questions. The video ends with a message encouraging viewers to use the provided guidelines to create effective interview guides.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Validity
💡Open-ended Questions
💡Research Questions
💡Probing Questions
💡General to Specific
💡Warm-up Questions
💡Lived Experiences
💡Jargon
💡Follow-up Questions
💡Closure
Highlights
Introduction to constructing an interview guide for qualitative research, focusing on the validity and organization of questions.
Emphasis on the difference between qualitative and quantitative research guidelines for interview questions.
Validity in qualitative research ensures that the interview guide questions are aligned with the research questions and study scope.
Qualitative research questions should be open-ended to encourage detailed responses rather than simple 'yes' or 'no' answers.
Structure your interview questions from general to specific to maintain a logical flow and coherence.
Adjust the language and wording of interview questions based on participants' profiles, ensuring comprehensibility.
Use 'how' and 'why' questions to facilitate deeper exploration of participant experiences and perspectives.
Establish rapport with participants by using warm-up questions before delving into the main research questions.
Ensure that final interview questions provide a sense of closure, indicating the end of the session.
Types of questions include direct, indirect, follow-up, probing, specifying, and interpretive questions.
Probing and follow-up questions should be prepared in advance to encourage participants to provide more in-depth answers.
Steps in creating an interview guide include starting with a table that aligns research questions with interview and probing questions.
Main interview guide questions should be formulated based on research questions and arranged from general to specific.
It is recommended to validate your interview guide questions with an expert in the field of your research.
Sample breakdown of a research question, main interview question, and probing question demonstrates the interconnectedness of these components.
Review of the discussed topics: validity, guidelines, steps in writing research questions, types of questions, and a sample question breakdown.
Transcripts
boring students once again welcome to
yet another episode of my online video
lectures and for today we are going to
talk about the next step of your
research writing process which is the
construction of your interview guide
questions now to begin its how to
construct an interview guide before we
delve into the details of the
preparation of your interview guide
questions please take note that these
questions are for qualitative research
purposes only for quantitative research
questions there is a different set of
guidelines that will have to be met by
the researchers so this is me coming
from a qualitative research standpoint
to begin let's give an overall structure
as to what we will be discussing in
today's video okay its first we are
going to talk about validity this one is
validity both in assessment and in
research and next we are going to
proceed to the writing of the interview
guide questions subdivided into the
guidelines the types of questions that
you can ask and the steps that you will
have to take in constructing these
interview guide questions okay let's
begin now whenever you construct a set
of questions there is an overarching
concept called validity now in research
validity is mostly used in quantitative
research but validity is a very common
thing it's even used in the field of
education now to start the discussion of
validity
according to T CIT USF dot e-d-u
validity refers to the accuracy of the
assessment or in this case your
interview guide and it should measure
what it is supposed to measure now in
the context of your qualitative research
this means that your interview guide
questions must somehow resemble the the
data that you
to collect from your participants based
from the direction that you want your
research to take now in in that light
okay so the validity of the interview
guide means that your interview guide
questions must cover the scope of your
research questions and the scope of your
study if you're going to study about the
experiences of disaster volunteers then
your questions have to correspond to
those experiences you cannot ask them
questions which are not related to the
scope of your study now please take note
that in this particular document I
underlined must and I made mention of
the scope of the research questions now
if you may remember in my previous
videos I mentioned that your interview
guide questions and your RRL teams are
all grounded on your research questions
which is important because again there
is a relationship among the research
questions the research the the
RRL teams and the interview guide or
dfgd questions that you are going to be
creating so as you can see this is the
relationship that they share everything
is anchored on these research questions
and as such I think that it is just
right that these interview guide and FGD
questions have to come from the research
questions and I will be explaining that
later in this video so the next question
is how or what are the guidelines what
are the what are the standards that have
to be met when you begin writing your
interview guide questions now the next
the the next stipulations
facts concepts that I will be presenting
to you are taken from an online source
these are not my personal opinions
although these are the guidelines that I
feel strongly about these these are the
guidelines that I follow as well when I
teach my students how to write interview
guide questions so these are the
guidelines first please make sure that
when you create research questions your
interview guide questions these have to
be open-ended questions now sir what are
on open-ended questions open-ended
questions are questions that are not
answerable by yes or no okay so these
are questions which require long answers
lengthy responses next develop questions
within the studies major areas so you
can see I underlined major areas now
what are these major areas your research
questions now as I said I will be
explaining the relationship later on but
my my suggestion is already surfacing
right here that you have to develop the
questions within the major areas of your
research number three questions must be
arranged from general to specific we
cannot keep jumping from specific
experiences to general perceptions back
to specific experiences so on and so
forth this is not this is not a to and
fro of general to specific specific to
general no this is a logical flow of
questions arranged from general to
specific next
make sure that you are also going to
adjust the language or the words to fit
the profile of your participants okay
sir what's the difference difference
language and words are most likely the
same language means if your participants
are not able to comprehend English very
well you might want to adjust the
language if they feel more comfortable
talking to you in in Filipino or in the
vernacular then by all means do so next
you have to adjust the words you cannot
use the same words for different
participants this is most applicable
when when you are conducting a multiple
case study why the words may not be
applicable to all of your participants
especially when these participants come
from different fields this pertains to
jargon specialized languages specialized
words or terms that only these people
use but not for other people okay so for
you for example in the case of doctors
they have jargons in the case of
engineers they have jargons you cannot
use the same words that you would ask an
engineer and then use them to ask the
people in the medical field next in
order for you to ensure question number
one of open-ended questions this is just
a suggestion of this of the site you
might want to ask how questions or
emphasize on how questions and maybe
some why questions but with very little
emphasis
okay so prioritize this type of
questioning and then this type of
question okay why because these are the
questions that demand long answers these
are the questions which require your
participants to give you more details
as opposed to simply asking them
yes-or-no questions are you a disaster
volunteer yes it's a total waste of time
okay so ask how and why questions or
maybe questions that resemble how or a
why question next okay
number six is very important you have to
establish rapport with your participants
by asking warm-up questions you don't
dive into a serious line of questioning
right there and there okay
you can ask them warm-up questions which
will help them feel more comfortable
with you as an interviewer and last but
not the least the final question may
look into a sense of closure okay there
might be a hanging question sir what
happened to what questions or who
questions these questions may be asked
nearing the end of your interview or as
a follow-up question but never the main
question okay so the last question the
in your interview could look into a
sense of closure to signal that you are
nearing the end of your interview
session okay so these questions come
from sociology that FAS that Harvard
that I do and these are also the
guidelines that I follow in teaching my
students how to create interview guide
questions okay so moving on we have
validity we have discussed validity we
have begun discussing the construction
of your interview guide questions
focusing on the guidelines now we move
on to the types of questions okay so
there are so many different types of
questions that you can ask I focused on
the six major types of questions that I
feel are applicable especially for you
guys who are still in the senior high
school level first would be the direct
questions and as you can see I gave an
example okay an example of a direct
question would be do you
and do you still feel happy when serving
customers this is a question that
attacks the phenomenon directly it
attacks an issue directly sir this
question demands this question may not
have a lengthy answer yes but it will
allow your participants to explain their
answers to this question okay so do you
feel do you still feel happy when
serving customers yes and then an
explanation second you have your
indirect questions okay how how do most
students perceive the use of blackboard
or the learning management system this
is a question that is indirect because
we are not moving for a specific answer
no we are we are gunning for answers or
valid answers from your participants as
you can see it simply deals with
perception okay so there is a number of
possibilities of perceptions that they
may have about a particular phenomenon
okay particular phenomena third you have
follow-up questions could you give
examples or scenarios that that pertain
to your main problem okay so these are
types of questions which follow the main
questions as you can see they are simply
follow-up questions number four you have
probing why do you perceive it that way
okay so these types of questions usually
follow the main questions right here
okay so you don't ask these as main
questions again they are probing
questions which means if your
participants do not give you a well
substantiate and answer you ask these
probing questions for you to get
or for you to extract more details and
data from your participants now down to
the last to the fifth example would be
specifying questions okay from the word
itself it it asks your participants to
specify their answers what was your
initial reaction okay we are going for a
specific reaction a specific response
and last but not the least we have
interpretive interpreting okay so
interpreting questions are clarified or
questions this is you rephrasing their
statements okay so is it safe to say
that living alone has taught you
independence
this approach is interpretive because
you have your own interpretation to
their statements a and let's say hi to
sorry G good okay so note you may have
direct and indirect questions as your
main questions and then the other forms
of questions will act as your supporting
questions or your probing questions in
the long run okay so down to the last
portion of the discussion what are the
steps in writing your interview guide
questions
chara okay step one for me I always
start by creating a table in that table
I place the research question the main
interview guide sessions and the probing
or the follow-up questions now going
back to my initial statement that there
is a relationship between or among the
research questions there are L themes
and your your interview guide question
goodbye sir agh this is the perfect
example of that relationship since all
the questions are anchored on the
research questions as you can see here
you always begin by indicating your
research question and the interview
guide questions which are under that
main research question okay and followed
by the different probing question
questions for every interview guide
question that you have in column number
will this be the format of your
interview guide questionnaire probably
not this is just a way for you to begin
composing your interview guide questions
step number two you formulate your main
interview guide questions based on the
research question step three you arrange
the main interview guide questions from
general to specific following the
guidelines I gave a while ago and step
four you are going to formulate possible
probing questions or follow-up questions
for every main interview guide question
that you are going to have sir why is
possible underline it is underlined
because again as I said these probing
questions are there just in case your
participants do not give you a well
substantiated response there are
participants who are worthy who are able
to explain their thoughts their
experiences their narrations in great
detail but there are also participants
who do not give you lengthy responses
they will just give you a snippet of
their their actual response and then
stop that is the reason why you should
have probing questions so that if they
do give you a short response you can ask
the follow-up questions in order for
them to give you more and
now we go to the last step the last step
is to secure or to look for someone who
can validate your question or your
question make sure that this person is
an expert and not necessarily your
classmate or your teacher okay this is
an expert in the field that you are
trying to pursue to end this video allow
me to give you a sample because I just
love samples I'll give you a sample of
the relationship or or a sample
breakdown of a research question a main
interview question and a sample or a
possible probing question one one of you
guys may be one group might find this
question to be or this sample to be
helpful
example research question number one
what are the lived experiences of
disaster volunteers in Davao City or
maybe you can change the city if you're
conducting a study in Cebu and you want
to know the disaster well the lived
experiences of disaster volunteers in
your area then you might want to end it
this one okay now from this research
question I give one sample interview
guide question could you tell me the
story of how you became a disaster
volunteer okay so this way they are
going to tell you the story again we're
looking at the lived experiences and
since we are going for the lived
experience your question in your
interview guide must help you get a
picture of that experience that's why we
started with a general concept of how
they became a disaster volunteer okay
now possible probing question
was there a specific person or event
that or who pushed you to become or to
decide to become to to answer this
colleague it was by then they are going
to tell you what specific events or
which specific people influenced them to
become a disaster volunteer again that
is just a sample and your line of
questioning may vary depending on the
requirement of your research question
and your study as a whole so to give you
a sort of review we discussed validity
and how it is applied in the concept of
constructing research questions or
interview guide questions second I gave
you the guidelines in writing research
interview guide questions third I gave
you your steps in writing your research
interview questions and finally I also
gave you the types of questions that you
might want to ask in your interview
guide questionnaire we ended with a
sample of the relationship between and
among the research question the
interview guide question and the probing
questions which I have discussed earlier
in this video so that would be all I
hope that this video again was helpful
to you guys this is Sirdar class
dismissed
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