Jakarta's Future in Sustainable Housing | Indonesia | FES Asia

Summary

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, faces rapid urbanization and land subsidence, with predictions of sinking by 2050 due to climate change. Historical urban planning has been inconsistent, leading to informal settlements and inadequate housing for the vulnerable. The government is now engaging residents in developing areas like Kampung Akuarium, aiming for sustainable housing and green spaces. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for better urban planning, emphasizing clean water, sanitation, and community participation in creating a healthier, more sustainable city.

Takeaways

• 🏙️ Jakarta is experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to a densely populated city with significant challenges.
• 🌊 The city is sinking at a rate of up to 7.8 cm per year due to excessive groundwater extraction and the intrusion of seawater.
• 🌡️ Climate change is exacerbating the problem, with rising sea levels threatening to submerge Jakarta by 2050.
• 🏛️ Historical urban planning in Jakarta has been inconsistent, with different approaches from colonial times to the present.
• 🏘️ There is a persistent dichotomy between formal and informal settlements, with informal areas often being overlooked in planning.
• 🌳 The high cost of land and land injustice have led to the neglect of housing needs and a lack of green spaces in the city.
• 🏡 The government is now actively involving residents in the development of areas previously deemed unsuitable for habitation, like Kampung Akuarium.
• 🌿 The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of proper housing and sanitation, with many Jakartans living in cramped conditions.
• 🚰 Clean water and sanitation are significant issues, with many water sources contaminated by household waste.
• 🌱 Only 14.9% of Jakarta is green open space, far below the ideal 30% for a healthy city.
• 🌳 The city needs better urban planning, with a focus on providing clean water, sanitation, and green spaces.
• 🏗️ Involving residents in the planning process is crucial for creating sustainable and healthy housing solutions.

Q & A

Why is Jakarta predicted to sink by 2050?

Jakarta is predicted to sink by 2050 due to rapid urbanization, excessive groundwater extraction, and the impact of global warming causing sea levels to rise.

What is the historical impact of urban planning in Jakarta?

Historical urban planning in Jakarta has been marked by a lack of continuity and a dichotomy between formal and informal structures, leading to issues such as land injustice and inadequate housing.

How does the informal sector affect Jakarta's urban planning?

The informal sector often leads to the occupation of vulnerable areas such as riverbanks and coastal areas, which are considered slums or illegal settlements, despite being a result of poor urban planning.

What is the Kampung Akuarium project in Jakarta?

Kampung Akuarium is a community development project in Penjaringan, North Jakarta, which began in August 2020, aiming to involve residents in transforming their neighborhoods into areas with green spaces and public facilities.

What is the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to Jakarta's urban planning?

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of good and healthy urban planning, especially in densely populated areas, emphasizing the need for clean water, sanitation, and green spaces.

What is the current state of green spaces in Jakarta?

Jakarta currently has only 14.9% green open spaces, which is far below the ideal of at least 30% for a city.

How does the lack of proper housing affect the vulnerable groups in Jakarta?

The lack of proper housing affects vulnerable groups by forcing them to live in risky areas, often leading to poor living conditions and a lack of access to basic services.

What role does community participation play in Jakarta's urban development?

Community participation is crucial in Jakarta's urban development as it empowers residents, especially the economically weak, to be active decision-makers in improving their living conditions.

What are the key elements of sustainable urban planning for Jakarta?

Key elements of sustainable urban planning for Jakarta include providing good infrastructure, ensuring clean water and sanitation, creating green spaces, and integrating community participation.

How can Jakarta's urban planning be more ecologically friendly?

Jakarta's urban planning can be more ecologically friendly by focusing on sustainable policies, creating walkable neighborhoods, and reducing carbon footprints.

What is the 'five-minute walk' rule mentioned in the script?

The 'five-minute walk' rule is a guideline suggesting that all essential services and facilities should be within a five-minute walking distance to create a livable and sustainable city.

Outlines

00:00

🌊 Jakarta's Urban Challenges

The script discusses Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, as a densely populated city facing rapid urbanization since the 1970s. This has led to a significant increase in skyscrapers, causing a substantial drawdown of groundwater, leading to land subsidence at a rate of 7-8 cm per year. The situation is exacerbated by rising sea levels due to global warming, with predictions that Jakarta could be submerged by 2050. Historically, Jakarta has seen various approaches to urban development from pre-colonial times to the present, with each era having different impacts on city planning. There has been a consistent dichotomy between formal and informal structures, with the city's development often favoring skyscrapers and educational centers over residential areas and green spaces. This has resulted in high land prices and injustice in land acquisition. The government's focus has been on housing as a sectoral issue rather than a basic human right, leading to inadequate housing strategies and forced evictions. Nearly half of Jakarta's area is deemed unsuitable for habitation, and the city's poor planning has left vulnerable groups, often residing in riverbanks and coastal areas, in informal and illegal settlements.

05:00

🏗️ Prioritizing Sustainable Urban Development

The second paragraph emphasizes the need for good infrastructure and clean water as a foundation for healthy urban development, especially in densely populated areas. It suggests that land consolidation, such as combining several houses into one row house, could free up space for green areas. The script highlights the importance of community participation in transforming neighborhoods, with the government prioritizing housing for the lower and middle classes. It also stresses the need to empower vulnerable groups to become decision-makers in improving their living conditions. The script advocates for a shift towards ecological urban development with sustainable policies and planning that focus on a five-minute walking radius for all amenities. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of active community involvement in the development process, especially for those in the lower strata of society, to ensure that housing development is integrated with environmental considerations, making the city more resilient to ecological crises, economic downturns, and pandemic situations.

Keywords

💡Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to rapid growth in city populations. In the context of the video, Jakarta has experienced high urbanization since the 1970s, resulting in a densely populated city. This rapid urbanization has led to the construction of skyscrapers and significant groundwater extraction, contributing to land subsidence and the intrusion of seawater into the land.

💡Land Subsidence

Land subsidence is the sinking or settling of the Earth's surface due to natural processes or human activities, such as excessive groundwater extraction. The video mentions that Jakarta is experiencing land subsidence at a rate of seven to eight centimeters per year, which, combined with the rise in sea levels due to global warming, threatens to submerge the city by 2050.

💡Formal and Informal Urban Dichotomy

This concept refers to the division between formal city planning and informal settlements. The video discusses how Jakarta has a history of alternating between formal and informal approaches to urban development, leading to a dichotomy where formal buildings and informal settlements like kampungs coexist. This dichotomy is a consistent feature throughout Jakarta's history and affects the city's planning and development.

💡Environmental Disaster

An environmental disaster is a catastrophic event caused by natural or human-induced processes that damage the environment. The video script predicts that Jakarta could face an environmental disaster by 2050 if current trends of urbanization and land subsidence continue. The disaster would be characterized by the city's sinking due to land subsidence and rising sea levels.

💡Housing Sector

The housing sector pertains to the provision of residential buildings and the policies that govern them. The video highlights that housing in Jakarta has been treated as a sectoral issue rather than a basic human right, leading to inadequate housing strategies and a focus on financing and construction units rather than preventing displacement.

💡Kampung

A Kampung is a traditional Indonesian settlement, often an informal urban village. The video mentions Kampung Akuarium, a community in North Jakarta, as an example of active community participation in transforming an area from 'not suitable for living' to a more livable and healthy community with green spaces and public facilities.

💡Participation

Participation in the video refers to the active involvement of community members in decision-making and development processes. It is highlighted as a key factor in the transformation of Kampung Akuarium, where community involvement led to the creation of green spaces and public facilities, improving the living conditions of the residents.

💡Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is mentioned as a significant event that has affected Jakarta, contributing to the city's high case numbers. The pandemic has underscored the importance of good housing and sanitation, as many Jakarta residents live in cramped conditions with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities.

💡Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The video calls for a shift towards more sustainable urban planning and development in Jakarta, emphasizing the need for policies that are environmentally friendly and consider the long-term health of the city and its residents.

💡Ecological Crisis

An ecological crisis refers to a situation where the environment is severely damaged, often due to human activity. The video discusses Jakarta's ecological crisis, which includes land subsidence, rising sea levels, and inadequate housing and sanitation, all of which are exacerbated by rapid urbanization and poor city planning.

💡Social and Ecological Transition

The concept of a social and ecological transition refers to the shift towards a society that is more equitable and environmentally sustainable. The video suggests that Jakarta should aim for such a transition, starting with improving the living conditions of the most vulnerable populations and ensuring that housing development is integrated with environmental considerations.

Highlights

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with the highest population density.

High urbanization rates have led to rapid population growth in Jakarta since the 1970s.

Rapid construction of skyscrapers and excessive groundwater extraction have caused land subsidence.

Land subsidence in Jakarta is as high as seven to eight centimeters per year.

Seawater intrusion is moving further inland due to land subsidence and global warming.

Jakarta is predicted to sink by the year 2050 due to ecological disasters.

Jakarta's ecological issues are deeply rooted in its historical urban development.

Different periods of Jakarta's history have had varying approaches to urban development.

Throughout history, Jakarta has consistently experienced a dichotomy between formal and informal urban structures.

High land prices due to land injustice have led to the expansion of high-rise buildings.

Education centers have shifted, affecting the allocation of land for housing and green spaces.

The housing issue in Jakarta has been treated as a sectoral problem rather than a basic human right.

Housing has always been a plan but never a strategy for fulfilling basic rights.

Nearly half of Jakarta's area is considered unsuitable for habitation according to the National Land Agency.

The government of DKI Jakarta is now building unsuitable areas with active community participation.

Kampung Akuarium is an example of community-involved development in North Jakarta.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of good and healthy housing planning, especially in densely populated areas.

Nearly one-third of Jakarta's population still lives in less than 1.5 square meters per capita.

Sanitation is a problem in Jakarta due to the proximity of water sources to household waste streams.

Only 14.9% of Jakarta's area is green open space, far below the ideal 30%.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for good housing planning and infrastructure.

The government of Jakarta should prioritize building housing for the lower and middle classes and involve the community actively.

Jakarta must transition to a more sustainable and ecological development pattern.

The participation of all stakeholders in the housing development process is crucial for a sustainable city.

Active involvement of the community, especially the most vulnerable, is essential for sustainable development.

Transcripts

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Hai sebagai ibukota negara Jakarta

merupakan kota dengan penduduk terpadat

di Indonesia tingginya arus urbanisasi

ke Jakarta sejak tahun 1970-an membuat

pertambahan penduduk meningkat begitu

pesat pembangunan gedung-gedung pencakar

langit serta pengambilan air tanah dalam

jumlah besar menyebabkan penurunan batas

permukaan tanah yang mencapai tujuh

setengah sentimeter per tahunnya intrusi

air laut pun semakin jauh ke daratan ini

semua diperburuk dengan naiknya

permukaan air laut akibat pemanasan

global sehingga kota Jakarta diprediksi

akan tenggelam pada tahun 2050 bencana

ekologis yang melimpah Jakarta saat ini

juga tidak terlepas dari sejarah

pembangunan kota Jakarta dan para

penguasanya mulai dari periode Pra

kolonial kolonial orde lama orde

itu hingga kini orde reformasi

masing-masing memiliki pendekatan

pembangunan yang berbeda akibatnya

perencanaan tata kota hampir tidak

pernah berkesinambungan yang menarik

dari ratusan sejarah Jakarta memang ada

kecenderungan Dimas atau tentu pemimpin

siapapun di masa tersebut itu berusaha

menghancurkan lapisan sejarah yang yang

ditaklukan sebelumnya tapi saya rasa ada

satu yang terus-menerus konsisten gitu

dari siapapun apapun lehernya yaitu

dikotomi antara formal dan informal jadi

mau apapun lahirnya dikotomi antara

bangunan formal dan kampung itu selalu

ada gitu di masa apapun itu mahalnya

harga tanah akibat ketidakadilan dalam

penguasaan lahan ekspansi gedung-gedung

bertingkat dan pusat perbelajaan

menggeser berbagai lahan yang seharusnya

bisa dialokasikan menjadi Perumahan dan

ruang terbuka hijau

Hai hal ini berdampak buruk bagi warga

Kota Jakarta terutama kelompok rentan

yang terpaksa menempati daerah aliran

sungai dan pesisir teluk Jakarta dan

yang seringkali dianggap kumuh ilegal

dan liar Padahal mereka adalah korban

dari perencanaan kota di sektor

perumahan yang sangat buruk selama ini

rumahan selalu dianggap sebagai isu

sektoral dan bukan sebagai pemenuhan hak

dasar maka hunian selalu menjadi rencana

kerja saja tapi dia tidak pernah menjadi

strategi pemenuhan hak dasar gitu gagal

dia sebenarnya hak asasi manusia karena

dia sebagai sektoral maka dia hanya

dipecahkan dari soal pembiayaan saja

lalu hanya dipecahkan dari Berapa jumlah

unit yang terbangun tapi tidak pernah

dipecahkan Bagaimana caranya mencegah

penggusuran contohnya

Hai data Badan Pertanahan Nasional

menyebutkan hampir separuh wilayah di

Jakarta masih tergolong tidak layak huni

di

Hai namun kini pemerintah DKI Jakarta

mulai membangun daerah-daerah tidak

layak huni dengan melibatkan partisipasi

aktif dari warga nya salah satunya

adalah Kampung akuarium yang terletak di

wilayah Penjaringan Jakarta Utara yang

pembangunannya mulai diimplementasikan

pada bulan Agustus 2020 di kampung

akuarium warga bisa berbagi mulai dari

ruang terbuka hijau fasilitas umum

hingga taman bermain dengan begitu

setiap bagian kampung bisa dimanfaatkan

secara maksimal untuk kepentingan

warganya pembangunan perkampungan yang

melibatkan partisipasi aktif warga

diharapkan dapat mewujudkan Hunian yang

layak dan sehat serta selaras dengan

kebutuhan modernitas dan lingkungan

hidup

Hai menyenangkan jika itu rezeki mungkin

tahun 2020 pandemi covert 19 merebak tak

terkecuali Indonesia dan Jakarta

merupakan penyumbang tertinggi kasus

covert 19 berdasarkan data BPS hampir

sepertiga penduduk Jakarta masih

menghuni lahan kurang dari tujuh

setengah meter persegi per kapitanya

kebersihan air dan sanitasi juga menjadi

masalah hal ini dikarenakan banyak

sumber air tanah yang berdekatan dengan

sumber aliran limbah rumah tangga

begitupun juga pembangunan ruang terbuka

hijau yang selama ini Abay dilakukan

oleh pemerintah kota Jakarta data

menunjukkan di Jakarta hanya ada 14,9

persen ruang terbuka hijau yang idealnya

setiap Kota setidaknya memiliki 30%

Hai berbahagia covert 19 menyadarkan

kita semua betapa pentingnya perencanaan

pembangunan perumahan yang baik dan

sehat terutama wilayah padat penduduk

pertama adalah yang harus dikelola

sebetulnya harus menyediakan

infrastruktur yang baik dulu ya Jadi ada

air bersih kemudian juga ada asal Unair

kotor jadi secara kesehatan dia baik

begitu kemudian ke satu persatu kita

bisa benahin dengan memberikan ruang

terbuka sebetulnya ada yang disebut

sebagai konsolidasi tanah misalnya

Menggabungkan beberapa rumah menjadi

satu rumah deret misalnya dan sisa

tanahnya itu digunakan untuk ruang

terbuka hijau jadi kesepakatan dari

warga itu boleh dikatakan prasyarat

utama untuk berubah dan mengubah lebih

baik lingkungan perumahannya itu menjadi

nomor satu jadi artinya kalau

memungkinkan bangunan

bangunan itu cukup padat tetapi punya

ruang terbuka di sekelilingnya

pembangunan perkampungan dan penyediaan

Perumahan bagi warganya terutama kelas

menengah kebawah dan pelibatan aktif

warganya harus menjadi prioritas

pemerintah kota Jakarta kalau misalnya

kita mau transisi ke abad sosial

ekologis yang lebih Lestari dan

sebagainya yang pertama kali kita target

adalah orang yang paling rentan ya orang

yang paling rentan itu biasanya orang

yang ekonominya lemah orang yang tinggal

di kawasan rawan blue ditingkatkan

kualitas hidupnya Thomas huniannya

mereka menjadi subyek bukan jadi objek

gitu Jadi mereka jadi pelaku perbaikan

juga jadi sampai sebegitu peran

partisipasi mereka gitu jadi enggak

enggak bisa menjadi cuma penerima aja

tapi mereka juga harus diberdayakan

untuk menjadi pengambil keputusan

paling penting gitu kota Jakarta harus

berubah ke pola pembangunan ekologis

yang lebih baik pendekatan perencanaan

kota pun harus mengarah pada kebijakan

yang lebih sustainable dan ramah

lingkungan semua terjangkau dalam jarak

tempuh lima menit jalan kaki ya kalau

rule of thumb semuanya ada begitu

mungkin complexity begitu ya atau

misterius gitu ya jadi kita coba ada

beberapa beberapa fungsi jadi dia dalam

satu never hurt Ya sudah bisa hidup dia

tidak perlu harus pergi ke tempat jauh

ya dari karbon print dari Seo dan

sebagainya Itu juga bisa menolong planet

bumi gitu ya pembangunan perumahan di

Jakarta haruslah diintegrasikan oleh

semua stakeholder keberpihakan pada

lingkungan hidup dalam proses

pembangunan Perumahan Kota menjadikan

kota lebih tahan terhadap bencana

ekologi krisis ekonomi dan mampu

beradaptasi pada situasi pandemi

seperti saat ini dan kunci dari semua

itu adalah partisipasi aktif dan

keterlibatan dalam proses pembangunan

dari setiap warganya terutama mereka

yang berada di lapisan terbawah

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