Public Policy Making in the Philippines

Summary

This video script discusses public policy making in the Philippines, defining policy as a framework guiding decisions in politics, economics, and business. It outlines the public policy system, detailing the process involving problem identification, influential players, and policy formulation. The script explains three types of public policies: regulatory, distributive, and redistributive. It also describes the stages of policy process, including agenda setting, policy formation, decision-making, implementation, and evaluation, emphasizing the complexity and multifaceted nature of public policy.

Takeaways

• 📝 Policy is defined as a decision-making framework or course of action to achieve a desired effect or change.
• 🌐 Public policy system refers to courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic, promulgated by a governmental entity.
• 🔍 Public policy making is a complex process involving many participants, aiming to address issues such as pollution, inflation, crime, and poverty.
• 🎯 The three parts to public policy making are problem identification, influential players, and the finalized policy itself.
• 🏛️ Regulatory policy limits actions to protect the public, distributive policy provides benefits using tax revenues, and redistributive policy reallocates resources among social groups.
• 📈 The policy process includes five stages: agenda setting, policy formation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation.
• 📋 Agenda setting involves identifying issues or problems and narrowing down to a decision agenda for policy makers to act upon.
• 🛠️ Policy implementation is where governments put the chosen public policy into effect, impacting the distribution of government goods and services.
• 🔄 Policy evaluation monitors the impact of the policy to determine if it's achieving the intended goal, which can lead to further policy changes.
• 🏢 Public policy is a combination of laws, regulations, actions, and other factors concerning a given topic, shaped by education, advocacy, and special interest groups.
• 👥 Policy makers include legislative branches such as the Senate and the House of Representatives, who are authorized to make laws.

Q & A

What is the definition of policy according to the script?

Policy is defined as a decision-making framework or course of action to achieve a desired effect or change. It is also a set of ideas or plans used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business.

How is public policy defined in the context of the script?

Public policy is defined as courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic, promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives.

What are the three parts to public policy making as outlined in the script?

The three parts to public policy making are problem, player, and policy. Problem refers to the issues needing to be addressed, player involves individuals or groups influential in forming a plan to address the problem, and policy is the finalized course of action decided upon by the government.

What are the three types of public policies mentioned in the script?

The three types of public policies mentioned are regulatory policy, distributive policy, and redistributive policy. Regulatory policy limits actions to protect the public, distributive policy provides benefits using tax revenues, and redistributive policy reallocates resources among social groups.

Can you describe the stages of the policy process as discussed in the script?

The stages of the policy process are agenda setting, policy formation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. These stages involve identifying issues, developing policy options, deciding on a course of action, putting the policy into effect, and monitoring its impact.

What is agenda setting in the context of public policy making?

Agenda setting is the first stage of the policy process where a problem or challenge impacting the public is identified, and solutions are proposed by interested parties.

How does policy implementation reflect the sentiments and values of the affected parties?

Policy implementation should impact the distribution of government goods and services or changes in how the government taxes the public in a way that reflects the sentiments and values of the affected parties.

What is the nature of public policy as described in the script?

Public policy is described as goal-oriented, the outcome of government's collective actions, and what the government actually decides or chooses to do. It is positive in that it depicts the government's concern and involves its actions to address a particular problem.

What is the scope of public policy according to the script?

The scope of public policy covers broad areas such as government laws, regulations, court decisions, and local ordinances, affecting all aspects of our lives.

Who are the policy makers as per the script?

The policy makers are the legislative branch, authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress, which is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.

What is the difference between a law and public policy as discussed in the script?

The main difference is that a law is a final decision or document made by the government after discussing policy for the welfare of society, while policy is an outline of governmental plans that can lead to new laws.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to Public Policy Making

This paragraph introduces the concept of public policy making in the Philippines. It starts by defining policy as a decision-making framework or course of action aimed at achieving desired effects or changes. Policies are implemented as procedures or protocols and are adopted by governance bodies within organizations. The paragraph then explains the public policy system, which includes courses of action, regulatory measures, and funding priorities concerning a specific topic, promulgated by governmental entities or their representatives. The discussion continues with the three parts of public policy making: problem identification, influential players, and the finalized policy itself. The types of public policies—regulatory, distributive, and redistributive—are also outlined, each with examples to illustrate their functions.

05:02

📈 Stages of the Policy Process

The second paragraph delves into the stages of the policy process, which are agenda setting, policy formation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. Agenda setting involves identifying issues or problems and solutions proposed by interested parties. It goes through systematic, institutional, discretionary, and decision agendas. Policy formation is about developing policy options within the government, with interested parties attempting to have their preferred solutions considered. Decision making is where government leaders choose a course of action to address the problem. Policy implementation is the execution of the chosen policy, impacting the distribution of government goods and services. Lastly, policy evaluation involves monitoring the policy's impact and determining if it meets its intended goals, which can lead to further policy adjustments.

10:04

🏛️ Policy Makers and the Nature of Public Policy

The final paragraph discusses who the policy makers are, highlighting the legislative branch's role in making laws through the Philippine Congress, which is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives. It differentiates between a law and public policy, explaining that while policies are documents outlining governmental plans, laws are final decisions or documents made by the government to serve societal welfare. The paragraph also describes the nature of public policy as goal-oriented, a result of collective government actions, and shaped over time by education, advocacy groups, and special interest groups. The scope of public policy is broad, encompassing government laws, regulations, court decisions, and local ordinances, affecting all aspects of life.

Keywords

💡Policy

Policy is defined as a decision-making framework or course of action aimed at achieving a desired effect or change. It serves as a set of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes, particularly in the realms of politics, economics, or business. In the context of the video, policy is central as it outlines the intentions and procedures implemented by governance bodies to address various societal issues.

💡Public Policy

Public policy refers to the courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic, promulgated by a governmental entity. It is what governments do or choose not to do about problems that require public action. The video discusses public policy as a critical aspect of governance, detailing how it is formed, implemented, and evaluated.

💡Problem

In the script, a problem is an issue or situation that reduces human need, creates deprivation, or dissatisfaction, for which relief or a solution is sought. Problems like pollution, inflation, crime, and poverty become eligible for public policy solutions when they are articulated by people demanding action. The video emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing problems as the first step in the public policy process.

💡Player

The term 'player' in the video refers to individuals or groups that are influential in forming a plan to address a problem. This includes people at various levels of government or decision-making institutions, such as international organizations, NGOs, and professional associations. Players are crucial in the policy-making process as they are involved in shaping the direction and content of policies.

💡Regulatory Policy

Regulatory policy is a type of public policy designed to limit the actions of persons or groups to protect the general public. It imposes limits on behavior and carries punitive sanctions for non-compliance, such as in the regulation of criminal activity, business practices, and consumer protection. The video mentions regulatory policy as a means to ensure safety and order within society.

💡Distributive Policy

Distributive policy is a form of government policy that uses tax revenues to provide benefits to individuals or groups through grants or subsidies. It benefits some people without a discernible cost to others and allocates government benefits without direct competition from other groups. Examples given in the video include agricultural subsidies and government-sponsored research.

💡Redistribution Policy

Redistribution policy involves taking taxes from certain groups and giving them to another group, making a deliberate reallocation of resources among social groups. This policy has clear winners and losers and is often associated with welfare, housing subsidies, progressive income tax, and Social Security. The video discusses this as a type of policy that addresses income inequality.

💡Policy Process

The policy process refers to the stages through which a policy is developed, implemented, and evaluated. The video outlines five stages: agenda setting, policy formation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. Understanding this process is essential for comprehending how public policies are shaped and how they impact society.

💡Agenda Setting

Agenda setting is the first stage of the policy process where a problem or challenge impacting the public is identified, and solutions are proposed by interested parties. The video describes different types of agendas, such as systematic, institutional, discretionary, and decision agendas, which help filter and prioritize issues for policy consideration.

💡Policy Makers

Policy makers are individuals or bodies responsible for creating and enacting policies. In the context of the video, they are primarily the legislative branch, including the Senate and the House of Representatives in the Philippines. They have the authority to make laws, alter, and repeal them, shaping the direction of public policy.

💡Law

A law, as contrasted with policy in the video, is a set standard, principle, or procedure that must be followed in society. It is a final decision or document made by the government after discussing policies for the welfare of society. Laws are the outcome of the policy process and carry the force of authority and enforcement.

Highlights

Definition of policy as a decision-making framework or course of action.

Policy as a set of ideas or plans used as a basis for making decisions in various fields.

Public policy system refers to courses of action and funding priorities concerning a given topic.

Public policy is what government does about a problem that comes before them for consideration and public action.

The three parts to public policy making: problem, player, and policy.

Problems are situations that reduce human need, deprivation, or dissatisfaction.

Players are influential individuals or groups involved in forming a plan to address the problem.

Policy is the finalized course of action decided upon by the government.

Types of public policies: regulatory, distributive, and redistributive.

Regulatory policy is designed to limit actions to protect the general public.

Distributive policy uses tax revenues to provide benefits to individuals or groups.

Redistributive policy involves the reallocation of resources among social groups.

Stages of policy process: agenda setting, policy formation, decision making, implementation, and evaluation.

Agenda setting involves identifying issues or problems that impact the public.

Policy formation is the development of policy options within the government.

Decision making is when government leaders decide on a particular course of action.

Policy implementation is putting the chosen public policy option into effect.

Policy evaluation is monitoring the impact of the policy and determining if it achieves the intended goal.

Public policy is a combination of laws, regulations, actions, and other factors concerning a given topic.

Public policies are goal-oriented and depict the government's concern and actions.

Scope of public policy covers government laws, regulations, court decisions, and local ordinances.

Policy makers include legislative branches such as the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Difference between a law and public policy: laws are final decisions made by the government, policies are outlines of plans.

Transcripts

[Music]

foreign

[Music]

and welcome back to sock003 Philippine

politics and governance

today in our sock003 we will be having

our discussion for module 20 and module

21. it's all about public policy making

in the Philippines

let's start by defining what is policy

policy is a decision-making framework or

course of action to achieve a desired

effect or change it is also a set of

ideas or plans that is used as a basis

for making decisions especially in

politics economics or business

policy is a deliberate system of

guidelines to guide decisions and

Achieve rational outcomes a policy is a

statement of intent and is implemented

as a procedure or protocol

policies are generally adopted by a

governance body within an organization

now let's go to public policy system

it refers to the courses of action

regulatory measures loss and funding

priorities concerning a given topic

promulgated by a governmental entity or

its Representatives

broadly we might say that a public

policy is simply what government that

includes any public official who

influences or determines public policy

including school officials City Council

Members or County Representatives or

supervisors and others thus or does not

do about a problem that comes before

them for consideration and public action

now let's have the three parts to public

policy making

public policy making is a complex

process that involves many participants

with different roles interests and

resources the study of public policy is

the study of who gets what why and what

difference it makes

first we have problem it refers to the

issue or issues that need to be

addressed

a problem is a situation that reduces a

human need deprivation or

dissatisfaction for which relief is

sought such as pollution inflation crime

poverty and others

however only those needs and wants that

are articulated by people demanding

action become problems eligible for

Public Policy Solutions

next we have player it involves

individual or group that is influential

in forming a plan to address the problem

in question

it involves individuals at some level of

government or decision-making

institution including but not limited to

International organizations

non-governmental agencies or

professional associations who have

responsibility for making

recommendations to others

and last we have policy policy is the

finalized course of action decided upon

by the government when open to

interpretation by NGO player and private

sector including church and cultural

institutions

it is a specific decision or set of

decisions designed to carry out such a

course of action

we have three types of public policies

namely regulatory policy distributive

policy and redistributive policy

first let's go to regulatory policy it

is designed to limit the actions of

persons or groups so as to protect the

general public or a substantial portion

of public

it is a policy that imposes limits on

the behavior of some identifiable groups

or individuals it carries punitive

sanctions for example

regulation of criminal activity business

activity access to public goods gun

control consumer protection and others

next is distributive policy

it is the most common form of government

policy it uses tax revenues to provide

benefits to individuals or groups by

means of Grants or subsidies

it is a policy that benefits some people

but at not discernible cost to others it

allocates government benefits to

individuals and groups it uses public

funds little direct competition or

Challenge from other groups for example

agricultural subsidies government

sponsored research and other River

improvements projects

lastly we have redistributive policy

it take taxes from certain groups and

give them to another group

it is a policy that makes a deliberate

reallocation of resources among

identifiable social groups they are

clearly identifiable winners and losers

power is really divided between Haves

and Have Nots

for example welfare housing subsidies

progressive income tax Social Security

and others

now let's talk about the stages of

policy process

there are five stages with regards to

policy process the first one is agenda

setting or identification of issues or

problems

in this first stage a problem or

challenge that impacts the public is

initially identified

Solutions are put forward by interested

parties both inside and outside of the

government

agenda setting typically goes through

these stages first a systematic agenda

it involves all issues public officials

feel are worth addressing

next is institutional agenda

these are distilled from the systematic

agenda list these issues are chosen as

the ones policy makers should analyze

and consider acting on

third is discretionary agenda

this list comes directly from lawmakers

not from the systematic and

institutional agendas and last is

decision agenda

the final list of issues that policy

makers will consider for action

foreign

policy formation

this step involves the development of

policy options within the government

this occurs after officials narrow the

range of possible policy choices by

excluding invisible options

in this step different interested

parties attempt to have their favorite

policy solution rank high among the

remaining options this step often

involves a period of intense debate

yeah

next is decision making

in this step government leaders decide

on a particular course of action ideally

it is the course that will best address

the problem for the most members of the

public

next is policy implementation

in this step of policy making process

governments put the chosen public policy

option into effect

officials used the tools of public

administration that impact the

distribution of government goods and

services or made changes and how the

government taxes the public

the change should reflect the sentiments

and values of the affected parties

lastly we have policy evaluation

interested parties both within and

without the government monitor the

impact of the policy and determine if it

is achieving the intended goal this can

lead to further changes in public policy

done in light of the impact of the

original policy

in reality the policy making process is

not typically so linear however these

five steps provide a framework to better

understand public policy formation and

help students identify the strengths and

weaknesses of the system

now let us know the nature of public

policy

public policy is said to be a

combination of laws regulations actions

policies and a lot of other factors

concerning a given topic the following

points will make the nature of public

policy more clear in your minds public

policies are goal oriented

public policy is the outcome of the

government's Collective actions

public policy is what the government

actually decides or chooses to do

public policy is positive in the sense

that it depicts the concern of the

government and involves its actions to a

particular problem on which the policy

is made

such public policies of a Nation are

shaped over time by education advocacy

groups and conflicting interests of

special interest groups

now what is the scope of public policy

it covers the broad area of government

laws regulations Court decisions and

local ordinances

today government affects all aspects of

Our Lives everyone has a stake in the

public policies enacted by federal state

and local governments

now who are the policy makers

the legislative branch is authorized to

make laws alter and repeal them through

the power vested in the Philippine

Congress this institution is divided

into the Senate and the House of

Representatives

now let us know what is the difference

between a law and public policy

policy also means what a government does

not intend to do it also involves the

principles that are needed for achieving

the goal

policies are only documents and not law

but these policies can lead to new laws

while a law or loss are set standards

principles and procedures that must be

followed in society

the main difference between law and

policy is that law is a final decision

or a document made by the government

after discussing the policy for the

welfare of society

the policy is an outline of governmental

plans