Lesson 4 Painting
Summary
TLDRThis lesson introduces painting, covering its definition, media, and various styles. It explains how pigments are applied to surfaces like wood, canvas, or paper, and the role of ground layers to protect these surfaces. The lecture explores four main types of paint—oil, acrylic, watercolor, and tempera—highlighting their unique characteristics. Additionally, it discusses different painting subjects, such as portraits, still life, landscapes, and religious art. The lesson concludes by outlining popular painting styles, including abstraction, Art Nouveau, Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pointillism.
Takeaways
- 🎨 Painting is the application of pigments to a surface (support) to create an image, design, or decoration.
- 🖌️ Common supports for painting include paper, wood, canvas, plaster, clay, and concrete.
- 🛡️ A 'ground' is applied to supports to create a non-absorbent layer between the surface and the paint.
- 🖼️ Oil paint is known for detail and contrast but takes a long time to dry and requires toxic thinners like turpentine.
- 💧 Acrylic paints are water-based, dry quickly, and are ideal for beginners, but they don’t blend as well as oils.
- 💦 Watercolor is inexpensive and dries quickly, but it’s difficult to master and hard to correct mistakes.
- 🥚 Tempera paint, often made with egg yolk, is long-lasting but requires multiple thin layers to achieve desired hues.
- 👤 Common painting subjects include portraits, real-life scenes, still life, landscapes, and religious imagery.
- ✨ Painting styles range from abstraction, art nouveau, and impressionism, to more emotional and distorted styles like expressionism.
- 🔲 Techniques like cubism (fragmented subjects) and surrealism (dream-like, symbolic visuals) offer unique artistic approaches.
Q & A
What is the definition of painting as explained in the script?
-Painting is the application of pigments to a support or surface to establish an image, design, or decoration. It refers to both the act of painting and the resulting output.
What are some of the different painting media mentioned, and how do they differ in their properties?
-The painting media mentioned include oil, acrylic, watercolor, and tempera. Oil paint takes a long time to dry and is best for detail and contrast, but requires turpentine for cleaning. Acrylics are water-based, fast-drying, and easy for beginners but harder to blend. Watercolor is affordable and dries quickly but is difficult to master. Tempera uses egg yolk or glue as a binder, dries quickly, and produces a smooth matte finish.
What is a 'support' in painting, and what is a 'ground'?
-A 'support' refers to the surface on which the paint is applied, such as paper, wood, or canvas. A 'ground' is a mixture of binder and powdered material like chalk, applied to the support to create a non-absorbent layer that protects it from damage.
How do oil paints differ from acrylic paints in terms of drying time and cleaning process?
-Oil paints take between six months to a year to dry, and they require turpentine for cleaning. Acrylic paints dry much faster and can be cleaned easily with water.
What are the disadvantages of using oil paints?
-Oil paints take a long time to dry, require toxic solvents like turpentine for cleaning, and can stain surfaces and clothing. They are also more expensive compared to other painting media.
What are the advantages and challenges of using watercolor paints?
-Watercolor paints are affordable, dry quickly, and offer good color saturation. However, they are difficult to master, and it is challenging to correct mistakes once the paint is applied.
What are the characteristics of tempera paint?
-Tempera paint uses a mixture of egg yolk or other binders, dries quickly, and produces a smooth matte finish. It is long-lasting but requires thin layers to achieve desired colors and is more time-consuming to work with.
What is abstraction in painting, and how does it simplify subjects?
-Abstraction is the reduction or simplification of subjects by omitting realistic details, focusing instead on primary shapes, colors, or forms. The imagery can be so simplified that it becomes non-objective.
What distinguishes Impressionism from Post-Impressionism?
-Impressionism is characterized by small, visible brushstrokes and bright colors, with a focus on capturing light and outdoor scenes. Post-Impressionism, on the other hand, features vivid colors, thick brush strokes, and often distorted forms, reflecting the emotional and psychological states of the artist.
What is Pointillism, and how is it applied in painting?
-Pointillism, also known as chromoluminarism, involves applying tiny dots of color to a surface. When viewed from a distance, these dots visually blend to form an image. It was developed by Georges Seurat.
Outlines
🎨 Introduction to Painting and Its Definition
The lecture begins with an introduction to the topic of painting, defining it as the application of pigments to a surface to create an image, design, or decoration. The speaker explains that while most painting involves liquid pigments applied with a brush, exceptions like Navajo sand painting and Tibetan mandala painting use powdered pigments. Painting, along with drawing and sculpture, is one of the oldest forms of creative media. The versatility of painting is highlighted, as it can be applied to various supports, including paper, wood, canvas, and concrete. A 'ground' is often applied to protect the support, creating a non-absorbent layer between the surface and the paint.
🖌️ Common Types of Paints and Their Properties
This section discusses four main types of paints: oil, acrylic, watercolor, and tempera. Oil paints are known for their permanence, ability to showcase detail, and contrast between light and dark, but they take a long time to dry and are toxic. Acrylic paints are water-based, making them easier to clean and ideal for beginners, though they are less durable than oil paints. Watercolor paints are affordable and vibrant but require special skill to master. Tempera, often referred to as 'egg tempera,' was widely used before oil paints and dries quickly, though it produces less vibrant colors and requires thin layers to build up the desired effect.
👤 Types of Paintings by Subject
Different types of paintings are categorized based on their subjects. These include portrait painting, which captures the likeness and personality of a person or animal; real-life painting, depicting active scenes such as street views or social gatherings; still-life painting, which portrays inanimate objects like flowers and musical instruments; and landscape painting, which represents outdoor scenes and often uses natural elements like land, water, and sunlight. Religious paintings express spiritual themes, and the speaker notes that one doesn't have to adhere to a particular religion to create a religious painting. Artists can explore various religious traditions and cultures in their work.
🎭 Painting Styles: Abstraction to Cubism
This paragraph delves into different painting styles. Abstraction involves the reduction of realistic details, with some artworks becoming non-objective. Art Nouveau features decorative flowing lines inspired by natural forms. Impressionism, associated with Monet, emphasizes visible brushstrokes and outdoor painting to capture sunlight's effects. Post-Impressionism, led by artists like Van Gogh, features vivid colors and emotional expression, though it often gets confused with Expressionism, which exaggerates and distorts subjects to show the darker side of human nature. Lastly, Cubism, both analytical and synthetic, breaks subjects into geometric forms and depicts them from multiple perspectives.
🌙 Surrealism and Pointillism Techniques
The final paragraph explores the surrealist and pointillist styles. Surrealism blends conscious and unconscious experiences to create dreamlike, fantastical images, often using symbolic or collage elements. Pointillism, developed by Georges Seurat, involves applying small dots or strokes of color that, from a distance, visually blend together to form an image. This method requires patience and precision to create a cohesive picture using tiny dots of pigment.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Painting
💡Support
💡Ground
💡Oil Paint
💡Acrylic Paint
💡Watercolor
💡Tempera
💡Portrait
💡Abstraction
💡Impressionism
Highlights
Definition of painting: the application of pigments to a surface to establish an image, design, or decoration.
Painting is one of the oldest creative media, used by cultures worldwide and applied to various surfaces like paper, wood, and canvas.
Ground: a mixture of binder and powdered material (often chalk) applied to a surface before painting to prevent damage to the support.
Different types of paint include oil, acrylic, watercolor, and tempera, each with its unique properties and applications.
Oil paints offer great detail and contrast but are expensive, take a long time to dry, and require toxic turpentine for cleaning.
Acrylic paints are water-based, quick-drying, and suitable for beginners but lack the longevity and blending capabilities of oil paints.
Watercolor paints are the least expensive but require advanced techniques for proper use and make it difficult to correct mistakes.
Tempera (egg tempera) uses egg yolks or other animal products and dries to a smooth matte finish but lacks the color depth of oils.
Portrait paintings capture the likeness, mood, and personality of a person or animal.
Still life paintings depict inanimate objects like flowers or instruments, focusing on shapes, light, and shadows.
Religious paintings portray sacred stories or express the artist’s faith, and can also include mythological or cultural subjects.
Abstraction in painting simplifies and reduces realistic detail to create a non-objective representation of a subject.
Impressionism focuses on small, visible brush strokes and the use of bright colors to capture the effects of light and movement.
Post-Impressionism shares characteristics with Impressionism but uses vivid colors, thick brush strokes, and emotional intensity.
Cubism involves fragmenting three-dimensional subjects and painting them from multiple perspectives simultaneously.
Transcripts
hello and welcome to Lesson Four
this lecture file will be all about
painting specifically the following will
be covered first the word painting will
be defined and it will be followed by a
few slides that contain basic points
about painting
and then next the types of subjects and
painting Styles will be discussed
painting is the application of pigments
to a support or Surface that establishes
an image design or decoration
in art the term painting describes both
the Act and the result or the output
most painting is created with pigment in
liquid form and apply it with a brush
but there are of course exemptions to
this for example in the Navajo tribe
sand painting and and in Tibet mandala
painting
uh in those two types of outposts or
paintings they use instead powdered
pigments instead of liquid pigments or
liquid paints
painting as a medium has survived for
thousands of years and is along with
drawing and sculpture one of the oldest
Creative Media it is used in some form
by cultures around the world
painting media are extremely versatile
because they can be applied to many
different supports okay again surfaces
are called supports including paper wood
canvas plaster clay and concrete
because paint is usually applied in a
liquid or semi liquid state it has this
ability to soak into
porous or absorbent material which can
over time of course weaken and damage
the support or the surface
in order to prevent this
usually a support is covered with a
so-called ground okay a ground is a
mixture of binder and a powdered
material often times a chalk that when
dry creates a non-absorbent or porous
layer between the Surface or the support
and the painted surface
okay so these are terms that you should
remember surfaces are code support while
the the cover that is a mixture of a
binder and a powder or use or a chalk is
called a ground
common painting
acrylic watercolor and tempera
oil panes are the most expensive and it
is also very permanent many famous
masterpieces dating from the Renaissance
onward are painted in oils they are also
best to use for demonstrating great
detail and the contrast between light
and dark however oil takes a very long
time to dry between six months to a
whole year
in addition oil must be removed from
brushes using turpentine and it is very
easy to stain your clothing and other
surfaces
in addition
most oil paint thinners and turpentines
are toxic and not particularly safe for
prolonged contact
next acrylics like oil are well suited
for detail but it is also
very easy to use so they are best for
beginners acrylics are also water-based
which means you would be needing
turpentines or thinners as they can be
cleaned from brushes using of course
water and it's very easy to remove them
from brushes
acrylic paint dries very quickly as well
and it is not however it is not easily
Blended unlike oils
acrylics are also not very lasting and
like oil they have only existed for
about 50 years
acrylics can contain various toxins
within their pigments as well
the third type is watercolor it is
generally the least expensive of the
three paints
more of the other paints it offers nice
color saturation and dries quickly
however
though it is simple in theory the
techniques in painting using watercolor
these techniques can be difficult to
master it takes a special talent and
lots of practice it is more difficult to
cover a mistake when you use watercolor
lastly we have tempura or tempura
tempera
it is also called egg tempera and it is
a method of painting that replaced oil
painting in the past
tempura employs a blend of water egg
yolks or whole eggs from time to time or
occasionally a little glue honey or milk
are also added
a layer of ground is usually applied to
a surface before painting tempera paint
or before using temper paint
and like oil paint tempura cannot be
applied too thickly and so it lacks the
Deep coloration of oils
but tempera paintings can be very long
unlike all oil paints which tend to
darken or lose color with age
tempra dries rapidly and when dry it
produces a smooth matte finish
one disadvantage of using tempera paint
is that it is time consuming because you
have to apply one at a time thin layers
in order to achieve your desired Hue or
desired shade
okay and another thing is that tempera
is is not vegan so you're using animal
by-products
queso there are many acrylic and oil
paints
Brands which are cruelty free so just
like makeup it would be best if we would
use
products for art which are cruelty free
so if you would choose among these
painting media I would recommend those
which would not require you to use
animal
products or animal by-products
and now so let's move on to the types of
painting according to subjects
okay the first type is a portrait a
portrait is an image of a person or an
animal
besides showing what someone looks like
a portrait often captures a mood or
personality
next we have real life type of painting
Real Life paintings capture scenes of
life in action
examples are a busy street a beach party
a dinner Gathering or any place where
living goes on
third a still life painting shows
objects such as flowers food or musical
instruments in short uh things that do
not move inanimate things which may be
placed on a surface
okay a still live painting reveals an
artist's skill in painting shapes light
and Shadow
next a landscape painting is an outdoor
scene
a landscape artist uses paint to create
not only land water and clouds but also
wind and sunlight or moonlight so if you
would create a landscaping saying it has
to be done of course outside but because
of the restrictions
that we have these days because of the
pandemic
it would be best if you could for
example simply take a picture of nature
or a picture of a place where nature is
abundant only if you would have the
opportunity to visit a new place if
you're
for example surroundings in your village
is
appealing the Naman you may also take a
picture of a certain spot for example in
your Clubhouse okay and then use the
photo as reference for your landscape
painting don't go too far okay so we
still have restrictions because of the
pandemic
the last type of painting according to
subject is a religious painting
a religious painting of course shares a
religious message it might portray a
sacred story or Express an artist's
faith however it may also be based on
mythology and lore
if you are a Christian it wouldn't
actually mean that you should be
choosing a subject
that is Christian for you to create a
religious painting okay for example you
are interested in the Buddhist tradition
or the Buddhist religion you may also
make use of Siddhartha Gautama a subject
for a religious painting
if you are interested for example in
the practices of the weekends
you may also choose or you may also
choose a subject from that particular
belief and portray that subject into
your religious painting okay so it it
wouldn't have to be based on your
religion okay you may also depict or you
may also paint a subject which is not
uh actually a part of your faith
next let's move on to the painting
styles
first we have the abstraction Style
when you use this style then you create
an abstract art or abstract painting
abstraction is the reduction or
simplification of seals or figures by
omitting realistic detail take note of
the words production simplification and
omitting so in short you remove you
reduce details and then you
depict the subject by means of for
example its primary colors
without adding the little details okay
a picture imagery may be so abstract
that it becomes
non-objective take a look at the example
that is actually an abstract painting of
a bamboo forest can you see the bamboo
forest from the abstract painting so
it's very reduced it's very simplified
it looks non-objective but it actually
is the subject actually is a bamboo
forest
you may look for examples online for you
to understand how abstraction works so
again take note of the words reduction
simplification omission
next Style We Have Art Nouveau do you
still remember this from the lecture
about the history of Western Art okay
art nouveau
it's named after an art movement
this style is decorative when you use
this style in painting you use utilize
flowing lines and organic forms lines
taking the form of flowers
stalks and buds Vine tendrils insect
wings and other delicate and curling
natural objects can you see those from
the example painting
okay the usual subjects of an art
nouveau painting are portraits or humans
and animals and landscapes
the next painting style is Impressionism
and it is from the art movement of the
same name impressionism is associated
with French artist Claude Monet
this particular painting style makes use
of lively and small thin visible brushed
Strokes
bright colors are also employed
and instead of painting inside a studio
an artist does the painting outside and
plant air in order to as well capture
the
effects of sunlight on the subject of
the painting okay the usual subjects are
Landscapes and real life scenes
the next artistic style is
post-impressionism it is also an art
movement
the well-known post-impressionist
painters were people who got inspired by
the impressionism movement this people
do not have one particular style in
painting but they share these common
characteristics Vivid colors thick brush
Strokes distorted forms and unnatural
color schemes their paintings are also
emotionally charged and their paintings
depict emotional depict emotional and
psychological states of their creators
the usual subject is a real life scene
both impressionist paintings are often
confused with expressionism for example
Vincent van Gogh is sometimes labeled as
an expressionist
artist but in reality
he is an he is a post-impressionist
artist
expressionists got inspired by Van
Gogh's depiction of his subjects by
means of showing through his paintings
as well his psychological and emotional
states okay that's why sometimes he is
confused with the expressionism movement
but he is a post-impressionist artist
okay so what's the difference between
post-impressionism and expressionism we
will see on the next slide
expressionism just like
post-impressionism
is an artistic style from an artistic
period okay it is characterized by
Distortion and exaggeration in order to
create an emotional effect so paintings
using this particular style just like in
the post-impressionist period
are emotionally charged as well but the
difference is that expressionist
paintings are are distorted they are
exaggerated in order to show the darker
side okay the darker side of human
nature
so expressionist paintings are distorted
they are exaggerated and emotional and
the purpose is to show the darker side
of human nature so you can see the
difference between this painting by
Edward Monk and
Vincent van Gogh okay the painting here
has exaggerated and violent colors that
show
the anxiety of the subject of the
painting okay and it doesn't look as
appealing as Vincent Van Gogh's were
Okay so
so that's it there's a difference
between expressionism and
post-impressionism Vincent van Gogh
is
under the post-impressionism movement
not expressionism okay
we are sometimes confused between the
two because paintings or artworks under
both periods are emotionally charged
expressionism though is more inclined
into showing the darker side of the
human psyche
the next style is cubism it is
non-objective and analytical
so in a Cubist painting
three-dimensional subjects are
fragmented and are painted from several
different points of view simultaneously
there are two types of cubism we have
analytical and synthetic
an analytical
Cubist painting
uses geometrical forms
and it's simple dark and monochromatic
synthetic cubes is more energetic okay
brighter colors are used and sometimes
materials
different materials are added
that forms a collage like output so if
you would choose this particular style
it's best to choose between analytical
and synthetic
the next art movement or artistic style
is surrealism it combines the conscious
and unconscious aspects of experience in
order to depict the world of dream and
fantasy it is irrational
okay so realistic art is characterized
by dream like visuals okay and the use
of symbolism and collage images
the last artistic style or rather
artistic technique painting technique is
pointillism it is also known as
chromoluminarism and it was developed by
George Shroff
do you still remember him from the
lecture from the previous lecture I hope
that you still remember him okay this
technique employs the use of a bunch of
tiny dots in order to make a picture
sometimes small Strokes that are akin to
dots are applied
to a surface so that from a distance
they visually blend together blend
together in order to make or form an
image
if you want to know more about the
points mentioned in this lecture you may
visit these websites
this is the end of Lesson Four
Weitere ähnliche Videos ansehen
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)