Nanofibers #nanotechnology #nanomaterials #nanotech

Summary

This video tutorial introduces nanofibers, a novel class of nanomaterials with unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, porosity, and mechanical strength. It delves into the electrospinning technique for fabricating nanofibers from various materials like polymers and ceramics. The video also discusses the influence of process parameters on fiber morphology and highlights the significant applications of nanofibers in biomedical fields, including wound dressing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential in promoting healing and tissue regeneration.

Takeaways

• 🌟 Nanofibers are a new class of nanomaterials with unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, small pore size, low density, and excellent mechanical properties.
• 📌 The special properties of nanofibers make them suitable for various applications including purification, energy, textile, and biomedical fields like tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery.
• 💡 Electrospinning is a common technique used for nanofiber fabrication, producing ultra-thin fibers from a variety of materials such as polymers, nano composites, and ceramics.
• 🔌 The electrospinning setup consists of a high voltage power supply, a syringe pump with a metal needle, and a conductive collector.
• 🔄 The process of electrospinning involves the formation of a Taylor cone and the emission of a charged jet, which leads to the formation of nanofibers as the solvent evaporates.
• ⚙️ Key process parameters in electrospinning include voltage, flow rate, type of collector, distance between the tip and collector, and the nature of the polymer solution, all of which affect the morphology of the resulting nanofibers.
• 🩹 In wound healing applications, nanofibers can be used to create mats for wound dressings that promote cell attachment, gas exchange, nutrient supply, and control of fluid loss, maintaining a moist environment at the wound site.
• 💊 Nanofibers are ideal for drug delivery systems due to their high loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and the ability to deliver various therapeutics simultaneously, with ease of operation and cost-effectiveness.
• 🧬 In tissue engineering, nanofibers can serve as scaffolds for tissue regeneration, providing structural support and acting as a reservoir for bioactive molecules like growth factors.
• 🔄 There are different strategies for making drug-loaded nanofibers, including dissolving the drug in the polymer solution, mixing the drug with the nanocarrier, or applying post-treatment to attach drugs to the fibers.
• 👍 The video tutorial encourages viewers to share the information with friends and contacts, highlighting the importance of spreading knowledge about nanofibers and their applications.

Q & A

What are nano fibers and why are they considered a new class of nano material?

Nano fibers are a class of nano materials known for their unique properties, mainly due to their extremely high surface to volume ratio compared to conventional fibers. This attribute provides them with a large surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, small pore size, low density, and excellent mechanical properties.

What are the special properties of nano fibers?

The special properties of nano fibers include a large surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, small pore size, low density, and excellent mechanical properties. These characteristics make nano fibers suitable for a variety of applications.

What are the different applications of nano fibers?

Nano fibers can be used in various applications such as purification, energy applications, textiles, and especially in biomedical fields like tissue engineering, wound healing and dressing, and biosensors for medical implants.

How can nano fibers be fabricated?

Nano fibers can be fabricated using different methods, with some of the most common techniques being electrospinning, melt processing, solution polymerization, and phase inversion method.

What is electrospinning and how does it work?

Electrospinning is a widely used technique for nano fiber fabrication. It involves the use of a high voltage power supply, a syringe pump with a metal needle, and a conductive collector. The process starts with the formation of a Taylor cone when voltage is applied to the polymer solution. The electrical repulsion forces cause the polymer solution to form a conical shape. As the voltage increases, the surface tension is overcome, and a charged jet emerges from the Taylor cone, migrating to the collector. The solvent in the solution evaporates during migration, and the fibers are deposited onto the collector.

What are the key parameters that control the morphology of nano fibers in electrospinning?

The key parameters that control the morphology of nano fibers in electrospinning include voltage, flow rate, type of collector, distance between the tip and the collector, and the nature of the polymer solution, particularly its viscosity.

How does the voltage in electrospinning affect the formation of nano fibers?

The voltage in electrospinning is a crucial parameter. If the voltage is increased too much, it can cause jet instability, resulting in the formation of beaded nano fibers. A typical voltage range for electrospinning is between 5 to 50 kV.

What is the role of the polymer solution's viscosity in electrospinning?

The viscosity of the polymer solution plays a significant role in determining the morphology of the nano fibers. Low viscosity can lead to beaded structures, while increased viscosity can result in smooth, bead-free nano fibers. However, if the viscosity is too high, it may cause clogging of the solution on the nozzle tip, preventing fiber formation.

How can nano fibers be used in wound healing and dressing applications?

Nano fibers can be made into mats that serve as platforms for wound dressing. These mats can incorporate antibacterial agents to prevent infection and accelerate the healing process. The high surface to volume ratio promotes cell attachment, while the microscale interconnected pores allow for gas exchange, nutrient supply, and controlled fluid loss, maintaining a moist environment at the wound site.

What are the features of an ideal drug delivery system that nano fibers can provide?

An ideal drug delivery system should have high loading capacity, high encapsulation efficiency, the ability to deliver various therapeutics simultaneously, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness. Nano fibers match these features due to their unique properties, such as high surface area and controlled release capabilities.

How can nano fibers be utilized in tissue engineering?

In tissue engineering, nano fibers can be used to create biomimetic scaffolds that provide structural support and act as a reservoir for bioactive molecules like growth factors. These scaffolds facilitate the isolation and expansion of healthy cells, which are then seeded onto the biodegradable scaffold, promoting tissue regeneration.

Outlines

00:00

🧬 Introduction to Nanofibers and Their Properties

This paragraph introduces nanofibers as a new class of nanomaterials with unique properties due to their extremely high surface to volume ratio. It highlights the special characteristics of nanofibers such as large surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, small pore size, low density, and excellent mechanical properties. The paragraph also outlines the various applications of nanofibers, including purification, energy, textile, and biomedical fields like tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery, emphasizing their versatility.

05:03

🧪 Electrospinning Technique for Nanofiber Fabrication

The second paragraph delves into the electrospinning technique, a commonly used method for fabricating nanofibers. It explains the setup, which includes a high voltage power supply, a syringe pump with a metal needle, and a conductive collector. The process involves applying voltage to a polymer solution, leading to the formation of a Taylor cone and a charged jet that migrates to the collector. The solvent evaporates during migration, resulting in fiber deposition. The paragraph further discusses various parameters that influence the morphology of the nanofibers, such as voltage, flow rate, collector type, spinning distance, and the nature of the polymer solution, including its viscosity.

10:03

🩺 Biomedical Applications of Nanofibers

The final paragraph focuses on the biomedical applications of nanofibers, particularly in tissue engineering and drug delivery. It describes how nanofibers can be used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration, promoting cell attachment and providing a suitable environment for tissue growth. The paragraph also covers the use of nanofibers in wound dressing, where they can be incorporated with antibacterial agents to prevent infection and accelerate healing. Moreover, it discusses the potential of nanofibers in drug delivery systems, highlighting their features such as high loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and the ability to deliver various therapeutics simultaneously. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of the tissue engineering process, which involves isolating healthy cells, expanding them in vitro, and seeding them onto biodegradable scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

Keywords

💡nano fibers

Nano fibers are a class of nanomaterials with unique properties such as a high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, small pore size, low density, and excellent mechanical properties. These characteristics make nano fibers suitable for various applications, including purification, energy applications, textiles, and biomedical fields like tissue engineering and wound healing. In the video, nano fibers are discussed as a material of interest for their potential in creating ultra-thin fibers with a wide range of uses.

💡surface to volume ratio

The surface to volume ratio is a crucial property of nano fibers that significantly contributes to their functionality. It refers to the available surface area of a material compared to its volume. In nano fibers, this ratio is extremely high, which means there is a large area for interactions, such as cell attachment or adsorption of molecules. This high ratio is beneficial in applications requiring efficient contact, like in drug delivery systems and tissue regeneration scaffolds.

💡electro spinning

Electro spinning is a widely used technique for fabricating nano fibers. It involves the use of a high voltage power supply, a syringe pump with a metal needle, and a conductive collector. The process starts with a polymer solution being charged, leading to the formation of a Taylor cone. As the voltage increases, the surface tension is overcome, and a charged jet emerges from the Taylor cone, which then migrates to the collector. During this migration, the solvent evaporates, and the fibers are deposited on the collector.

💡tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of biology, chemistry, and engineering to create artificial tissue that can replace degenerated or damaged tissue. It involves the use of scaffolds, which are biodegradable structures that provide support for cells to grow and differentiate. Nano fibers are particularly useful in tissue engineering because they can mimic the natural extracellular matrix, providing a suitable environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration.

💡wound healing

Wound healing is a complex biological process that involves a series of events to restore the integrity of the skin or other tissues after injury. In the context of the video, nano fibers are used in wound dressings to accelerate this process. The high surface area of nano fibers can promote cell attachment and create a moist environment that prevents wound dehydration, enhancing angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, which are essential for effective wound healing.

💡drug delivery

Drug delivery refers to the process of administering therapeutic agents to targeted sites in the body to treat diseases or conditions. Nano fibers can be engineered to serve as drug delivery systems due to their unique properties, such as high loading capacity, high encapsulation efficiency, and the ability to deliver various therapeutics simultaneously. They can be designed to release drugs in a controlled manner, enhancing the therapeutic effect and minimizing side effects.

💡scaffold

A scaffold in the context of tissue engineering is a three-dimensional, biodegradable structure that serves as a temporary support for cells to attach, grow, and differentiate. Scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural extracellular matrix and provide the necessary environment for tissue regeneration. Nano fibers can be used to create these scaffolds due to their high porosity and mechanical strength, which are essential for cell growth and tissue integration.

💡polymer solution

A polymer solution is a mixture of polymers dissolved in a solvent, which is used in the electro spinning process to create nano fibers. The properties of the polymer solution, such as viscosity and conductivity, play a crucial role in determining the morphology and quality of the resulting nano fibers. The solution must be optimized to produce uniform and continuous fibers with the desired characteristics.

💡Taylor cone

The Taylor cone is a shape that forms when a liquid is subjected to an electric field strong enough to counteract the liquid's surface tension. In the electro spinning process, the formation of the Taylor cone is a critical step, as it marks the initiation of the charged jet that eventually forms the nano fibers. The shape and stability of the Taylor cone are influenced by the voltage applied and the properties of the polymer solution.

💡mechanical properties

Mechanical properties refer to the characteristics of a material that determine its ability to withstand forces, resist deformation, and recover from such deformations. In the context of nano fibers, excellent mechanical properties mean that they have high strength and toughness, making them suitable for a variety of applications where durability and structural integrity are important.

💡porosity

Porosity is a property of a material that indicates the presence and size of pores or holes within the material. High porosity is a desirable characteristic in nano fibers, as it allows for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and fluids, which is essential for applications like tissue engineering and wound dressings. The small pore size in nano fibers can also contribute to their filtering capabilities.

Highlights

Nano fibers are a new class of nano material with special properties mainly due to their extremely high surface to volume ratio.

The special properties of nano fibers include large surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, small pore size, low density, and excellent mechanical properties.

Nano fibers can be fabricated by various methods such as electrospinning, melt processing, solution polymerization, and phase inversion method.

Electrospinning is a widely used technique for nano fiber fabrication that produces ultra-thin fibers from a variety of materials including polymers, nano composites, and ceramics.

The electrospinning setup consists of a high voltage power supply, a syringe pump with a metal needle, and a conductive collector.

In electrospinning, when voltage is applied to the polymer solution, a Taylor cone forms due to electrical repulsion forces, leading to the formation of a charged jet.

As the voltage increases, the surface tension of the polymer solution is overcome, resulting in the charged jet migrating to the collector and fiber deposition.

Process parameters such as voltage, flow rate, and the nature of the polymer solution play crucial roles in controlling the morphology of the nano fibers.

The distance between the tip and the collector is an important parameter that affects the fiber stretching and solvent evaporation, thus influencing the uniformity of the nano fibers.

Nano fibers have a wide range of applications including purification, energy applications, textiles, and especially in biomedical fields like tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery.

In wound healing applications, nano fibers can be used to create mats for wound dressing that promote cell attachment, gas exchange, nutrient supply, and control of fluid loss.

For drug delivery applications, nano fibers offer high loading capacity, high encapsulation efficiency, and the ability to deliver various therapeutics simultaneously.

Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers like polycaprolactone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and PMMA can be used to create nano fibers for drug delivery systems.

Tissue engineering scaffolds made from nano fibers provide structural support and act as a reservoir for bioactive molecules, facilitating tissue regeneration.

The high surface to volume ratio of nano fibers promotes cell attachment and maintains a moist environment at the wound site, enhancing healing processes.

Electrospinning techniques can be modified to incorporate drugs or bioactive molecules directly into the nano fibers for effective delivery systems.

Nano fibers have the potential to revolutionize various industries by offering unique properties and versatile applications.

Transcripts

hello friends welcome back to another

video tutorial today I am going to share

some of the basic information about nano

fibers these fibers are new class of

nano material which has special

properties that mainly due to the

extremely high surface to volume ratio

compared to conventional fibers so what

are the special properties large surface

area to volume ratio high porosity small

pore size low density and excellent

mechanical properties so because of this

unique property make nano fibers as a

suitable material for different

applications like a purification energy

application textile biomedical

applications like tissue engineering

skyfall own wound healing and wound

dressing application like different

applications are there so this nano

fibers we can fabricated by different

methods such as some of the commonly

used fabrication techniques are electro

spinning melt processing in the facial

polymerization and face inversion method

so here I'm going to discuss more about

electro spinning so so electro spinning

is one of the commonly used technique

for nano fiber fabrication so from that

we can get ultra thin fibers from

variety of material so which include

polymers nano composites ceramics okay

etc so this electro spinning setup which

consists of three main components like

high voltage power supply a syringe pump

with a metal needle and a conductive

character okay so in electro spinning

process which is classified into several

mechanism several techniques like a

vibration electro spinning magnetometer

spinning siren across spinning and Babb

spinning okay so in in an idle

electrospinning technique when we

applied voltage to the polymer solution

then the polymer get charged as the

result this Taylor cone will form that

is the electrical repulsion forces which

acting on the polymer solution which

causes the drop droplet of sample to

deform into conical shape okay so when

the voltage is increased

there's this surface tension of the

polymer solution which overcome and the

charger jet which emerged from Taylor

corn migrated was the collector okay

so during the migration from needle tip

to collector the solvent which is

present and the solution is get

evaporate and the fibers which are

deposited over the ground collector okay

so this is the basic working of the

electro spinning so in electro spinning

there are different parameter other that

is process parameters so this process

parameter which control the morphology

of the Nano fibers

the first one is voltage so then that

voltage this is one of the important

parameters because if we increase the

voltage further and the voltage will

this will cause high jet instability as

result the formation of bead and nano

fiber okay so in a typical arrow

spinning process the voltage should be

in the ranges from 5 to 50 kV okay next

is the flow rate so this flow rate also

important factor which controlled the

morphology so if we need an octave

uniform nano fiber we need to optimize

the flow rate okay so if hi if we

increase the

flow rate as the result and this beat

formation will occur in the Nano fiber

surface okay next is the character so

the character in electro spinning there

are different variety of characters are

used commonly used characters at

stationery our rotating one so which

which will also affect the final design

of the Electra span fiber okay next is

the distance between the tip and the

collector so normally this is one of the

important parameter because when the

spinning distance decreases to a

critical length and that is a formation

of beaded and nano fiber that is due to

the insufficient fiber stretching and

solvent evaporation if we increase the

spinning distance which will provide a

large space for jet stretching and

longer time for solvent evaporation so

as the result we will get a uniform nano

fibers okay next is the nature of

polymer solution so in that polymer

solution the nature of polymer solution

also umber important so the viscosity

which plays a crucial role polymer

viscosity okay which play an important

role the morphology of the nano fiber so

if we're the low viscosity which

generate builder structure but if we

increase the viscosity which leads the

formation of smooth bead beautifully

nano fiber but if we increase further

the viscosity if English father then

there is a chance to clog the polymer

solution on the nozzle tip okay then

there is no fiber formation so these are

the important parameters in the spinning

process okay next is fire so in this

application but and there are because of

the unique properties of nano fibers we

can use this nano fiber in different

applications especially in biomedical

application we can

this nano fibers and scaffold for tissue

engineering and we can make a mat for

wound dressing and biosensor medical

implant application that will very

different applications are there so here

I'm going to discuss in detail about

some of the application okay first one

dressing and wound healing so in that

normally this these nano fibers we can

make as a mat

and this mat we can use as a Performa

Tyrael for wound dressing application

and if we can enable able to incorporate

some antibacterial agent in the husband

material

and we can also prevent the infection of

the wall and which will accelerate the

healing processes okay so this is one of

the important application so because of

the high surface to volume ratio which

promote the cells cells attachment on

the surface and the microscale

interconnected pores which is present in

the nano fiber which are compatible with

gas exchange nutrient supply and control

of fluid loss okay so this these

properties which is which maintain the

moisture environment and the wound site

so that will prevent the wound

dehydration and enhance the angiogenesis

and collagen synthesis so this this will

also reduce the scale formation also

okay so this is one of the important

applications of nano 5 book necklace

delivery application so this nano fiber

have unique properties that we already

told so because of that and we can use

this as a material in the delivery

application okay and i ideal delivery

system which have several features like

hi loading capacity hi encapsulation

efficiency simultaneous delivery of

various therapeutics ease of operation

and cost-effectiveness ok this none of

fibers which matches all of these

features so that we can use this

nanofibers material as a material okay

so here normally and there are different

polymer we can use for this nano fiber

making okay so like polycaprolactone

polyvinyl pyrrolidone PMMA like that

should be in biodegradable and

biocompatible in nature okay so this

polymers is mixing with the drag

molecules and will get a homogeneous

suspension or solution and this solution

then electro spun using electro spinning

technique and we can produce nano fibers

okay so there are different strategy we

can follow for making this that loaded

nano fibers like electro spinning plus

that dissolved so first we can we can

dissolve in the polymer solution and

then spin it okay so that as the result

this molecule which is embedded into the

Nano fibers the second approach is

dragged loaded nano carry oh so the drug

lord and nano carrier we can mix mix

with the polymer and the drug molecule

and that attaches outside the fibers

next is electro spinning plus a drug

post treatment so drag so these drug

molecules or bio molecules which are

attached outside the fibers okay next is

and Kaushal electro spinning so through

that we can make molecule which are

inside a bulk into nano fiber okay so

this is the commonly used strategy to

make the nano fiber in drug delivery

applications okay is tissue engineering

so in that

tissue engineering data is one of the

interdisciplinary area so because which

applies the principle of biological

chemical engineering and science to

general to generate tissue degeneration

okay so in this tissue engineering

approach there are which involve two

main important strategy that is

isolation of healthy cells from a

patient and followed by the expansion in

vitro okay so these expanded cells which

are then shielded onto it scaffold

biodegradable scaffold so that will

provide the structural support and that

also can act as a reservoir for by

active molecules such as growth factors

so this scaffold after some times they

actually get replaced by new ground

tissues from the seated cell okay so in

this biomimic mimetic scaffold we can

made with this nano fibers so which will

so there are different scaffold are made

for different tissue regeneration so

this is also one of the important

applications of nano fiber okay that's

it thank you for watching this video if

you liked this tutorial please share

with your friends and contacts thank you

you