Kronologi peristiwa masa akhir orde baru || Sejarah Indonesia Kelas 12

Summary

This video provides an insightful lesson on the final phase of Indonesia's New Order era, aimed at 12th-grade students. It highlights both internal and external factors contributing to the regime's collapse, such as economic stagnation, corruption, and the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Key events, including massive demonstrations, the Trisakti student shootings, and significant political pressure, are covered. The video also outlines the resignation of President Soeharto on May 21, 1998, marking the end of the New Order and the beginning of Indonesia's Reform Era, with a focus on transitioning to a more democratic government.

Takeaways

• 📚 The video discusses the history of Indonesia for 12th-grade students, focusing on the end of the New Order era.
• 🌍 External factors that contributed to the fall of the New Order include the 1997 financial crisis in Thailand, which affected many Asian countries, including Indonesia.
• 💸 Internal factors included Indonesia's stagnant economy, where the currency value dropped significantly, leading to mass layoffs and bankruptcies.
• ⚖️ The government under Suharto faced widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
• 📅 On March 11, 1998, Suharto was re-elected as President of Indonesia in the MPR General Session.
• ✊ From March to May 1998, massive demonstrations took place in major cities like Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar, demanding Suharto's resignation.
• 🎓 On May 12, 1998, a protest at Trisakti University resulted in the death of several students, escalating tensions.
• 🔥 On May 14-15, 1998, riots erupted in Jakarta and Solo, with widespread looting and chaos.
• 👥 Key public figures, such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid, urged Suharto to resign and return state assets.
• 🚨 On May 21, 1998, Suharto officially resigned, and his presidency was succeeded by B.J. Habibie, marking the end of the New Order and the beginning of the Reform era.

Q & A

What external factor contributed to the fall of the New Order in Indonesia?

The external factor was the financial crisis that began in Thailand in 1997, which impacted the exchange rates of currencies in Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.

What was one of the key internal factors that led to the decline of the New Order in Indonesia?

One key internal factor was the stagnation of Indonesia's economy, which resulted in a sharp decline in the value of its currency and led to the bankruptcy of many companies, causing mass layoffs.

How did corruption, collusion, and nepotism affect the government during the New Order era?

Corruption, collusion, and nepotism were widespread in the government, which further weakened its credibility and contributed to public dissatisfaction.

What significant event happened on May 12, 1998, during the protests against the New Order?

On May 12, 1998, a student from Trisakti University was shot during a demonstration, an event that escalated public outrage and intensified protests.

What happened on May 14-15, 1998, in response to the protests against the New Order?

On May 14-15, 1998, riots broke out in Jakarta and Solo, resulting in widespread looting, and thousands of students protested, calling for Suharto to step down.

Who were some of the prominent figures that pressured Suharto to resign?

Prominent figures such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid urged Suharto to resign and return his wealth to the state.

What was the role of the Indonesian parliament (MPR/DPR) in the protests during May 1998?

On May 18, 1998, students occupied the MPR/DPR building, demanding a special session of the MPR to address the political crisis and Suharto's resignation.

What was Suharto's response to the escalating protests and demands for his resignation?

Suharto attempted to form a 'Reform Cabinet' to address the growing unrest, but this move did not stop the protests, and many ministers resigned from his cabinet.

When did Suharto officially step down from his position as president?

Suharto officially resigned from the presidency on May 21, 1998, after mounting pressure from protests and political figures.

What was the significance of Suharto's resignation for Indonesia?

Suharto's resignation marked the end of the New Order era and the beginning of the Reformation Era, a new chapter in Indonesia's history focused on building a more democratic government.