Sejarah Republik Indonesia Serikat

PENA MEDIA

23 Apr 202108:16

Summary

TLDRThe script recounts Indonesia's transition from a unitary state to a federal system, the United States of Indonesia, post-independence struggles. Established on December 27, 1949, following the Round Table Conference, it was a federation of states including the Republic of Indonesia and others like East Indonesia, Sumatra, and Java. Despite initial support, the federal system faced challenges, leading to a push for a return to a unitary republic. By February 1958, most states reintegrated, culminating in the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia on August 17, 1950, in favor of a unified Republic of Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of nationalism and unity.

Takeaways

📜 The script discusses the historical transition of Indonesia from a unitary state to a federal system, specifically the formation of the United States of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat).
🗓️ The United States of Indonesia was established on December 27, 1949, as a result of the Round Table Conference, which was a tripartite agreement between the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch, and the Netherlands.
🌍 The establishment was witnessed by the United Nations Commission for Indonesia, signifying international recognition of the new federal state.
🏛️ The Dutch government transferred full sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia without conditions, acknowledging its independence and sovereignty.
🏞️ The federal system comprised seven states, including the Republic of Indonesia, East Indonesia, West Java, Central Java, South Sumatra, East Sumatra, and South East Sumatra, along with nine autonomous regions.
🏢 The federal structure was seen by some as a significant deviation from the original nationalist movement and the spirit of the Proclamation of Independence.
📜 The Constitution of the United States of Indonesia was adopted, which meant that the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia was only applicable to the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta.
🏛️ The federal system was parliamentary, contrasting with the presidential system outlined in the 1945 Constitution.
🤝 The United States was the first country to recognize the United States of Indonesia, followed by the UK, the Netherlands, and China.
🔄 The federal system was short-lived due to demands to return to a unitary state, reflecting the aspirations of the Proclamation of Independence and the desire for national unity.
🏛️ On August 17, 1950, the United States of Indonesia was officially dissolved, and Indonesia returned to being a unitary state, with the 1945 Constitution being reinstated as the provisional constitution.

Q & A

What significant change occurred in the Indonesian constitution during its post-independence struggles?
-The significant change was the shift from a unitary state to a federal system, resulting in the formation of the United States of Indonesia.
When was the United States of Indonesia established?
-The United States of Indonesia was established on December 27, 1949.
What was the outcome of the Round Table Conference in relation to Indonesia's sovereignty?
-The Round Table Conference resulted in the Netherlands transferring full sovereignty over Indonesia to the United States of Indonesia without conditions and with no possibility of retraction, thereby recognizing Indonesia's independence.
How many states comprised the United States of Indonesia?
-The United States of Indonesia was made up of seven states and nine autonomous regions.
Which regions were considered the most important among the states of the United States of Indonesia?
-The most important regions included the Republic of Indonesia, East Indonesia, South Sumatra, and West Java.
How did the political system of Indonesia change with the establishment of the United States of Indonesia?
-The political system shifted from a presidential system under the 1945 Constitution to a parliamentary system.
What was the role of the United Nations in the formation of the United States of Indonesia?
-The United Nations Commission for Indonesia witnessed the agreement at the Round Table Conference, which led to the formation of the United States of Indonesia.
Who led the Indonesian delegation at the Round Table Conference, and when did they return to Yogyakarta?
-The Indonesian delegation was led by Muhammad Hatta, and they returned to Yogyakarta on October 14, 1949.
What was the significance of the Constituent Assembly's meeting on November 14, 1947, in Jakarta?
-The Constituent Assembly's meeting on November 14, 1947, in Jakarta was significant as representatives from all member states and the Indonesian government signed the Constitution of the United States of Indonesia.
Who became the first president of the United States of Indonesia, and when was he inaugurated?
-Soekarno became the first president of the United States of Indonesia, and he was inaugurated on December 17, 1949.
What was the ultimate fate of the United States of Indonesia, and when did it dissolve?
-The United States of Indonesia dissolved on August 17, 1950, reverting to a unitary state known as the Republic of Indonesia.

Outlines

00:00

🗽 Formation of the United States of Indonesia

The first paragraph discusses the historical transition of Indonesia from a unified nation to a federal state. It highlights the establishment of the United States of Indonesia on December 27, 1949, as a result of the Round Table Conference attended by the Republic of Indonesia, the Netherlands, and facilitated by the United Nations. The conference led to the Dutch transferring full sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia without conditions, recognizing it as an independent and sovereign state. The new federal system was composed of seven states and nine autonomous regions, with the 1945 Constitution only applying to the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta. The federal system shifted from a presidential to a parliamentary form of government. The paragraph also covers the return of the Indonesian delegation and the subsequent ratification of the United States of Indonesia's Constitution by all member states and autonomous regions.

05:02

🌐 The Transition Back to a Unitary State

The second paragraph details the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia and the reestablishment of a unitary state, the Republic of Indonesia. It describes how the federal system did not last long due to strong public support for a unified republic, as envisioned in the Proclamation of Independence. The paragraph outlines the process by which states and autonomous regions began to integrate back into the Republic of Indonesia, leading to the eventual dissolution of the United States of Indonesia. It also discusses the conference in April 1950 that decided to form a unitary state, resulting in the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia and the signing of a provisional constitution. The paragraph concludes with the formation of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, emphasizing the collective struggle and commitment to national unity and independence.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Federal System

A federal system is a political system in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. In the context of the video, Indonesia transitioned from a unitary state to a federal system with the establishment of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, which was a result of the Round Table Conference agreements. This change was significant as it represented a shift in the governance structure, allowing for a more decentralized approach to managing the diverse regions within the country.

💡Round Table Conference

The Round Table Conference refers to a series of meetings held to discuss and resolve political issues, often involving multiple parties. In the video, the Round Table Conference is highlighted as the event where the agreement was reached to transform Indonesia into a federal state, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia. This conference was a pivotal moment in Indonesian history, as it led to the formal recognition of Indonesia's independence and sovereignty by the Netherlands.

💡United Nations Commission for Indonesia

The United Nations Commission for Indonesia was a body established to oversee the transition of sovereignty from the Netherlands to Indonesia. In the video, it is mentioned that this commission witnessed the agreements made during the Round Table Conference, which included the Netherlands transferring full sovereignty to Indonesia without conditions. This commission's involvement signifies the international recognition and support for Indonesia's independence.

💡Proclamation of Independence

The Proclamation of Independence is a historic event where a nation declares itself to be independent from colonial rule. The video discusses how the outcome of the Round Table Conference was seen by some as a deviation from the spirit of the Proclamation of Independence made on August 17, 1945. This Proclamation was a key moment in Indonesian history, marking the start of the country's struggle for independence from Dutch rule.

💡Republic of the United States of Indonesia

The Republic of the United States of Indonesia, or Republik Indonesia Serikat, was the federal form of government established after the Round Table Conference. It was comprised of several states and autonomous regions, each with a degree of self-governance. The video explains that this new federal structure was a compromise that did not fully align with the original aspirations of the Proclamation of Independence but was necessary for the recognition of Indonesia's sovereignty.

💡Autonomous Regions

Autonomous regions are areas within a country that have a certain degree of self-governance. The video mentions that the Republic of the United States of Indonesia included several autonomous regions, such as Central Java, West Kalimantan, and others. These regions had a level of autonomy that allowed for local governance, reflecting the diverse ethnic and cultural makeup of Indonesia.

💡Constituent States

Constituent states are the individual states that form a federal system. In the video, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia is described as being made up of seven constituent states, including the Republic of Indonesia, East Indonesia, and others. Each state had its own government and was part of the larger federal structure, contributing to the complexity of governance in the newly formed country.

💡Parliamentary System

A parliamentary system is a form of democratic governance where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament). The video explains that with the establishment of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, the government system shifted from the presidential system outlined in the 1945 Constitution to a parliamentary system, reflecting the new federal structure and the distribution of power.

💡Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat (KNIP)

The Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, or Central Indonesian National Committee, was a key body in the transition period of Indonesia's governance. The video discusses how the KNIP recognized the necessity of accepting the outcomes of the Round Table Conference and the federal system, even though it was seen as a deviation from the original Proclamation of Independence. The KNIP's role was crucial in the acceptance and implementation of the new political structure.

💡Reunification of Indonesia

Reunification of Indonesia refers to the process of bringing together the various states and regions under a single, unified government. The video describes how, over time, the constituent states and autonomous regions of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia chose to merge back into a single republic, reflecting a desire to return to the original vision of a united Indonesia as proclaimed in 1945. This process culminated in the dissolution of the federal system and the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

💡Provisional Constitution

A provisional constitution is an interim legal framework that establishes the basic principles of governance until a permanent constitution can be adopted. In the video, it is mentioned that the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia was signed after the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, marking the return to a unitary state. This constitution served as a temporary legal foundation until a permanent constitution could be established.

Highlights

Indonesia experienced a constitutional change during its post-independence turmoil.

The change transformed Indonesia from a unitary state to a federal one.

The United States of Indonesia was established on December 27, 1949.

The establishment was a result of a tripartite agreement at the Round Table Conference.

The agreement involved the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch, and was also witnessed by the United Nations.

The Dutch acknowledged the full sovereignty of Indonesia without conditions.

The United States of Indonesia was seen as a deviation from the spirit of the Proclamation of Independence.

The federal system consisted of seven states and nine autonomous regions.

The most significant states included East Indonesia, South Sumatra, and West Java.

The 1945 Constitution only applied to the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta.

The government system shifted from presidential to parliamentary.

Muhammad Hatta led the Indonesian delegation in the Round Table Conference.

All states and autonomous regions ratified the United States of Indonesia Constitution.

The Central Indonesian National Committee began discussing the conference results in Yogyakarta.

Many members of the committee saw the United States of Indonesia as a significant diversion from the Proclamation of Independence.

On December 16, 1949, the National Committee accepted the United States of Indonesia Constitution.

Sukarno became the first president of the United States of Indonesia.

The United States of Indonesia was short-lived due to demands to return to a unitary state.

The movement towards a unitary state gained strong support from the people and states.

South Sumatra decided to surrender its power to the Republic of Indonesia.

In April 1950, a conference was held to form a united Republic of Indonesia.

Muhammad Hatta and Abdul Halim agreed to dissolve the United States of Indonesia to form a new united Republic.

The United States of Indonesia was officially dissolved on August 17, 1950.

The 1945 Constitution was changed into a provisional constitution known as UUD 1950.

The dissolution of the United States of Indonesia marked the return to a unitary state.