HAZARDS CAUSED BY HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA / EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE / SCIENCE 11 - MELC 18

Summary

This educational video delves into the significance of learning competency in utilizing hazard maps to identify areas susceptible to hydrometeorological hazards such as tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and IPO. It emphasizes the Philippines' vulnerability due to its location along the typhoon belt and the Pacific Ring of Fire. The video explains the formation and hazards of tropical cyclones, the impact of thunderstorms, floods, tornadoes, monsoons, El Niño, and La Niña. It also underscores the importance of hazard maps for community risk mitigation, promoting awareness, and planning evacuation strategies.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The Philippines is situated in a typhoon belt and experiences numerous natural disasters, including typhoons, earthquakes, and floods.
• 🌪️ Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic events that can lead to loss of life, property damage, and other disruptions.
• 🌀 Tropical cyclones, including typhoons, cyclones, and hurricanes, are severe weather disturbances with strong winds and heavy rains, forming around a low-pressure area.
• 🌀 The formation of tropical cyclones involves the evaporation of warm ocean water, the upward movement of moist air, and the condensation into rain clouds.
• 🌀 Super Typhoon Haiyan is an example of a powerful storm that caused extensive damage in the Philippines, highlighting the destructive potential of tropical cyclones.
• ⚡ Thunderstorms are violent weather events associated with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, or hail, and can lead to fires, injuries, and flash flooding.
• 💧 Floods occur when water overflows onto normally dry land, often due to heavy rainfall or the overflow of waterways, and can cause significant damage.
• 🌊 Storm surges are rises in water levels caused by storms, distinct from storm tides which include the effect of astronomical tides.
• 🌪️ Tornadoes, known locally as 'ipo', are rotating columns of wind that extend from thunderstorm clouds to the ground, causing destruction with high-speed winds.
• 🌬️ Monsoons are seasonal wind patterns affecting the Philippines, with the southwest monsoon bringing heavy rainfall and the northeast monsoon bringing cooler, drier conditions.
• 🌊 El Niño and La Niña are oceanic phenomena affecting weather patterns, with El Niño typically causing drought and La Niña leading to increased rainfall.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The main focus of the video is to discuss learning competency using hazard maps to identify areas prone to hazards caused by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.

What are the two main outcomes expected from the lesson?

By the end of the lesson, viewers should be able to identify different types of hydrometeorological hazards and explain the hazards brought about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or IPO.

Why is the Philippines particularly prone to natural disasters?

The Philippines is located along a typhoon belt, also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, which makes it susceptible to numerous deadly typhoons, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.

What are hydrometeorological hazards?

Hydrometeorological hazards are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes or phenomena that can cause loss of life, injury, property damage, loss of livelihoods, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

What are the hazards caused by tropical cyclones?

The hazards caused by tropical cyclones include strong winds, heavy rains, floods, and storm surges.

How do tropical cyclones form?

Tropical cyclones form through a natural process where warm moist air from the ocean rises, condenses to form clouds, and with the right conditions, organizes into a system with a low-pressure area that can intensify into a tropical depression and eventually a typhoon.

What is the difference between a tropical depression, a tropical storm, and a typhoon?

A tropical depression is characterized by maximum sustained wind speeds of 64 kilometers per hour, a tropical storm by 118 kilometers per hour, and a typhoon by wind speeds greater than 200 kilometers per hour.

What are the characteristics of a thunderstorm?

Thunderstorms are violent, short weather disturbances associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong gusty winds. They arise when warm moist air rises to cooler regions of the atmosphere.

What is a flash flood and how does it form?

A flash flood is an overflow of water onto normally dry land caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, usually less than six hours. It is characterized by fast-moving water that can rapidly change small creeks into raging torrents.

What is the difference between a storm surge and a storm tide?

A storm surge is a rise in water levels generated by a storm above the predicted astronomical tides, while a storm tide is the water level rise due to the combination of storm surge and astronomical tide.

What is a tornado and how does it form?

A tornado, locally known as IPO, is a narrow funnel or cylindrical-shaped, intensely rotating column of winds that form during powerful thunderstorms and extend from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud to the ground. They rotate usually in a counterclockwise direction and can reach speeds of up to almost 500 kilometers per hour.

What are the two main monsoon patterns in the Philippines and what are their characteristics?

The two main monsoon patterns in the Philippines are the southwest monsoon (Habagat), characterized by a strong west or southwest breeze bringing significant rainfall, and the northeast monsoon (Amihan), which features a cooler, drier, and less strong east or northeast breeze with prolonged cloudless days.

What is El Niño and how does it affect weather patterns?

El Niño is a prolonged unusual warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific that occurs irregularly and can last up to two years. It results in warmer water in the west and colder water in the east, potentially causing severe drought, stronger thunderstorm disturbances, and massive storms.

What is La Niña and how does it differ from El Niño?

La Niña is the opposite of El Niño, characterized by a prolonged unusual cooling of sea temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. It can last for one to three years and is associated with above-normal rainfall.

Why are hazard maps important in mitigating the risks of natural disasters?

Hazard maps are important because they highlight areas affected by or vulnerable to specific hazards, promoting risk awareness, aiding in the design of evacuation procedures, and assisting in the decision-making for the locations of evacuation facilities and shelters.