Theory Revision - CAT Term 2 - Grade 11

Summary

This educational video script offers a comprehensive review for grade 11 students, covering key computer science topics from term two. It delves into storage memory, processing, and the distinction between primary and secondary memory. The script explains computer components like RAM, hard drives, and the booting process, while also exploring network concepts, including LANs, WLANs, and the significance of network security and ethical usage. Additionally, it touches on the importance of effective website design, data processing, and the role of questions in problem-solving. The script serves as a valuable study aid, preparing students for exams and practical applications.

Takeaways

• 💾 Remember the difference between primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (hard drive) when discussing PC specifications.
• 🖥️ Understand the components of a desktop PC, including the ATX case, PSU, motherboard, CPU model, memory, optical drive, operating system, and peripherals like the keyboard and monitor.
• 🌐 Know the advantages and disadvantages of online storage and be able to explain the concept, including examples.
• ☁️ Distinguish between online storage, which is about file storage, and cloud computing, which involves running programs based on the cloud.
• 📚 Be aware of backup strategies and the difference between a backup, which is a copy, and an archive, which involves moving files for later use.
• 💻 Learn about the booting process of a computer, starting from the ROM instructions to loading the operating system.
• 🌐 Grasp the concepts of LAN (Local Area Network) and WLAN (Wireless LAN), and understand the differences and use cases.
• 🔑 Know the basics of network security, including the importance of strong passwords and the ethical use of networks.
• 🌐 Recognize the signs of being connected to a network, such as seeing additional drives or access to shared printers.
• 🛠️ Be familiar with network components like the network interface controller (NIC), switches, and the impact of data transmission speeds on network performance.

Q & A

What is the primary memory in a computer?

The primary memory in a computer is RAM (Random Access Memory), which is used for temporary data storage while the computer is running.

What is the difference between primary and secondary memory?

Primary memory, or RAM, is used for temporary data storage during operation, while secondary memory, such as hard drives, is used for long-term data storage.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of online storage?

Advantages of online storage include accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection and off-site backups for security. Disadvantages include potential data privacy issues and reliance on internet connectivity.

How does cloud computing differ from online storage?

Online storage involves storing files on remote servers, while cloud computing refers to using applications and services that are hosted on the internet rather than running on a local device.

What is the role of a backup in data management?

A backup is a copy of data made to prevent data loss in case of corruption, deletion, or other issues. It ensures that important files can be restored if the original is compromised.

What is the purpose of the booting process in a computer?

The booting process is the initialization of a computer's hardware and software systems when it starts up, allowing the operating system to load and the computer to become operational.

What is the difference between a LAN and a WLAN?

A LAN (Local Area Network) is a wired network confined to a specific area, while a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is a wireless network that allows devices to connect without physical cables.

Why might a wired connection be preferred over a wireless one?

A wired connection is often preferred because it generally provides faster and more stable internet speeds compared to wireless connections, which can be affected by interference and distance.

What is an intranet and how does it differ from the internet?

An intranet is a private network within an organization that mimics the functionality of the internet but is not publicly accessible. It is typically used for internal communication and resource sharing.

What is the significance of network security policies?

Network security policies define the rules and practices for the secure use of a network. They help protect sensitive data and ensure that only authorized users have access to network resources.

Why is it important to have a strong password for network access?

A strong password helps prevent unauthorized access to a network and its resources. It should include a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters, and should not be easily guessable.

Outlines

00:00

💾 Computer Memory and Storage

The paragraph introduces the concepts of primary and secondary memory, explaining RAM as primary memory and hard drives as secondary memory. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these terms when looking at PC specifications. The discussion also covers the difference between memory and storage, with examples from an ATX case and PSU setup, including motherboard, CPU model, optical drives, and other components. The paragraph further explores online storage, its advantages and disadvantages, and the distinction between online storage and cloud computing. It also touches on backup strategies and the difference between backups and archives, leading into a discussion on troubleshooting and processing roles within a computer system.

05:01

🌐 Local Area Networks and Network Components

This section delves into local area networks (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN), explaining their definitions and uses. It contrasts wired and wireless connections, highlighting the faster and more stable nature of wired networks. The paragraph discusses intranets, differentiating them from the internet and explaining their use within organizations. It also covers the roles of workstations and servers, and the importance of network components like network interface controllers, switches, and data transmission speeds. The discussion includes the impact of the slowest device on network speed and the significance of wireless standards. The paragraph concludes with an overview of wired media, network operating systems, and signs of being connected to a network.

10:01

🔐 Network Security and Usability

The focus of this paragraph is on network security, including the use of passwords and the concept of strong passwords with a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols. It warns against using easily guessable passwords and the risks of hacks. The paragraph also addresses ethical use of networks, acceptable use policies (AUPs), and netiquette rules. It discusses the browsing experience, website usability, and factors affecting browsing such as privacy concerns, spyware, adware, and the importance of antivirus software. The paragraph also touches on the process of finding information, data processing techniques, and the importance of effective reporting, including copyright and intellectual property considerations.

15:01

🔍 Information Management and Questionnaires

This section discusses the information management cycle, the role of questions in research, and data processing techniques. It emphasizes the importance of effective reporting, including the structure of reports with introductions, main bodies, and conclusions. The paragraph also covers electronic presentations and their role in providing quick overviews of reports. It discusses the task definition process, types of questions, and levels of questioning specific to the PET curriculum. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on questionnaires and surveys, differentiating between the two and explaining the importance of effective survey question design, layout, and the quality of information gathered.

20:02

📚 Summary of Term Two Theory

The final paragraph summarizes the theory covered in term two, inviting students to ask questions in the comments and mentioning upcoming practical demonstrations of the modules. It serves as a conclusion to the video script, wrapping up the discussion on computer memory, networks, information management, and the importance of understanding these concepts for grade 11 and 12 studies.

Keywords

💡Storage Memory

Storage memory refers to the physical devices that store data on a computer. In the video, the distinction between primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (hard drive) is highlighted. Primary memory is volatile and used for active data processing, while secondary memory is non-volatile and used for long-term storage. The script mentions that understanding these concepts is crucial for interpreting computer specifications and advertisements.

💡Processing

Processing in the context of the video pertains to the operations performed by a computer's CPU (Central Processing Unit) to execute instructions and manipulate data. The CPU's role is emphasized as it fetches instructions and data from RAM to perform tasks. This is integral to understanding computer performance and the booting process, which is initiated by the CPU following instructions stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory).

💡Local Area Network (LAN)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a confined area, such as a school or building. The video script discusses LANs and their wireless counterparts (WLANs), highlighting the differences in connectivity and use cases. LANs are crucial for understanding network topologies and the advantages of wired connections over wireless ones, such as faster and more stable data transmission speeds.

💡Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence, over the Internet (the cloud) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. The video script differentiates cloud computing from online storage, emphasizing that cloud computing involves running programs and services from remote servers, whereas online storage is about storing files remotely.

💡Backup

A backup in the video is defined as a copy of files or data made to prevent data loss in case of system failure or other issues. The script mentions various backup strategies, including the use of CDs, DVDs, flash drives, and online storage. Backups are essential for data security and are a key aspect of computer maintenance and network management.

💡Archiving

Archiving, as discussed in the video, is the process of moving files to a separate storage location for long-term retention. Unlike backups, which are for immediate recovery, archives are for future access and are not typically needed for daily operations. The script explains that understanding the difference between backups and archives is important for managing data effectively.

💡Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting, as mentioned in the video, involves diagnosing and resolving issues that arise with computer systems or networks. The script touches on common troubleshooting areas such as managing backups and dealing with problems related to CDs and disk scanning. Effective troubleshooting is a critical skill for IT professionals and computer users alike.

💡Network Interface Controller

A Network Interface Controller (NIC) is a device that connects a computer to a network. The video script explains that the NIC allows a PC to communicate over a network, with the physical network cable plugging into the NIC. This component is fundamental to understanding how devices connect to LANs and WLANs.

💡Data Transmission Speeds

Data transmission speeds refer to the rate at which data can be sent over a network. The video script discusses how these speeds are determined by the capabilities of the network card, cable, and switch, with the network's speed being limited by the slowest of these devices. Understanding data transmission speeds is vital for optimizing network performance.

💡Wireless Standards

Wireless standards, such as 'G', 'N', and 'AC', refer to different generations of Wi-Fi technology, each with varying capabilities and speeds. The video script highlights the importance of recognizing these standards to understand the capabilities and limitations of wireless networks. These standards are crucial for comparing and choosing appropriate wireless technologies.

💡Network Security

Network security in the video involves the practices and policies adopted to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, use, modification, or denial of a computer network and its resources. The script mentions the use of usernames and passwords, strong password creation, and ethical use of networks as part of network security. Ensuring network security is essential for protecting sensitive data and maintaining the integrity of network operations.

Highlights

Introduction to term two revision covering theory modules

Explanation of primary and secondary memory with examples

Difference between memory and storage emphasized

Description of a desktop PC's components

Advantages and disadvantages of online storage discussed

Cloud computing contrasted with online storage

Importance of backing up files and backup strategies outlined

Difference between backup and archive explained

Troubleshooting topics in processing and storage introduced

Role of motherboard and CPU in processing explained

Booting process of a computer described

Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wireless LAN (WLAN) defined

Advantages of wireless LANs over wired connections

Intranet versus Internet and their uses

Workstation and server roles in a network

Components of a network and their functions

Data transmission speeds and network limitations

Wireless standards and their significance

Network operating system and its capabilities

Signs of being connected to a network

Advantages and disadvantages of wireless vs. cabled networks

Network security policies and ethical use

Importance of strong passwords for network security

Browsing experience and usability of websites

Factors affecting browsing including privacy and adware

Information processing from data to knowledge

Problem-solving cycle in information management

Role of questions in the information management cycle

Data processing techniques and effective reporting

Information management cycle and task definition

Types of questions and levels of questioning

Conducting surveys and questionnaires for data collection

Effective layout and quality of information in surveys

Transcripts

[Music]

hi grade 11s and welcome to our term two

revision where i'm looking at the theory

modules that we covered this term so i'm

just briefly gonna go go through

everything um so this would just be a

nice overview

for you okay so let's get started and

let's have a look at what we needed we

started with module 1.3 we were talking

about storage memory and processing

so please remember

right please remember this when we talk

about the specs of the pc now

i'll be asking things like what's the

primary memory and the secondary memory

please remember your primary memory

we're talking about ram

and that's what they show in here it's 1

to 16 gigs

well it's obviously bigger than that now

or you can have more than that and then

your storage your secondary memory yeah

we talk about you know more gigs we talk

about terabytes as well so primary

memory ram secondary memory our hard

drive okay

let's move on there we've got our memory

and storage again at this stage we know

the difference between

memory and storage so please

go through that

this is going to become an integral part

where we start throwing adverts in spec

lists of pcs so that you can understand

and let us know that you understand what

you are reading

so there for example is the memory look

at the top an atx case and psu that's

your power supply unit what this is

telling me is that there's a physical

case a physical tower with a power

supply unit so is it a laptop or a

desktop it's a desktop

then i've got my motherboard i've got

the model of the cpu i've got my

secondary memory my primary memory my

optical

drive

okay

my operating system

and the version of it

i've got a physical keyboard and mouse

and a 18.5 inch member we measure that

diagonally in inches

lcd liquid crystal display screen

okay so there they show us

just an example also of an external

drive and then we have online storage

again storing files online so we can

access it anywhere we need to provided

we have an internet connection

so they go through some of the

advantages

and disadvantages again as i always say

you should know just at least two of

them you should be able to explain the

concept of online storage

and be able to give us two

examples or two advantages and two

disadvantages and that should that

should sort of cover you

okay so please do make some time and go

through these things

then the difference between your online

storage and cloud computing now online

storage differs from cloud computing as

they're telling us because it involves

storing files so online storage i'm

storing files onto the cloud online

that's what i'm doing

okay

um

whereas cloud computing i'm actually

using

you know programs that based on the

cloud so

if i've got a version of office

that i need to connect to the internet

in order to actually use that that would

be an example of my cloud compute i'm

actually running things from the cloud

then with backing up but now we know

what backups are we are making a copy of

our files why because files can get

damaged corrupted deleted

so

just bear that in mind as well there are

a couple of popular backup strategies i

can use cds dvds blu-rays flash drives

portable hard drives and

obviously my online

storage as well now they go through the

process of how to write cds and dvds i'm

not going to worry too much about that

because they don't really ask you

for that this is something that they do

ask the difference between a backup and

archive now backup is when i'm making

another copy archiving i'm actually

moving those files somewhere else to use

at a later stage okay

then we start you know you'll see this

we start talking about troubleshooting

what do we do with problems arise so

managing backups problems with cds disk

scanning

please start to know these things

because it does play a big role in grade

11 and grade 12.

okay so you can go through that then

processing we know what processing is

and the role it plays

um we know how what our motherboard is

largest circuit board everything else is

plugged into our cpu that does the

process in our ram with the cpu goes to

fetch the instructions and data that it

needs to work on and our rom that holds

instructions when it comes to the basic

hardware of the computer you know when

the computer switches on it's got all

those instructions

in there

now this is important to know because

they'll ask you to describe the booting

process so when a computer starts itself

up you click on the start button and

your rom instructions then begin to load

it checks what the cpu and then the boot

processing begins you know uh when you

switch pc on

and i know some of them do that beep

like dude that's when rom has checked

through everything motherboard hardware

ram everything is okay

dude

let's go

and then the booting process goes and

this is why it moves in from a black

screen a black and white screen to the

windows logo because it looks for the

hard drive

where's the operating system installed

and then it loads the operating system

okay so there you can see checks all of

that and then loads the operating system

then the next one was dealing with your

local area networks now in grade in the

grade 10 revision video you saw we

started

on just what a network is now we're

going to some more detail we already

know what a network is so i don't even

have to go into that definition

um we know what that is we know what a

local area network is it's a network

confined to a

specific geographical area one

geographical area like your school or

your building or things like that then

you have your wlan which is a lan but

wireless

okay and they will ask you for the

difference between the two and why you

would use a wireless lan or what the

advantages of using the wireless lan

would be as opposed to a normal

cable glance please remember a cable

connection is always going to be faster

and more stable than your wireless so

just just bear those things in mind

also your intra i'm

please it's not internet this is an

intranet

sorry i must say it like that

this is an organization accompanies

private network it has an internet like

environment in other words i can open up

a website i can go to the company's

website click in there put in my

username and password and i'll navigate

as i would

you know when i browse the internet but

it is only within my company's

organization so if i go home i can't

access it

because i need to be connected to the

company's network and many times you

have got to go through

a vpn to be able to access these things

so and just know the difference between

those also the difference between your

workstation and your server your client

computer and your server client computer

workstation is going to be the same

thing your server provides services to

the network your clients connect to the

server um to benefit from those

then some of the basic components of the

network i know i had a video showing you

in in the class maybe i'll just do an

updated one

your network interface controller that's

your network card

that device is there

to allow the pc to connect to the

network so you've got your physical

network cable that gets plugged in

a physical network cable gets plugged

into the actual

network card and that is how it's able

then to communicate please know the

difference between that and a switch the

switch is a hardware device that as it's

saying connects computers in a network

right so that they can communicate

now you might have two or three computer

labs

or you your entire school might have a

network

and the switch allows one area to

connect to another one so that

communication can

uh occur also your data transmission

speeds in other words how fast data can

move over that cable

these are questions that come up often

i know this came up in the previous in

june's exams

so

please

when you see 10 100 1000 what that means

it's the minimum speed and the maximum

speed that that cable can handle so if

it says 10 100 means it can handle up to

100 megabits per second of data

transmission

on that line okay

also bear in mind

and they will ask you this

if all my devices my network card

because remember when i set up a network

i need a network card i've got a cable

i've got a switch i've got a server with

a network card all this if they all run

at the same speed beautiful

but let's say i've got cables that can

handle 100 megabits per second but my

network cards and my switches can only

handle 10 megabits per second then the

entire network

will work on 10 megabits per second your

network speed will be controlled

by the slowest device on that network so

if you want your network to run at you

know a thousand megabits per second all

your devices must be capable of handling

that thousand megabits per second okay

also your wireless standards um you know

what does that stand for what is the g

mean what does the n mean there they

tell us those are things that you must

know

okay and then they just mention your

wired media to your different types of

cables these guys know how to explain

these cables to us

that's another tip

oh this means the communication

the network operating system in other

words your operating system that has

network capability there are some

operating systems that don't allow you

to connect to a network so

um

most of your you know your windows

software does allow you to do that

uh but you would need to check on that

so again software that controls all the

communication security in a network uh

most have this built in as i mentioned

um

yeah that's that's about right so how

would you know that you are connected to

a network sometimes you'd see on your

explorer that you maybe have extra

drives

um you might see something else other

than you know when you click on my

network places you might actually see

that there are other computers there and

you might see you know when you want to

go and print to something oh there's you

know a whole list of printers with

different names you know

to places that

like your your library or things and

you're like okay but i'm sitting in the

computer lab so these are all

just some signs that

you are actually connected to a network

then you want to go into the advantages

again i'm not going to go through this i

have done videos on this so please go

and check that out know the advantages

between

your wireless and your cabled networks

the disadvantages as well why you would

choose one over the other because

they'll give you a scenario and ask you

to justify why the one is actually

better than the other

then your network security

your policies please just understand

what that is

and how it works

uh then they just mentioned within the

network environment you use usernames

and passwords obviously to keep your

information safe

uh

yes this is very important

please guys

they will ask you about passwords and

you might have to give an example of a

password that would be a strong password

a strong password should have a capital

it should have a number it should have

a symbol in it if you look at this

passage look i'm gonna i'm gonna say it

straight to you i'll never remember this

password but it's got all the elements

necessary for a strong password like it

doesn't make sense

that's the first thing it doesn't even

make sense but it's got a capital it's

got a number it's got a percentage right

it's got small letters as well so that

combination is what actually creates i'm

a good password should be about eight

characters

not the name of your girlfriend or dog

or boyfriend or anything no man this is

why you get hacked

so a few rules to follow at least eight

characters as i mentioned uppercase

lowercase numbers special characters you

know all that type of thing don't use

things like asdf 1234 your birthday oh

no please yeah you are going to get act

then the ethical use of

networks um

the proper way to use it a way that

doesn't infringe on anyone else a way

that doesn't hurt anyone else

and this is where we have things called

acceptable use policies your aups even

notice when you go to mcdonald's or kfc

and you want to connect to their wi-fi

that they give you a certain amount of

data for a certain period of time that's

the acceptable use policy when you go to

baywest and you connect or shopping

center you connect they give you they

don't give you unlimited data they give

you a certain amount of data a certain

amount of speed

and a certain amount of time so that you

can use it do what you need to and then

get off

okay

so

it will say you know what the user can

do what they permitted to do and not to

basic netiquette rules

and it basically serves as the contract

between the

provider and you as the consumer

okay so again you can go and read

through that

you know what should be in there

again you don't have to know every

single detail but you should know at

least two or three of those

uh then the next one was the browsing

experience the the usability of websites

now in grade 11 we would have started

with html so this plays into that

so i'm not going to spend too much time

on that i'm just going to breeze through

this

you know your website should have proper

navigation

shouldn't be any broken links or things

like that

you want to use proper fonts and the

same fonts all the way through so that

there's consistency i mean look at this

site it's got good fonts you know

keeping it to a reasonable size you've

got your menu on the side for navigation

so all of that looks good you can see

when they go to the next page still the

same headings still the same menu items

on the side the text is still more or

less the same size

and type so it it you know we you just

trying to keep that consistency going

there also your layout should be well

designed as you saw with the others your

typography please don't use multiple

fonts on one website you want to make

sure that it's easy to read not huge

fonts

or something too small that you're going

to need a magnifying glass please kind

of you know just

think

just think before you do this think of

your favorite website

even think of you know facebook and

things like that

you see how everything has been

structured so it's easy to read and easy

to go through everything

that's how your web page should be

okay some other factors affecting

browsing obviously privacy you don't

just click on everything all right

there's things like spyway

which is

big big business because people want to

know what you are looking at and what

your friends are looking at so they can

target you with certain adverts hoping

that you would then buy those products

so just know what spyware is as well

your profile your online profile is

based on which programs you use how

often you use them the websites you go

to those cookies by the way when you go

to a website and they say accept all

cookies and you click on them yeah

you know it's getting your your browsing

data okay

just say

just say

adware oh this this is you know

irritating like like really irritating

so adway is software that just downloads

and it bombards you with ads you just

connect to the internet it's ad ad and

ahead and

so be careful of the free program sorry

that are out there

um and uh yeah this type of software can

use up a lot of data so you want to have

an antivirus software to make sure that

you are okay

and the last one was finding information

again tying into those of you who are

doing the pet in grade 11 we go from

data to information to knowledge

data that needs to be processed

um

data needs not that needs to be

data needs to be processed to turn it

into information that makes sense

so we know this we have we've covered

this in grade 10 already

knowledge now turns inside or into

insight when we extend this information

by picking up patterns and gaining

insight for example

a shopping center allows you

to connect to the wi-fi you know why so

they can pick up the trend of where

people are going to first which shops

are more popular what's the sort of

route people take within the shops and

haven't you seen in

shopping centers that they sometimes

chop and change where the location of

certain shops are or where the food

court is and things like that

they're using you

but

that's what they do so that they can

work out what the best layout is

for you

why so that you can spend money okay

that's the ultimate goal of a shopping

center they want to make money

so here's our problem solving cycle we

determine a strategy

sorry we have a task definition then we

determine the strategy we implement it

and then we reflect

so they talk a bit about questions the

role of questions um i think a great

time we spoke about the open and closed

question as well

we know we can

you know these days we have an unlimited

supply of

resource material when i was growing up

i remember in primary school having to

do

an assignment on world war ii and i had

to go

get this to the library i know some of

you don't go there

but i had to go to the library to go and

find books then you know actually open

them and read them in order to extract

the information make photocopies and

things like that and then reword it uh

and if i was quoting you would quote

with appropriate sources you know

appropriate references

um and that's how i'd create my

assignment not this copy and paste from

google but we've got so much

more resources these days

then some of the data processing

techniques you know we use word we use

excel we use graphs you know all these

different things it's just showing you

what we can actually do

effective reporting they mention as well

where they talk about the report the

introduction you should have a main body

and a conclusion you want to look at

things like copyright intellectual

property correct referencing and

bibliography this is now when you're

putting everything together to present

this report

or assignment these are things we should

be looking at an electronic presentation

provides a useful quick overview and

summary of the report they're mentioning

this because in grade 11

for those who in the department of

education pet you will be doing this

okay so

please bear that in mind

they mentioned the information

management cycle again you can go

through this and really ask too many

questions on that

um again this is this is path related

the task definition what a task

definition is they give us a few

examples

um

yeah

really that's basically it we by now we

know what the task definition is the

types of questions the levels of

questions as well again this is

very specific to the path that

all of you are doing

okay so i'm just going to breeze through

that

these are just

when you busy with your questionnaire

when you're trying to ask questions

remember that that table that you would

be creating where you are asking

questions to guide your research those

three tables that you're supposed to

have

okay this is what would then help you

you could conduct a survey as well

because remember with your pet what's

going to happen is you're going to

conduct a questionnaire survey and

convert that into a spreadsheet which

you are going to then draw

information

from

so there are different ways to do

surveys very important because they have

asked in the in the question papers

already the difference between a

questionnaire and a survey

and why you would choose one over the

other

okay then you have your types of surveys

they just mentioned a few and give us

some details

that's obviously an electronic survey

um setting effective survey questions so

these could be

you know mentioned as tips when

conducting your survey or when putting

survey questions together what should

you be looking at

okay uh yeah that's all fine the

effective layout how is your survey been

laid out again guys you can just go

through this

i'm checking the quality of the

information

you know

you know they don't ask too many

questions on this but again

just go through it um you should have

covered this as well

and again this is based this is based on

what we've been doing okay it's based

off the bet

and yeah

i think that is about it sorry that i'm

throwing that up now

um let me just

okay so

that basically brings us to the end of

everything that was covered in term two

so guys if you have any other questions

let me know in the comments i will be

doing a prac on this as well

so that you can see the practice modules

that we've covered for the term but this

is your theory for term two

you