PHOTOSYNTHESIS: LIGHT_INDEPENDET REACTION or CALVIN CYCLE Tagalog
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the light-independent stage, or Calvin cycle, of photosynthesis. It reviews the light-dependent stage and introduces the process of converting light energy into chemical energy, primarily glucose. The video explains the roles of chloroplasts, thylakoids, and stroma, and outlines the chemical reactions involved in producing glucose and oxygen. It details the Calvin cycle's three phases: carbon dioxide fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP, emphasizing the cycle's dependency on ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent stage.
Takeaways
- 🌱 Photosynthesis is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy, primarily stored as glucose (sugar).
- 🌿 The process occurs in chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
- 🔬 Photosynthesis has two stages: the light-dependent stage and the light-independent stage (Calvin cycle).
- ☀️ The light-dependent reaction requires light energy and water, producing oxygen and high-energy molecules ATP and NADPH.
- 🌿 The Calvin cycle (light-independent reaction) does not require light energy but uses carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to produce glucose.
- 🔄 The Calvin cycle consists of three phases: carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate).
- 🧬 Carbon dioxide fixation involves the enzyme RuBisCO, which combines CO2 with a five-carbon molecule (RuBP) to form two three-carbon molecules (3-phosphoglycerate).
- 🔋 Carbon dioxide reduction converts 3-phosphoglycerate into carbohydrates (G3P) using ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction.
- 🔁 RubP regeneration uses G3P from the second phase to regenerate RuBP, enabling the cycle to start again.
- 🌐 It takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glucose, highlighting the efficiency of photosynthesis.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the light-independent stage or Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
What is the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?
-Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place. They are responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis mentioned in the script?
-The two stages of photosynthesis mentioned are the light-dependent stage and the light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin cycle.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis as described in the script?
-The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2.
What are the products and byproducts of photosynthesis according to the script?
-The products of photosynthesis are glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen (O2), while the byproduct is water.
What is the role of the thylakoid in the light-dependent reaction?
-The thylakoid is where the light-dependent reaction occurs, which involves the splitting of water molecules to release oxygen and produce high-energy molecules like ATP and NADPH.
What is the function of the stroma in the Calvin cycle?
-The stroma is where the light-independent reactions or Calvin cycle take place, where carbon dioxide is fixed and reduced to form glucose using ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent stage.
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle mentioned in the script?
-The three phases of the Calvin cycle are carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and the regeneration of RuBP.
How does carbon dioxide fixation occur in the Calvin cycle?
-Carbon dioxide fixation occurs when carbon dioxide reacts with RuBP (a five-carbon molecule) with the help of the enzyme RuBisCO to form two three-carbon phosphoglycerate molecules.
What happens during the carbon dioxide reduction phase in the Calvin cycle?
-During the carbon dioxide reduction phase, phosphoglycerate is converted into carbohydrates or G3P using NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reaction.
How is RuBP regenerated in the Calvin cycle, and what is its role in the cycle?
-RuBP is regenerated using G3P from the second phase of the Calvin cycle, with the help of ATP. One G3P molecule is left to become a building block for glucose, and the rest are used to regenerate RuBP, allowing the cycle to start again.
Why is the Calvin cycle considered a cycle, and how many turns are needed to produce one molecule of glucose?
-The Calvin cycle is considered a cycle because it repeats the same process to produce glucose. It requires six turns of the cycle to produce one molecule of glucose.
Outlines
🌿 Light Independent Stage of Photosynthesis
This paragraph delves into the second stage of photosynthesis, known as the light-independent stage or the Calvin cycle. It is a continuation from the light-dependent stage, focusing on the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose without the need for light energy. The process occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts and involves three main phases: carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP. Carbon dioxide fixation involves the enzyme RuBisCO, which combines CO2 with a five-carbon molecule, RuBP, to form two three-carbon molecules of phosphoglycerate. In the reduction phase, these molecules are converted into carbohydrates or G3P using ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions. Finally, during regeneration, one G3P is used as a building block for glucose, and the rest are used to regenerate RuBP, allowing the cycle to continue. The paragraph emphasizes that six cycles are necessary to produce one molecule of glucose.
🌱 Recap of the Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis
The second paragraph provides a recap of the light-independent stage or Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. It explains the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in reacting carbon dioxide with RuBP to produce two phosphoglycerate molecules. These phosphoglycerates are then transformed into carbohydrates or G3P during the reduction phase, utilizing ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions. The paragraph also details the regeneration phase, where one G3P molecule is left to serve as a building block for glucose, and the rest are used to regenerate RuBP with the help of ATP. The cycle repeats, and it is highlighted that six turns of the cycle are required to make one molecule of glucose. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the essential components of photosynthesis: sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, which together produce sugar and oxygen.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Photosynthesis
💡Chloroplast
💡Light-dependent reaction
💡Thylakoid
💡Stroma
💡Calvin cycle
💡Carbon dioxide fixation
💡ATP and NADPH
💡Rubisco enzyme
💡Glucose
💡Oxygen
Highlights
Introduction to the light-independent stage or Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
Review of the light-dependent stage as the first stage of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, primarily glucose.
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, found only in plant cells, not animal cells.
Thylakoid is where the light-dependent reaction occurs, and stroma is where the light-independent reaction happens.
The overall photosynthesis equation involves CO2, H2O, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.
The light-dependent reaction requires light energy and water to produce oxygen and high-energy molecules ATP and NADPH.
The Calvin cycle does not require light energy but uses CO2, ATP, and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction.
Calvin cycle consists of three phases: carbon dioxide fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
Carbon dioxide fixation involves the reaction of CO2 with RuBP to form 3-phosphoglycerate.
Carbon dioxide reduction converts 3-phosphoglycerate to carbohydrates or G3P using ATP and NADPH.
RubP regeneration uses G3P to recreate RuBP, enabling the cycle to start again.
One G3P molecule is used as a building block for glucose, and the rest are used to regenerate RuBP.
Six turns of the cycle are needed to produce one molecule of glucose.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugar and oxygen.
The video aims to help viewers better understand the process of photosynthesis.
Transcripts
magandang araw ako si Teacher may at sa
video na ito pag-aaralan natin ang light
independent stage or Calvin cycle ng
photosynthesis This is a continuation of
what we have learned from the previous
video noong nakaraan pinag-aralan natin
ang light dependent stage na siyang
first stage ng
photosynthesis at bago tayo mag patuloy
sa second stage magre-review muna
tayo Photosynthesis is a process that
converts light energy into chemical
energy tandaan na ang chemical energy na
ito ay ang glucose or sugar na siyang
main product ng
photosynthesis ito ang chloroplast at
dito nangyayari ang photos synthesis ang
chloroplast ay makikita lamang sa mga
plant cell at hindi sa animal cell isa
ito sa pinagkaiba ng plant cell sa
animal
cell o naman ang thylakoid dito
nagaganap ang light dependent
reaction o naman ang stroma kung saan
nangyayari ang light independent
reaction or Calvin cycle
ang buong proseso ng photosynthesis ay
makikita sa equation na six molecules of
carbon dioxide or CO2 plus six molecules
of water or
H2O at sa tulong ng light energy galing
sa araw ay makagagawa ng isang molecule
of glucose or C6 h12 o6 na isang ang
klase ng
sugar na siya namang main product ng
photosynthesis at six molecules of
oxygen or o2 na siya namang byproduct ng
photosynthesis ito ang buong reactants
at ito naman ang buong
products ito ay simpleng diagram na
nagpapakita ng buong proseso ng
photosynthesis ito ang light dependent
reaction sa stage na ito dito kailangan
ang light energy galing sa araw at tubig
ang
nangyayari hahatiin ng light energy ang
tubig na may chemical formula na
H2O ilalabas ang oxygen papunta sa
atmosphere na siyang in-in natin at ang
high hydrogen na matitira ay gagamitin
para gumawa ng ATP at nad PH na
gagamitin naman sa susunod na stage na
light independent reaction o Calvin
cycle So ano nga ba ang nangyayari sa
Calvin cycle or light independent
reaction light independent kasi hindi
kailangan ang light energy sa stage na
ito ang kailangan ay ang carbon dioxide
at ATP at n PH na galing sa light
dependent reaction para gumawa ng
glucose na siya namang again main
product ng
photosynthesis ang Calvin cycle or light
independent stage ay may tatlong pte or
tatlong stages ito ay ang carbon dioxide
fixation carbon dioxide reduction at
regeneration of
rubp So paano nga ba ginagawa ang
glucose sa light independent
reaction ang unang phase ng light
independent reaction or Calvin cycle ay
carbon dioxide
fixation gamit ang carbon dioxide at
rubp na isang five Carbon molecule Ay
gaga gawa ng phosphoglycerate o 3pg sa
tulong ng rubisco enzyme sa phase na ito
may product na dalawang three Carbon
phosphoglycerate
phase two ito ang carbon dioxide
reduction ang mangyayari ay iko-convert
ang phosphoglycerate to carbohydrates or
glucose o g3p
sa tulong ng nad ph at ATP na galing sa
light dependent
reaction at dahil sa prosesong ito ang
nad PH ay magiging nad p+ at ang ATP ay
magiging adp ulit tapos babalik sila sa
thylacoleo
rubp
regeneration at dahil ang photosynthesis
ay isang cycle na process kailangan
gumawa ulit ng
rubp gagamitin ang
g3p galing sa phase 2 para gumawa ulit
ng
rubp ang g3p ay may tatlong Carbon ang
isa non ay maiiwan para maging building
lock ng glucose then the rest ay
gagamitin para maging
rubp sa tulong ng
ATP at ang
rubp ay gagamitin ulit to start another
cycle as a summary of light independent
stage or Calvin
cycle si carbon dioxide ay magre-react
kay rubp sa tulong ng rubisco enzyme
para makagawa ng dalawang
phosphoglycerate
tapos si phosphoglycerate ay dadalhin sa
phase 2 para maging carbohydrates or
g3p gamit ang nad ph at ATP na galing sa
light dependent
reaction after sa phase two pupunta si
g3p sa phase
3 ang isang molecule ng g3p ay maiiwan
para maging building block na glucose
tapos the rest of the
g3p ay gagamitin para gumawa ng
rubp sa tulong ng ATP and The Cycle
repeats
tandaan na kailangan ng six turns of
cycle to make one molecule of
glucose and this is how the
Photosynthesis or the process of
photosynthesis happens you need sunlight
carbon dioxide and water to produce
sugar as the main product and oxygen as
waste
product sana ay nakatulong ang video na
ito para mas maintindihan ninyo ang
Lesson sa school hanggang sa susunod
paalam
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