Coding Exercise for Beginners in Python with solution | Exercise 25 | Python for Beginners #lec75

Summary

In this Python programming tutorial, viewers learn how to create a function to determine the number of days in a month, considering leap years. The instructor guides through coding a 'days_in_month' function that accepts year and month as inputs. The function checks if the year is a leap year and returns 29 days for February in that case. Otherwise, it uses a list to return the number of days based on the month. The video also touches on the concept of return versus print in functions, promising a deeper dive in the next episode.

Takeaways

• 💻 The video is part of a series on learning Python programming language, specifically focusing on functions.
• 📚 The previous video discussed how to return multiple values from a function and use multiple return statements.
• 📝 The coding exercise is to create a function that determines the number of days in a given month, considering leap years.
• 🗓️ For non-leap years, February has 28 days, and for leap years, it has 29 days.
• 🔢 Users input a year and a month number (1 for January, 2 for February, etc.) to get the number of days in that month.
• 🔄 The function 'days_in_month' checks if the year is a leap year and returns the correct number of days based on the month.
• 📑 A separate function 'leap_year' is used to determine if a given year is a leap year based on divisibility rules.
• 🔄 The 'leap_year' function returns 'True' if the year is a leap year and 'False' otherwise.
• 💡 The script emphasizes the importance of understanding the difference between using 'print' and 'return' in functions.
• 👨‍🏫 The video encourages viewers to practice the logic on paper before coding to solidify their understanding.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is learning how to create a Python function to determine the number of days in a given month, taking into account whether the year is a leap year or not.

What is the purpose of the coding exercise mentioned in the script?

The purpose of the coding exercise is to practice creating a Python function that returns the correct number of days in a month based on the input year and month, with special consideration for leap years.

What is the twist in the coding exercise that the script refers to?

The twist in the coding exercise is the need to account for leap years, where February has 29 days instead of the usual 28.

How does the script suggest to represent months when coding?

The script suggests representing months numerically, where 1 means January, 2 means February, and so on.

What is the condition to check if a year is a leap year according to the script?

A year is considered a leap year if it is divisible by 4, but years divisible by 100 are leap years only if they are also divisible by 400.

What is the significance of the 'days_list' in the script?

The 'days_list' is a list in the script that contains the number of days in each month, used to return the correct number of days based on the month input.

Why is 'month - 1' used in the script when accessing the 'days_list'?

The 'month - 1' is used because list indices start at 0 in Python, so to align the month number with the correct index in the list, 1 must be subtracted from the month number.

What is the difference between 'print' and 'return' in the context of the script?

In the context of the script, 'print' is used to output the result directly to the console, while 'return' is used to return a value from a function, which can then be used or displayed elsewhere in the program.

What is the role of the 'leap_year' function in the script?

The 'leap_year' function in the script is used to determine if the given year is a leap year. It returns 'True' if it is a leap year and 'False' otherwise.

What is the next topic the script mentions will be discussed in the next video?

The next topic to be discussed in the next video is the difference between 'print' and 'return' in Python functions.

Outlines

00:00

🐍 Introduction to Python Functions for Days in a Month

This paragraph introduces a coding exercise in a Python programming tutorial series. The focus is on creating a function to determine the number of days in a given month, taking into account leap years for February. The exercise involves prompting the user to input a year and a month, then using a function to return the correct number of days in that month. For non-leap years, February has 28 days, but in a leap year, it has 29. The video provides a link to a previous tutorial on how to determine if a year is a leap year. The exercise is meant to be a practical application of functions in Python, specifically focusing on return statements and handling multiple return values.

05:02

📝 Implementing the Days in Month Function

The paragraph delves into the implementation of the 'days in month' function in Python. It explains the process of defining the function, taking 'year' and 'month' as parameters. The function checks if the year is a leap year and if the month is February; if both conditions are true, it returns 29 days. Otherwise, it uses a list of days corresponding to each month to return the correct number of days. The list is accessed using the month index, which is adjusted by subtracting one from the user input to account for zero-based indexing in Python. The paragraph also discusses the logic for determining leap years, which is incorporated into the function. The tutorial suggests copying the leap year logic into a separate function called 'leap_year' that returns a boolean value. The function's return value is then used within the 'days_in_month' function to decide the output.

10:02

🔍 Testing the Function and Upcoming Topics

The final paragraph discusses testing the 'days in month' function with various inputs, including leap years and different months. It provides examples of running the function with the year 2023 for February, which returns 28 days, and with 2024, which is a leap year, resulting in 29 days for February. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of understanding the logic and encourages learners to write the logic on paper to better grasp the concepts. It also hints at future tutorial topics, specifically the difference between the 'print' and 'return' statements in functions, which will be covered in the next video. The tutorial concludes with a reminder to practice and a thank you note to the viewers.

Keywords

💡Python programming language

Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose programming language. It is known for its readability and ease of use, making it a popular choice for beginners and professionals alike. In the context of the video, Python is the central theme as the script discusses learning and applying Python functions, specifically focusing on how to determine the number of days in a month.

💡functions

In Python, a function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Functions allow programmers to organize code into manageable and reusable pieces. The video script discusses creating a function named 'days_in_month' to calculate the number of days in a given month, demonstrating the practical application of functions in Python programming.

💡multiple return values

A function in Python can return multiple values by returning a tuple. This feature is mentioned in the script, where the previous video's content is referenced, discussing how to return multiple values from a single function. This is a useful technique for returning multiple pieces of data from a function call.

💡leap year

A leap year is a year that is divisible by 4, except for years that are divisible by 100 but not by 400. Leap years are important for calculating the number of days in February, as they have 29 days instead of the usual 28. The script discusses a function to determine if a year is a leap year, which is crucial for the 'days_in_month' function to return the correct number of days for February.

💡conditional statements

Conditional statements in Python, such as 'if' and 'else', allow the program to make decisions based on certain conditions. The script uses conditional statements to check if a year is a leap year and if the month is February, which determines whether to return 28 or 29 days for February.

💡input function

The 'input()' function in Python is used to take user input from the console. In the script, the 'input()' function is used to gather the year and month from the user, which are then passed to the 'days_in_month' function to determine the number of days in that month.

💡list

A list in Python is a mutable, ordered collection of items. The script uses a list to store the number of days for each month, allowing the function to easily access the correct number of days based on the user's input. This demonstrates the use of lists for storing and accessing data in Python.

💡indexing

Indexing in Python refers to accessing elements in a list or other sequences by their position. The script uses indexing to retrieve the number of days for the specified month from the 'days_list'. It's important to note that indexing starts at 0 in Python, so the script correctly adjusts the month number by subtracting one to get the right index.

💡return statement

The 'return' statement in Python is used to return a value from a function. The script explains the difference between using 'print' and 'return' within functions. It uses 'return' to send the calculated number of days back to the caller, which can then be printed or used in further processing.

💡logic

Logic in programming refers to the set of rules and procedures used to determine the correct sequence of operations. The script discusses the logic behind determining leap years and calculating the number of days in a month. Understanding logic is essential for writing correct and efficient code, as demonstrated in the video's coding exercise.

Highlights

Introduction to a series on learning Python programming language, focusing on functions.

Explanation of returning multiple values from a function and using multiple return statements.

Coding exercise to find the number of days in a month, with a twist for leap years.

Details on how to handle February days in a leap year, with 29 days instead of 28.

Instructions on how to input the year and month for the function.

Creation of a function named 'days_in_month' to determine the number of days.

Use of a list to store the number of days in each month.

Conditional logic to check if the year is a leap year before determining February's days.

Defining a separate function to check for leap years.

Logic to determine if a year is divisible by 4, 100, or 400 to ascertain leap year status.

Return values from functions instead of printing, to be used in other parts of the program.

Explanation of how to use the 'leap_year' function within the 'days_in_month' function.

Demonstration of the function with an example year and month.

Running the program and getting the correct number of days for February in a leap year.

Providing a link to a video explaining how to check for leap years in more detail.

Encouragement for viewers to practice the exercise and understand the logic.

Teaser for the next video, which will discuss the difference between print and return in functions.

Transcripts

hey everyone I hope you are safe and

doing good so in the series of learning

Python programming language we are

discussing functions in Python in the

previous video we have seen like how to

return multiple values from a function

and how to use multiple return statement

within one function right so now we'll

be doing one coding exercise simple one

and that is you have to find out number

of days in a month

suppose I enter like January then it

will tell number of days are 31 February

28 like this like December 31. okay but

here is one twist if it is a leap year

in that case in February we are having

29 days

so that also you have to apply that

logic if the year is Leap Year then

suppose

to think usable letter first is enter a

year suppose I am entering here two zero

two three

enter a month

month we will be entering not to January

February like one two three four like

this one means January 2 means February

like this so I'm entering like two

so two means February in February in 23

number of days 28 like this

but if it's two zero two four that would

be a leap year so it will give 29.

right so you have to apply to logic one

is that first need to check the air is

Leap Year or not if the air is Leap Year

and the month is February the month is

two then

it will return 29 right we are basically

doing this exercise with the help of

functions

okay otherwise according to you know

January February and like this it will

give number of days 31 28 30 and like

this right so one thing we have

discussed how to check a year is Leap

Year or not

the link of that video I'll put in the

side button you can check out that video

first

in the that video we have clearly you

know defined clearly you know defined

you can say or discuss the flowchart as

well as

how to

have to find uh how to find out if a

year is a leap year or not right with

the elbow program also I have shown

so you can check out that video first

then come to this video

okay I hope you heard what is the

problem statement what you need to do

right now pause the video and try this

out okay so I hope you have done this

exercise now let's do it together let's

create a new file and like I'm naming it

days in month Dot py

see this is a one according to size in

which we are checking we were checking

like the hair is Leap Year or not so

this logic we are going to use in a this

program also so two input you need to

take from user first is year and second

is month using input function we will be

taking this input

now we're defining a function suppose

the name of function I'm taking like uh

days in

month because we are checking number of

days in a month so what you will pass to

argument obviously here and month

okay so this is what we are calling this

function so before calling obviously you

have to Define this function so how to

define in depth

same name you need to take

days in month and two parameters so two

variable you need to take either you can

take same like yeah same name year and

month or you can take different name

that is also fine

like y m or any other thing okay

now you need to check see what will put

there's one condition if here is Leap

Year and the month is February month

equal to equal to two in that case it

should print 29 otherwise

it will print according to like 31 28 30

like this right so we have we have a

list

like days list I'm taking a name days

list equal to

for January it's 31 days then at second

index like February 28 like this

so this list we are having

so like at zeroth index for month first

January you will access 31 then 28 31

like this from this we can access days

in a month according to whatever day you

provide

but here one condition you need to pick

like this if

like I'm taking year is

leap year

one is this thing

obviously it is not a proper condition

we will write down that condition but

this thing you need to put right

or let's write down its only leap year

and and month should be

month equal to equal to 2 means February

means two January 1 February two like

this we are mapping the months

then

we are not printing

we are returning then it this function

should return 29.

else

you can use else or

simply without using else also we can

write down that that condition

that thing else what it will return

from this list we will be accessing

number of days okay

so provide the list name days list

and what index we will provide

whatever month

you will enter

but that is not correct because month if

I am entering month is 1.

means it should fetch this value 31 but

this value at least is from at zeroth

index because index is done from 0 0 1 2

3 4 like this not one

so we should give here month minus one

then it will give you correct value if

month I am providing 1 then 1 minus 1 is

0. so days list and index is 0 at 0

index we are having 31 so it will return

31. I hope you got this right but how to

check

if it is a leap year or not

this logic we are having leap year logic

right so let's

copy paste this thing

and before this function suppose

this is a logic right for finding leap

year

so what we can do we can just Define a

function here

for checking leap year depth

and what we will pass in parameter only

here

right and this logic we can put

within this

so we have to put this thing in

indentation as an indented block within

this function right

so if the ear is Leap Year like if it is

Mode 4 it is divided by 4 completely

then we will check if it's divisible by

100 if true then we will check if it

divided by 400 then only it will be a

leap year right else not a leap year but

if a number is divisible by 4 but not

divisible by hundred

then it is a leap year and if a number

is not divisible by 4 then it is not a

leap year so rather than printing leap

year and not leap year we are just

returning true and false okay so

whatever whatever this function will

return

that value will

accept here so means in this in this

condition we are calling this function

leap year so if

Leap Year and have to call obviously

parameter we have to pass here

right

and month equal to equal to 2 so if

it will return to so rather than leap

year what you need to

do here just write down

true

and if it is not a leap year then it

should return

false

here same return true

and here return false

right

so whatever it will return we will face

we will accept here so if it is

returning true means it is a leap year

true and month equal to equal to 2 means

true and true then it will return 29 if

it will return false like it is not a

leap year then obviously you will not

check this condition because here it is

and

to be

you know to make this condition true

both should be true but if air is not a

leap year then it will return false

means false means we will not enter into

this if part and else it will return

days list month minus one Whatever month

you will enter right so just because it

is returning we are not printing here so

we have to accept that thing in a

variable like let's suppose days and

simply we will print

that variable days

okay let's run this and see what output

you will get here

definitely roads and invalid syntax

where we have

C

this should be here

now let's run this

entire year here is 2 0 2 3.

and month is supposed to means February

it's 28 let's run this again and let's

enter a leap year

so 2024 would be a leap year

okay

month is 2 it should be in 29. see it is

returning 29 right or any other we can

also enter like f 2 0 to 2.

and it's 5 means may may is 31 so it

will return 31.

okay I hope you got the logic it's not

so tough if you are not getting this

it's okay you can take a break you can

just write down this thing the complete

logic

a piece of paper and dry on this

manually rather than on your laptop one

by one like first this line then this

line then this will happen then calling

of the function like this and like this

then definitely we'll get it so see in

if

statement we can

write down any expression like any

condition like this or we can call any

function in like this right so here we

are not printing the values we are

returning values so what is the

difference between print and return

when we should print the values when we

should use print when we should you know

use return in a function right so this

thing will be discussing in next video

right so I hope you have got this for

exercise now in the next video we'll see

what is the difference between print and

return

these are two different concept right so

now it's in the next video till then

thank you