Ensiklopedia Indonesia | Kepahlawanan Si Ayam Jantan dari Timur Sultan Hasanuddin
Summary
TLDRThe video script provides a detailed history of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, a prominent maritime kingdom in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It covers the strategic location, economic activities, and political alliances that shaped the Sultanate's development. The script highlights the leadership of Sultan Alauddin and Sultan Hasanuddin, who resisted Dutch colonial forces in the 17th century. Despite eventual defeat, Sultan Hasanuddin is celebrated as a national hero for his bravery. The video also discusses the lasting cultural and historical influence of the Sultanate, including its architectural and literary legacies.
Takeaways
- 📜 The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, also known as the Makassar Sultanate, was located in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
- ⚔️ In 1528, the Gowa and Tallo Sultanates formed an alliance, creating the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, which became a powerful maritime kingdom.
- 🌊 The Sultanate was strategically positioned with a strong harbor, advanced maritime economy, and skilled sailors, making Makassar an international trading hub.
- 🏺 The Sultanate traded various goods such as rice, meat, and camphor, and imported items like clothing and ceramics from China.
- 📚 The legal system in Makassar included maritime trade laws, contributing to the region's economic growth and international trade relations.
- 🌍 The spread of Islam in Makassar was significantly influenced by a West Sumatran cleric, Dato Ribandang, leading to the conversion of King Gowa Daeng Manrabia to Islam, who was later known as Sultan Alauddin.
- 🛡️ Sultan Alauddin and his successors, particularly Sultan Muhammad Said and Sultan Hasanuddin, resisted Dutch (VOC) attempts to monopolize the spice trade in the region.
- 🐓 Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster of the East,' fiercely defended Makassar against Dutch colonial forces, leading to the famous Makassar War, which was one of the largest conflicts faced by the VOC in the 17th century.
- 🏛️ The fall of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate occurred after the signing of the Bongaya Treaty in 1667, which gave the Dutch significant control over the region, including the construction of Fort Rotterdam.
- 🏅 Sultan Hasanuddin remains a national hero in Indonesia, honored for his resistance against colonialism, with his name commemorated in several institutions, including Hasanuddin University and Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport.
Q & A
What was the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, and where was it located?
-The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, often referred to simply as the Makassar Sultanate, was a maritime kingdom located in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was formed through a union between the Gowa and Tallo kingdoms in 1528.
What was the primary economic activity of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?
-The primary economic activity of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate was maritime trade. Its strategic location and advanced ports allowed it to become a major hub for international trade, attracting merchants from Europe and Asia.
How did the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate's location contribute to its success?
-The Sultanate's strategic location on the coast of Makassar allowed it to control key maritime trade routes, making it a crucial port for international traders, including the Portuguese and the English. Its well-developed ports and skilled sailors also bolstered its defense and trade capabilities.
What evidence suggests that the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate had trade relations with China?
-The presence of ceramics from the Sung and Ming dynasties in the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate is evidence that the kingdom had established trade relations with China.
Who was Sultan Alauddin, and what was his significance in the history of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?
-Sultan Alauddin was a ruler of the Gowa Sultanate who embraced Islam in 1605. His reign marked the beginning of the spread of Islam in the region, and he played a significant role in resisting Dutch colonial forces.
What was the significance of the Bongaya Treaty?
-The Bongaya Treaty, signed in 1667, marked the defeat of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate by the Dutch VOC. It granted the VOC monopoly rights over trade in Makassar, forced Makassar to release the Bone region, and allowed the Dutch to build Fort Rotterdam in the heart of the Sultanate.
How did Sultan Hasanuddin earn the title 'Rooster of the East'?
-Sultan Hasanuddin earned the title 'Rooster of the East' due to his fierce resistance against Dutch colonial forces. He led the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate during the Makassar War, which was one of the largest conflicts the VOC faced in the 17th century.
What were the consequences of the Dutch VOC's victory over the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?
-The Dutch VOC's victory led to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty, the fall of the Sultanate's strongholds, and the eventual decline of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate as a maritime power. The Dutch gained significant control over trade in the region.
What role did the Islamic scholar Dato Ribandang play in the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?
-Dato Ribandang was an Islamic scholar from West Sumatra who played a key role in spreading Islam in Makassar. His influence led to the conversion of the Gowa Sultanate's rulers to Islam, starting with Sultan Alauddin.
How is Sultan Hasanuddin's legacy preserved in modern Indonesia?
-Sultan Hasanuddin's legacy is preserved through various institutions and landmarks named after him, including Hasanuddin University, Kodam 14 Hasanuddin (a military command), and Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar.
Outlines
🌊 The Rise and Trade of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate
The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, also known as the Makassar Sultanate, was a prominent maritime kingdom in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, established in 1528 through the unification of the Gowa and Tallo kingdoms. It was strategically located with advanced ports, robust sailors, and a strong naval defense, which facilitated its development into an international trade hub. The Sultanate was known for its maritime trade laws and rich natural resources like rice, meat, camphor, and black barus. It also imported foreign goods, including Bengali textiles and Chinese ceramics, indicating extensive trade relations with China. The society within the Sultanate was mainly composed of fishermen and traders, with strict adherence to Islamic customs and local laws. The early 16th century saw the introduction of Islam by Dato Ribandang from West Sumatra, influencing the conversion of King Daeng Manrabia to Islam, who then took the name Sultan Alauddin. Under his rule and that of his successors, Gowa-Tallo emerged as a formidable maritime power known for its robust seafaring vessels like the Phinisi and Lombok boats.
⚔️ Conflicts with the Dutch and the Makassar War
During the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) sought to monopolize the lucrative spice trade in the region, leading to tensions with the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate. Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster of the East' for his bravery, resisted the VOC's attempts to control trade in Makassar. In 1660, the VOC launched an unsuccessful attack on Makassar, but in 1667, they returned under Cornelis Speelman, this time with allied forces. This led to the protracted Makassar War, one of the largest conflicts faced by the VOC in the 17th century. Despite fierce resistance from Sultan Hasanuddin and his forces, the Dutch ultimately prevailed, forcing the Sultan to sign the Treaty of Bongaya on November 18, 1667, which severely restricted Makassar's sovereignty, granted the VOC trade monopoly rights, and allowed them to construct Fort Rotterdam. Continued resistance from the Sultan led to further battles, culminating in the fall of the Sultanate's stronghold, Fort Somba Opu, in 1669, marking the end of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate's power.
🏺 The Legacy and Cultural Impact of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate
The fall of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate marked the end of its political power but left a lasting cultural legacy. The influence of the Sultanate persists in various fields, including architecture, literature, and Islamic art, evident in the calligraphy and scripts influenced by Arabic and Persian cultures. The Sultanate's resistance against colonial powers, especially under Sultan Hasanuddin, provides a historical lesson in resilience and the pursuit of self-determination. Today, Sultan Hasanuddin is remembered as a national hero in Indonesia, with several institutions named in his honor, including Hasanuddin University, the 14th Military Regional Command, and Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar. The legacy of the Sultanate serves as a symbol of courage and the relentless spirit of the Indonesian people in the face of adversity.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Kesultanan Gowa Tallo
💡Maritime Kingdom
💡Persekutuan
💡Perang Makassar
💡Sultan Hasanuddin
💡VOC (Dutch East India Company)
💡Perjanjian Bongaya
💡Benteng Somba Opu
💡Phinisi
💡Islamic Influence
Highlights
The Sultanate of Gowa-Tallo, often called the Makassar Sultanate, was located in Makassar, South Sulawesi, and was a maritime sultanate known for its strong economic focus on trade.
In 1528, the Sultanates of Gowa and Tallo formed an alliance, leading to the creation of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate.
The Sultanate was strategically located with an advanced port and skilled sailors, making Makassar a major international trading hub frequented by foreign traders like the Portuguese and English.
The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate had its own maritime laws, including 'Adat Bicaranna Pabbalue,' which regulated trade and navigation, further boosting Makassar's economic growth.
The Sultanate was rich in local resources like rice, meat, and camphor, and it imported goods such as textiles and ceramics, indicating active trade relations, including with China.
Islam played a central role in the Sultanate, influencing both the legal system and social norms, with Islamic scholar Dato Ribandang spreading Islam in the region.
In 1605, the ruler of Gowa, Daeng Manrabia, converted to Islam, taking the name Sultan Alauddin, marking a significant religious and political shift in the region.
Sultan Alauddin opposed Dutch influence, particularly their attempts to control Makassar's port, leading to ongoing resistance against the Dutch.
Under Sultan Muhammad Said and Sultan Hasanuddin, the Sultanate reached its peak, expanding its territory to Flores and Solor, and gaining control over other regions like Wajo and Bone.
The Dutch VOC, aiming to monopolize the spice trade, clashed with the Sultanate, leading to the famous Makassar War, where Sultan Hasanuddin fiercely resisted Dutch aggression.
Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster of the East' for his bravery, led one of the most significant and prolonged wars against the VOC in the 17th century.
The 1667 Bongaya Treaty, forced upon Sultan Hasanuddin by the VOC, marked the beginning of the Sultanate's decline, granting the Dutch monopoly rights and the construction of Fort Rotterdam.
Despite signing the Bongaya Treaty, Sultan Hasanuddin continued to resist Dutch control, leading to further conflicts until the eventual fall of the Sultanate.
The destruction of Fort Somba Opu in 1669 marked the final blow to the Sultanate, leading to the death of many defenders and the ultimate surrender to the VOC.
Sultan Hasanuddin is remembered as a national hero in Indonesia, with his legacy honored in institutions like Hasanuddin University and Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport.
Transcripts
hai hai
[Musik]
Hai kok ngomong Kesultanan Gowa Tallo
atau sering disebut sebagai Kesultanan
Makassar adalah Kesultanan yang terletak
di Makassar Sulawesi Selatan wilayahnya
terletak di kabupaten Gowa kondisi
politik di Kesultanan ini dalam bentuk
persekutuan sesuai pilihan masing-masing
terdapat beberapa kesultanan di daerah
ini yaitu gowa-tallo Bone Soppeng Wajo
dan Sidenreng tahun 1528 Kesultanan Gowa
dan Tallo membentuk persekutuan sehingga
melahirkan Kesultanan Gowa Tallo
[Musik]
Kesultanan Gowa Tallo adalah Kesultanan
yang bercorak maritim bisa dilihat dari
kegiatan ekonominya yang paling utama
adalah melakukan perdagangan
Hai Kesultanan Gowa Tallo terletak di
tempat yang strategis memiliki pelabuhan
yang maju memiliki pelaut pelaut tangguh
yang dapat memperkuat barisan pertahanan
laut Makassar Sultan and ini menjadi
pusat perdagangan yang membuat Makassar
berkembang menjadi pelabuhan
internasional yang banyak disinggahi
pedagang asing Seperti Portugis Inggris
dan sebagainya yang datang untuk
melakukan perdagangan di Makasar
terdapat hukum Niaga yang mengatur
pelayaran dan perdagangan di Makassar
yaitu adpin kloping bicaranna pabbalue
hukumnya gak ini membuat perdagangan di
Makasar semakin berkembang Kesultanan
Gowa Tallo kaya akan beras daging kapur
barus hitam dan barang lainnya Tak hanya
itu
Hai Kesultanan Gowa Tallo juga mengambil
barang dagangan dari luar yaitu jenis
pakaian cambai bengal dan keliling
Hai selain pakaian ada juga keramik dari
masa dinasti Sung dan Dinasti Ming yang
menjadi bukti bahwa Kesultanan ini
pernah menjalin hubungan dagang dengan
Tiongkok
di Indonesia sebagai negara maritim
Sebagian besar masyarakat bekerja
sebagai nelayan dan pedagang masyarakat
di Kesultanan ini banyak yang bekerja
keras untuk memenuhi taraf hidupnya
bahkan sampai merantau ke daerah yang
lain walaupun masyarakatnya memiliki
kebebasan mereka terikat dalam suatu
hukum adat yang sakral norma kehidupan
masyarakat Makassar diatur berdasarkan
adat dan agama Islam yang disebut
pangadakkang hasil budaya memang masih
bisa ditemui hingga saat ini adalah
perahu Phinisi dan Lombok yang digunakan
untuk berlayar dan berdagang pada saat
itu pada awal abad 16 terdapat ulama
Islam yang berasal dari Sumatera Barat
yaitu Dato ribandang yang datang ke
Makkah
er dan menyebarkan agama Islam di
Makassar tahun 1605 Raja Gowa yaitu
Daeng manrabia memeluk agama Islam dan
namanya diubah menjadi Sultan Alauddin
dan raja Tallo hingga ia wafat pada
tahun 1639 Sultan Alauddin tidak pernah
mau menerima kapal-kapal Belanda di
pelabuhan milik Gowa tahu beliau
mempunyai Perdana Menteri yaitu karaeng
matoaya yah yang bergelar Sultan
Abdullah dibawah pemerintahannya Sultan
and gowa-tallo menjadi Kesultanan
maritim yang kuat dan orang-orang mulai
mengenal perahu Phinisi dan perahu lampu
sepeninggal Alauddin tahta Raja diduduki
oleh Sultan Muhammad Said seperti halnya
Ayahanda
hai Sultan Muhammad Syahid tidak pernah
mau berdamai dengan Belanda yang sangat
licin Kesultanan Makassar mencapai
puncak kejayaannya pada masa Sultan
Muhammad Said dan Sultan Hasanuddin
kedua Sultan ini membawa Kesultanan Gowa
Tallo menjadi daerah dagang yang kuat
pada masa pemerintahan kedua Sultan
inilah wilayah kekuasaan Kesultanan ini
meluas sampai ke Flores dan pulau solor
di Nusa Tenggara Kesultanan Wajo Bone
Luwu dan Soppeng pun berhasil dikuasai
pada pertengahan abad ke-17 kompeni
Belanda atau VOC berusaha memonopoli
perdagangan rempah-rempah di Maluku
setelah berhasil mengadakan perhitungan
dengan orang-orang Spanyol dan Portugis
kompeni Belanda memaksa orang-orang
negeri itu menjual dengan
Hai harga yang ditetapkan oleh mereka
Selain itu company menyuruh tebang pohon
pala dan cengkeh di beberapa tempat
supaya rempah-rempah jangan terlalu
banyak maka Sultan Hasanuddin menolak
keras kehendak Itu sebab yang demikian
adalah bertentangan dengan kehendak
Allah Untuk itu Sultan Hasanuddin pernah
mengucapkan kepada kompeni Marilah
Berniaga bersama-sama mengadu untuk
dengan Sebab ia kan tapi company tidak
mau Sebab Dia telah melihat besarnya
keuntungan di negeri ini sedangkan
Sultan Hasanuddin memandang bahwa cara
yang demikian itu adalah kezaliman tahun
1660 VOC Belanda menyerang Makassar
tetapi belum berhasil menunjukkan
Kerajaan Gowa tahun 1667
spoke Belanda dibawah pimpinan Cornelis
speelman beserta sekutunya kembali
menyerang Makassar Sultan Hasanudin
dijuluki sebagai ayam jantan dari timur
dikarenakan keberaniannya dalam melawan
pasukan Belanda di Maluku ia terlibat
perang besar dengan VOC yang terkenal
dengan nama perang Makassar perang ini
adalah perang terbesar yang pernah
dialami VOC pada abad ke-17 perang
tersebut berlangsung selama
berbulan-bulan dibawah pimpinan Cornelis
speelman saat itu VOC mengalami
kekalahan yang membuat mereka meminta
bantuan pada Batavia untuk senjata dan
peralatannya pertempuran berlangsung
dimana-mana hingga pada akhirnya
Kerajaan Gowa terdesak dan semakin lemah
sehingga dengan sangat
Sultan Hasanudin menandatangani
Perjanjian Bongaya pada tanggal 18
November 1667 di Bungaya Gowa yang
merasa dirugikan mengadakan perlawanan
lagi pertempuran kembali pecah pada
tahun 1669 kompeni berhasil menguasai
benteng terkuat gua yaitu benteng
sombaopu pada tanggal 24juni 1669
[Musik]
hai Sultan Hasanuddin wafat pada tanggal
12juni
Hai kemudian mereka membuat Merry yang
besar dan diarahkan ke Benteng sombaopu
pada akhirnya tanggal 15juni 1669 VOC
menyerang banteng benteng sombaopu
pertempuran itu berlangsung selama
berjam-jam bahkan berhari-hari meriam
Belanda menembakkan lebih dari Tigapuluh
ribu peluru ke Benteng Somba Opu benteng
itu akhirnya rata dengan tanah banyak
korban yang jatuh dan meninggal serta
membumihanguskan benteng Ibu meskipun
Sultan Hasanudin kalah dalam perang
Makassar Ia tetap seorang pahlawan yang
telah menunjukkan semangat keberaniannya
dalam menghadapi VOC beliau adalah
pahlawan yang sangat berjasa dalam
membela Nusantara ini bahkan sampai
membuat POC mengakui bahwa ia adalah
ayam jantan
Sri Timur dan perang tersebut adalah
perang terlama yang pernah dialami VOC
dan yang paling dahsyat Sultan Hasanudin
adalah pahlawan yang memiliki semangat
yang tinggi dan berkobar-kobar pada saat
Sultan Hasanuddin terlibat perang dalam
VOC beliau dipaksa untuk menandatangani
perjanjian yang dikeluarkan VOC yaitu
perjanjian Bongaya isi dari perjanjian
Bongaya adalah VOC memperoleh hak
monopoli untuk melakukan perdagangan di
Makassar Makassar diharuskan untuk
melepaskan Bone Belanda harus diizinkan
untuk membuat Benteng Rotterdam di pusat
Kesultanan Makassar dan Aru Palaka
diakui sebagai Raja Bone keruntuhan
Kesultanan Gowa Tallo disebabkan VOC
menyerang Kesultanan ini
Hai yang pada saat itu berada dibawah
pimpinan mappasomba mappasomba adalah
anak dari Sultan
[Tepuk tangan]
Hai pengaruh Kesultanan tersebut pada
masa kini terdapat dalam berbagai bidang
misalnya dalam bidang arsitektur sastra
dari pengaruh Arab dan persia seni
kaligrafi
Hai sistem kalender dan aksara-aksara
Islam tidak hanya dalam bentuk
peninggalan Kesultanan Gowa Tallo juga
dapat memberi pelajaran atau nilai
kehidupan bagi kita dari kisah Sultan
Hasanuddin untuk memiliki semangat juang
yang tinggi Dalam menggapai cita-cita
tidak mudah menyerah serta memberikan
yang terbaik untuk menggapai sesuatu
yang kita ingin itu sebagai penghormatan
saat ini nama Hasanuddin diabadikan pada
Universitas Hasanuddin Kodam 14
Hasanuddin dan Bandar Udara
Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin di
Makassar
[Musik]
[Musik]
Hi Ho
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