Perfect tense in German | Perfekt | Partizip II | Learn German Grammar | A1-A2
Summary
TLDRThis video from the 'Learn German for Beginners' series introduces the past participle tense, also known as the Perfekt or present perfect tense, in German. It explains the structure of the tense, the use of helping verbs 'haben' and 'sein', and the formation of past participles. Examples of both regular and irregular verbs are provided, along with tips on when to use each helping verb. The video also covers the formation of past participles for various verb types, including transitives and intransitives, and offers resources like worksheets and podcasts for further learning on Patreon.
Takeaways
- 😀 The video is part of a series on learning German for beginners, focusing on the past participle tense, also known as the present perfect tense.
- 📚 The present perfect tense is commonly used in spoken German and can also be found in private and semi-formal letters.
- 📈 There are three key aspects to mastering the perfect tense: formulating sentences, using helping verbs, and forming the past participle of verbs.
- 🔑 The sentence structure in the perfect tense requires the helping verb (either 'haben' or 'sein') to be in the second position, followed by the past participle of the main verb at the end.
- ❓ The choice between 'haben' and 'sein' as a helping verb depends on the verb's nature, with 'haben' used for most verbs and 'sein' used for verbs indicating a change of place or state.
- 🏷️ The past participle form of a verb can be recognized by the addition of 'ge-' before the stem and an '-en' or '-et' suffix at the end.
- 📝 It's important to learn the past participle form of verbs along with their helping verbs to correctly conjugate them in the perfect tense.
- 🔄 Some verbs can take both 'haben' and 'sein' as helping verbs, depending on the context, such as whether they show a change of place or not.
- 📑 The video provides examples of regular and irregular verbs, and their past participle forms, to help learners practice and memorize.
- 🌐 Viewers are encouraged to visit Patreon for free worksheets, early access to videos, and other learning resources to enhance their German learning experience.
Q & A
What is the main focus of this video series?
-The main focus of this video series is to teach German for beginners, specifically the past participle tense in German, also known as the Perfekt or present perfect tense.
How can viewers access structured courses for learning German?
-Viewers can access structured courses for A1, A2, B1, and B2 levels, as well as various topics from grammar and vocabulary to common mistakes in German by visiting the page on patreon.com.
What is the Perfekt tense used for in German?
-The Perfekt tense is used in spoken language, private and semi-formal letters, and it is commonly used to describe actions that have been completed.
What are the three aspects of the Perfekt tense that one should learn?
-The three aspects are learning how to formulate the sentence, learning how to use the various helping verbs, and learning how to formulate the past participle of the verb.
What is the position of the helping verb in a Perfekt tense sentence?
-In a Perfekt tense sentence, the helping verb is usually in the second position, followed by the past participle of the main verb at the end of the sentence.
Why do some sentences use 'haben' and others 'sein' as the helping verb?
-Sentences use 'haben' or 'sein' as the helping verb based on the nature of the verb. 'Haben' is used with most verbs, while 'sein' is used with verbs that indicate a change of place or state.
Can you give an example of a sentence in the Perfekt tense?
-An example of a sentence in the Perfekt tense is 'Ich habe einen Salat gegessen,' which translates to 'I have eaten a salad.'
How are questions formed in the Perfekt tense?
-In the Perfekt tense, questions are formed by placing the helping verb in the first position, followed by the subject and then the past participle of the main verb.
What are 'trennbare Verben' and how are they used in the Perfekt tense?
-'Trennbare Verben' are separable verbs in German that have a prefix and a base verb. In the Perfekt tense, the past participle is formed by adding the prefix to the past participle of the base verb.
How can one practice the Perfekt tense after watching this video?
-To practice the Perfekt tense, one can become a patron and download a free worksheet from patreon.com, access transcripts and podcasts, and engage with the content to reinforce learning.
What is the significance of learning the past participle form of verbs in German?
-Learning the past participle form of verbs is significant as it is essential for constructing sentences in the Perfekt tense, which is a fundamental aspect of German grammar.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to German Perfect Tense
The script introduces a lesson on the past participle tense in German, known as the Perfekt or present perfect tense. It is commonly used in spoken language and informal writing. The lesson aims to teach sentence construction, the use of helping verbs, and the formation of past participles. Examples are given to illustrate the use of haben and sein as auxiliary verbs and the placement of verbs in a sentence. The script also mentions the availability of structured courses and resources on Patreon for further learning.
📘 Usage of Haben and Sein in Perfect Tense
This paragraph delves into when to use haben and sein as helping verbs in the Perfekt tense. It explains that most verbs use haben, while verbs indicating a change of place or state use sein. Specific examples of verbs and their conjugations are provided to demonstrate the use of these auxiliary verbs. The paragraph also highlights the importance of learning the past participle forms of verbs alongside their auxiliary verbs.
🚶♂️ Perfect Tense with Verbs of Motion and Change
The script discusses verbs that show a change of place or state, which take sein as the helping verb in the Perfekt tense. Examples of such verbs are provided, along with their past participle forms. It also mentions specific verbs that take both sein and haben as helping verbs, depending on the context of change of place. The paragraph emphasizes the need to learn these verbs with their Perfekt forms for better understanding.
📝 Formation of Past Participles for Various Verbs
This section explains the process of forming past participles for different types of verbs in German. It outlines the basic rule of adding -ge to the verb stem and provides examples of regular and irregular verbs. The script also covers the formation of past participles for verbs with a vowel shift and mixed verbs, which take -ge with the verb stem and -t at the end.
🔄 Perfect Tense with Irregular and Prefixed Verbs
The paragraph focuses on the formation of past participles for irregular verbs and those with prefixes, known as 'trennbare Verben'. It explains that irregular verbs often take -ge plus the verb stem plus -t or -n, and provides examples. The script also discusses the use of prefixes with past participles and gives examples of such verbs in the Perfekt tense.
📋 Practice and Resources for Learning Perfect Tense
The final paragraph encourages viewers to practice the Perfekt tense by becoming a patron and accessing free worksheets, transcripts, and podcasts. It advises learners to compile a list of all verbs learned in previous chapters along with their Perfekt forms. The script ends with a call to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for more German learning content.
🔔 Subscription and Engagement Invitation
The script concludes with an invitation for viewers to subscribe to the channel, turn on notifications, and leave comments or questions. It provides a farewell phrase 'Auf Wiedersehen', signaling the end of the video.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Past Participle
💡Perfekt (Present Perfect Tense)
💡Auxiliary Verbs
💡Verb Conjugation
💡Present Tense
💡Participle
💡Question Formation
💡Verb Prefix
💡Irregular Verbs
💡Separable Verbs
💡Patreon
Highlights
Introduction to the past participle tense in German, also known as the Perfekt or 'perfect tense'.
The Perfekt tense is commonly used in spoken language and in informal and semi-formal written communication.
Three aspects of the Perfekt tense: sentence formulation, use of helping verbs, and past participle formation.
Examples of sentences in present and past tense, illustrating the shift to the Perfekt tense.
Explanation of the second position rule for the helping verbs 'haben' and 'sein' in Perfekt sentences.
Demonstration of how verbs move to the end of the sentence in the Perfekt tense and take the past participle form.
Different types of questions in the Perfekt tense and the position of the helping verb and past participle.
When to use 'haben' and when to use 'sein' as the helping verb in the Perfekt tense.
Conjugation of the helping verbs 'haben' and 'sein' and their usage with different verbs.
Examples of verbs that take 'sein' as the helping verb, indicating a change of place or state.
Specific verbs that always take 'sein' in the Perfekt tense, such as 'sterben' and 'einschlafen'.
Verbs that can take both 'haben' and 'sein' as helping verbs, depending on the context of change of place.
Formation of the past participle for various verbs, including regular and irregular verbs.
Rules for adding '-ge' to the verb stem and the endings for regular verbs in the past participle form.
Formation of past participles for verbs ending in '-ieren' and the use of the verb stem without '-ge'.
Irregular verbs and their unique past participle formations, including those with a vocalic shift.
Trenbar verbs and their past participle formation rules, including prefix and verb stem combinations.
Untrans verbs and their past participle formation, focusing on prefix and verb stem without '-ge'.
Advice on creating a list of learned verbs with their Perfekt forms for better command and practice.
Invitation to become a patron for free access to worksheets, transcripts, podcasts, and early video access.
Closing remarks, thanking viewers for watching and encouraging subscription, likes, sharing, and comments.
Transcripts
hello everyone and welcome to our video
series on learn german for beginners
in this lesson you will be learning the
past participle tense in german
thus patitzi perfect or participates y
are just perfect
don't forget to subscribe to our channel
for learning german for free
and in the easiest way we offer
structured courses
for a1 a2b1 and b2 and a variety of
topics from grammar and vocabulary
to common mistakes one can make in
german
you can visit our page on patreon.com to
get free worksheets
podcasts transcripts early access to our
videos
and more was
ist perfect it is the
present perfect tense and it is most
commonly used in the spoken language
you might also find it in private and
half formal letters
there are three aspects of perfect
you should learn how to formulate the
sentence
one has to learn how to use the various
helping verbs
and thirdly how to formulate the past
participle of the verb
let's first look at a few sentences in
present tense
and in the past tense ich ese
einen zalat once i'm done eating
it's in the past then you will say
ich haber einen zalatke gessen
let's move on to the next example
when something like this has already
happened you would say
we are zint let's
get fun now let's analyze the sentences
ich haber einen zalatigesen
wiersend let's paris
when making a sentence in perfect you
have to make sure
that there is a hills verb in the second
position
hill's web can either be harban
or sein and these are the verbs
which are conjugated why do some
sentences have
haben as hills verb and why the others
have
zein alsweb this we'll be doing a little
later
in present tense the verbs are generally
in the second position
but in perfect these verbs
move towards the end of the sentence
and it also takes a different form
we use the partition form of this verb
partition is the past participle form
of the verb in these two sentences
gegessen
is the party tsitsui for essen and
giffan
is the party tipsy for fun
in a little while we'll learn how to
form party tips y
for various verbs now let's look at
two different types of questions in
perfect
wayfraga was hastu guest in germacht
in this question the position of the
helping verb
and the partiti is the same
as the normal sentence that means the
hilf's verb
is the position swai and partiti
is amanda
let's see what happens when we have a
jana in fragger
has to guest an ashvaski gessen
in this case the helping verb or the
hilf's verb
will be in the first position don't
forget
to conjugate the verb at the end of the
sentence
you will find the partiti of the verb
now let's look at an example with
trenban verb
in the present tense the sentence looks
like this
tanya roofed iren freund an
in the second position is the verb and
the prefix
is at the end now the sentence in
perfect
tanya hat iren freund angerufen
here also we will have the helping verb
in the second position thus trenbaru
verb
will go at the end but in the partition
form do notice that a partition
is formed differently so how do you use
perfect
you use harban enzyme as a helping verb
in the second position plus parity psi
of the main verb which is placed at the
end of the sentence
now you will be learning when to use
haben
and when to use sein as the helping verb
in perfect let's look at the two
sentences
again
in the first sentence the hills verb is
harden
in the second one sein both these verbs
are in the second position the hills
verbum
have to be conjugated let's quickly
go through their conjugation
we'll take the example of essen
air
one thing you should remember whenever
you are learning the partition
form of any verb learn it along with the
hillsvab
this hillsvap is generally conjugated
for
aircs for example essen
hot gegessen
is look at the conjugation
is
well most of the verbs used harmon as a
helping verb
with perfect let's look at a few
examples
kauffman hat kickoff
air
[Music]
regnin hat ke regnet
s hut vita geregnet
here are some more verbs whose perfect
you should know
essen
ribbon
we would advise you to learn the
partition forms of the verbs
as it is don't forget to learn the hilts
web along with them
now let's move on to verben with zein
als hilf's verb verbs that show
odds for endurong that means verbs that
show a change of place
take sein as the hilps verb also verbs
that show sush transfer in the wrong
that is a change of state these verbs
also take sein as the hills verb
then there are a few specific verbs that
take
sein as the hills verb let's do a few
examples now
verben the odds for enderong
and here's the first one fleegan
ist keflogen
miner eltons in gesten nach
londongiflogen
in this case there is a change of place
from
a to b that means from present place
to london so verbs showing a change of
place
will take sein as the hill swap
imperfect
let's do another example gain
here also there is a change of place
from a
to b a is the location where he started
and b is the kino here are a few other
verbs
that also show a change of place
fan is common
spring east kishbrungen
risen is
woman low skin is
lost laughing
east kilaufen vandan
ist given
let's move on to the next category verb
in there
so stands for endarong
the first verb is staben
is kistoben
let's tavakha ist sign father geshtorben
so here is a change of sushtand
he was earlier alive and now he's dead
hence you will use the verb sein as the
hills verb
here's another verb einschlafen
ist eingeschlafen maria
ist im unterrest eingeschlafen
she was awake and now she fell
asleep there is a change in state
sometimes it's not easy to identify
the change of state hence it is advised
to learn these verbs along with their
perfect form
as it is some of the other verbs
that show atsu stands for enderong are
au fachen is
[Music]
here are a few more verbs that take sein
as the hibs
in the normal case we use the preteritum
for sein that is var
you would ask vovas tu gesten
but in the spoken language one does come
across
the perfect for zein the next verb
is passion ist
passiert
the next verb is verden
ist gevorden oma is hoyte
zipsishkevorden there are some verbs
that take sein and haben
both as the helping verb let's do one
example
farn is
in this case the hilf's verb is
sein this is because you see a change of
place
in the next sentence ich haber main
noise auto gifan
in this case the hilt's verb is haben
because there is no change of place
and from the sentence you can't make out
where the person is driving to
so such words that sometimes show a
change of place
and sometimes don't take both sein
and haben as the helping verbs
now let's learn how to form the
partition of various verbs
let's first go through a few examples in
perfect
and here's the first one
the next verb is
[Music]
if you notice the parity chain is formed
by adding gay a to the verb
but not always like in the next example
photography hut photography art
vilanga has to the tourist and
photography
let's look at an example of a trenbara's
verb
einschlafen is ein geschlafen
one pistol guest an eingislavu
the basic rule is you can add a gay a
or there is sometimes no gay a to the
webster
this vabstam might have a vocal vexil
or novocal vexil
at the end you can have either a
tay or atey or
a n this rule varies from verb to verb
let's see how to make parkside soi for
regular verbs
by regal mesigan vyabin here you add
gay a to the vabshtam
the vapshtam has no vocal vexil which is
typical for
regular verbs at the end you will either
add
a tay or an 8a
we'll do a few examples to understand
this better
here's the first regular verb
the party tips y takes
at the end hence gemacht
do not forget that whenever you're
learning the partition
of a verb you have to learn the hillsvab
along with it it's either hat or
ist here's an example
ich haber the house of gabag here are
some more examples with regular verbs
spielin
has to gesture music
the is verb is lenin
hut gilland
ich haber the new inverter sean gilland
here's another regular verb arbeiten
in this case the vapshtam is ending with
te hence the padichipswai
will take the ending so all the regular
verbs
where the vabstam ends with day
or day take the ending as
here's another example reiden
let's see what happens to verbs that end
with
iran for example studiaran
photography
in this case the participate does not
take a gay a you will just use the
vabshtam
and add a ta to the end for example
studiaran hat studiot
once again in this case we take the
verb stamp that is studier
and add a t to the end
and here's an example
martina hut
moving on to the next category irregular
verbs
by unregel mexican verb
in this case to make the seed swai
you add gay a to the webstam
which will show a vocal vexil since it's
an irregular verb
at the end you will add a n
there are a few mixed verbs that take
gay a with webstam
that shows a vocal vexil and tay
at the end for example denkin
and here's the first example schreiben
in this case the partition of schreiben
has a gay a plus vyabstam
shreeb at the end you have a n
and now the example petra hatmia
einen brief keshiri here's another
irregular verb
findin
film violent
next verb is common
is common common
doesn't have a vocal vexil in presence
but in its preteritum form that's why
it's an irregular verb so in perfect
such verbs just take a gay a plus
webstam plus a n at the end
and here's an example a is ge common
here's a list of few irregular verbs
and they're perfect that you should know
essen
gen is
is
the next case is by trenbaren verben
here the party tiptsvi takes first the
prefix of the verb
then the partition of the verb which
could be
regal message oda and regal message
here's an example for prefix
and rhaegal mesigas verb einkaufen
hat ein geekhouft as we just discussed
the partition takes the prefix
ein plus partition
for kaufen geekhoft
and here's how you would use it
has to guest and feel einky coughed
prefix with own regal mesis verb
let's look at how to use it matthias
is hoyte spade aufgestanten
here are a few more trenbar verben
and they're perfect
now let's see how to make perfect for
untrans in this case
the party chief swai will have un
trenbara's prefix
with paritsip swai formweb
but without gay a
this web could be regal message oda
on regular message let's look at a few
examples to understand this
the first one is eclearn
heart eclair
in this case the verb clarem is a regal
musical's verb
hence it takes only a t at the end
the next verb is
an irregular verb hence
here are a few others
which you should know becoming
fallen
we would advise you to make a list of
all the verbs
that you have learned in the last two
chapters
and in this chapter along with their
perfect form
and learn them with time you will get a
command over the perfect forms
to practice what you have learned become
a patron free of cost and download a
free worksheet from our page
on patreon.com all links can be found
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choose auf wiedersehen
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