Medical error for individuals, teams and systems: Martin Bromley

Coda Change
20 Jan 201919:39

Summary

TLDRこのスクリプトは、講演者が航空機のパイロットとしての経験と、医療分野での活動を通じて得た教訓を共有しています。彼は、失敗を通じて学び、システムの安全性、個人間のコミュニケーション、リーダーシップの重要性を強調します。また、医療現場における「ヒーロー」のイメージと実際の課題、そしてシステムの改善が安全に寄与する例を紹介しています。最後に、個人の物語が未来の成功に向けた価値を持つことを思い出すよう呼びかけています。

Takeaways

  • 😔 脚本讲述了演讲者已故妻子Elaine的故事,她在2005年因无法插管而去世,但演讲者选择不讲述这个故事,而是分享了他在医疗领域的反思。
  • 👨‍✈️ 演讲者是一个飞行员,他强调了在紧急情况下,真正的英雄是那些冲向危险的人,即像听众一样的医疗工作者。
  • 👥 演讲者提到了三个反思领域:个人、团队合作和系统与英雄。
  • 🧠 他讨论了人们倾向于简单化复杂问题的趋势,以及这在医疗决策中可能导致的问题。
  • 🗣️ 演讲者强调了在医疗领域中提问和倾听的重要性,以及如何通过建立共同语言来促进这一点。
  • 🙏 他提倡“自信的谦逊”这一概念,即在自信地运用技能的同时,也要意识到自己可能犯错。
  • 🔍 演讲者指出,医疗系统常常通过提供复杂和易出错的工具来增加错误的可能性,而不是简化流程。
  • 🏎️ 通过Sid Watkins在一级方程式赛车中的例子,演讲者强调了系统安全的重要性以及如何通过系统设计来减少事故。
  • 👂 演讲者呼吁医疗领域的领导者更多地倾听前线工作者的声音,以理解他们的挑战和需求。
  • 👨‍👧‍👦 演讲者分享了他的家庭生活,包括他的新妻子和孩子们,他们中的一些人也对航空和医疗领域感兴趣。
  • 🤝 他最后呼吁听众帮助那些可能没有能力分享自己故事的患者和家属,因为这些故事对于未来医疗改进同样重要。

Q & A

  • スクリプトの主題は何ですか?

    -スクリプトの主題は、医療の失敗とその教訓、そして個人、チームワーク、システムの英雄についての考え方です。

  • スクリプトで話されているエリンの物語とは何ですか?

    -エリンの物語は、2005年に彼女が病院に入院し、喉頭マスクが合わず、最終的に人工呼吸もできず意識不明となり、13日後に亡くなるという出来事です。

  • スピーカーは医療分野で12年間関わってきましたが、その経験からどのような3つの分野に関する反省を提供していますか?

    -スピーカーは個人、チームワーク、システムとヒーローの3つの分野に関する反省を提供しています。

  • スピーカーが所属する航空会社での仕事と、チャーティーの活動の違いは何ですか?

    -スピーカーは航空会社の機長として50%の時間を飛行に費やし、残りの50%の時間をクリンカルヒューマンファクターズグループの活動に費やしています。

  • スクリプトで話されている「システムとヒーロー」とはどのような関係性を持っていますか?

    -「システムとヒーロー」は、医療現場で働く人々がシステムのエラーや複雑さに直面しても、その上に立って困難に立ち向かうヒーロー的な姿勢を指しています。

  • スピーカーが提唱する「自信ある謙虚さ」とは何を意味していますか?

    -「自信ある謙虚さ」とは、自分自身のスキルと練習に基づく自信と、自分が間違っている可能性があることを認める謙虚さをバランスさせることを意味しています。

  • スクリプトで話されているシド・ワトキンズの事例は何を教訓として提供していますか?

    -シド・ワトキンズの事例は、システムの安全性を高めるためには、システム全体の改善が必要なことを教訓として提供しています。

  • スクリプトで話されている「失敗から学ぶ」とはどのような意図を持っていますか?

    -「失敗から学ぶ」は、失敗を恐れるのではなく、それらから教訓を得て自分自身やシステムを改善する意図を持っています。

  • スピーカーが提唱するリーダーシップの姿勢とは何ですか?

    -スピーカーが提唱するリーダーシップの姿勢は、リーダーが最前線の状況を理解し、その状況に基づいて人々をサポートすることです。

  • スクリプトの最後にスピーカーが話す家族の物語は何を意味していますか?

    -家族の物語は、スピーカー自身が恵まれていると感じていること、そして彼の家族が異なる形で航空業界に関与していることを示しています。

Outlines

00:00

🎤 Kevin Fongの失敗についてのセッションの続き

スピーカーは自身の故妻エレインの話ではなく、過去12年間の医療における経験について語ることを決意。個人としての視点、チームとしての働き方、システムとヒーローの役割について反省を述べる。医療従事者をヒーローと称え、その仕事に誇りを持っていると語る。また、航空機の操縦士としての体験談も交え、失敗から学ぶ重要性を強調。

05:01

🧠 複雑な状況下での失敗と感情の反応

エレインのケースをシミュレーションした結果、多くの医療従事者が同じ過ちを犯すことが分かった。人間の単純な反応と複雑な医療現場の矛盾を指摘。感情的な反応が制御を奪い、適切な判断を妨げることを説明し、当時の決定がなぜ合理的に思えたのかを理解することの重要性を強調。

10:01

🗣️ 意見を言うことの重要性

医療現場で意見を言わないことが問題であると指摘。過去のシンプルな医療と現代の複雑な医療の違いを比較し、システム内で質問を投げかけ、意見を聴くことの重要性を強調。パイロットの例を用いて、意見を交換し理解を確認する文化を育むべきだと述べる。

15:05

🏥 システムとヒーロー

システムがエラーを引き起こす状況を作り出し、最終防衛線として働く医療従事者をヒーローと称える。しかし、システムの設計を改善し、最前線の労働者と管理者の間の理解のギャップを縮める必要があると訴える。F1のシステム安全性の例を挙げ、リーダーが現場の声に耳を傾ける重要性を強調。

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 家族と学びの重要性

自身の家族の写真を見せ、失敗から学ぶことの重要性を子供たちに教えていることを共有。医療現場での個々の声がシステムの成功に繋がると強調し、声を上げることを奨励。特権的な立場から他者の声を代弁する責任を感じていると述べる。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡失敗

「失敗」とは、ある目標や期待に達することができなかったことを指します。ビデオでは、スピーカーの亡くなった妻エレーヌの物語を通じて、医療の失敗とその教訓について語られています。このキーワードは、ビデオの中心となるテーマの一つであり、困難や失敗から学び、改善を図ることが大切だと示しています。

💡医療

「医療」は、健康を維持し、疾病や傷害を予防、診断、治療することを指します。ビデオでは、スピーカーが医療現場での経験を通じて、医療の複雑性や人々の役割について語っています。特に、医療現場における「ヒーロー」たちに対する敬意と感謝の気持ちが強調されています。

💡ヒーロー

「ヒーロー」とは、危険や困難に直面しても勇気を持って立ち向かう人を指します。ビデオでは、医療現場で危険に直面しても勇敢に対処する医療従事者たちが、真のヒーローであると称賛されています。この概念は、困難を克服し、他人を助ける勇気ある行動を象徴しています。

💡システム

「システム」とは、複雑な相互作用を持つ多数の要素から成る構造体またはセットを指します。ビデオでは、医療システムの複雑性と、それを改善するためにはシステム全体の見直しが必要であることが議論されています。スピーカーは、システムの改善が失敗を減らし、より安全な医療を提供する上で重要な役割を果たしていると強調しています。

💡人因工学

「人因工学」とは、人間とシステムの相互作用を研究し、人間中心の設計を促進する学問分野です。ビデオでは、スピーカーが人因工学を医療に適用し、医療現場の安全性や効率性を高める方法を提唱しています。この概念は、医療現場でのミスを減らし、より良い患者ケアを可能にするために重要です。

💡コミュニケーション

「コミュニケーション」とは、情報やアイデアを共有するプロセスを指します。ビデオでは、医療現場での効果的なコミュニケーションが、ミスを防ぎ、チーム間の協力を促進する上で欠かせないことが強調されています。スピーカーは、医療従事者が積極的に質問を投げかけ、意見を共有することが重要であると語っています。

💡リーダーシップ

「リーダーシップ」とは、人々のグループを導き、目標に向かって動かすことの能力を指します。ビデオでは、リーダーシップが医療現場での改善と成功に重要な役割を果たしていると示されています。スピーカーは、リーダーが真剣にリスニングし、現場の状況を理解することが、より良い医療サービスを提供する上で必要であると述べています。

💡複雑性

「複雑性」とは、多くの要因や要素が相互作用し、単純な説明では捉えられない状態を指します。ビデオでは、医療現場の複雑性と、その複雑さに対処するためには単純な思考ではなく、深い理解と適応が必要なことが議論されています。

💡自信の持てる謙虚

「自信の持てる謙虚」とは、自分の能力やスキルに自信を持っている一方で、他人の意見を尊重し、自分も間違え得る可能性を認める姿勢を指します。ビデオでは、スピーカーがこの概念を持ち、自分自身の失敗を認識し、他の意見を聞くことが重要であると語っています。

💡リスニング

「リスニング」とは、他人の言葉や意見を注意深く耳を傾けることです。ビデオでは、リスニングが医療現場でのコミュニケーションとミスの防止において非常に重要であると示されています。スピーカーは、リーダーだけでなく、すべての医療従事者が積極的にリスニングを実践することが、より良い患者ケアにつながると強調しています。

Highlights

演讲者分享了其已故妻子Elaine的医疗事故经历,强调了医疗失误的严重性。

演讲者提出反思过去12年在医疗领域的经验,将从个体、团队合作和系统三个方面进行分享。

强调飞行员和医护人员在面对危机时的相似性,称赞医护人员为真正的英雄。

演讲者分享了自己作为飞行员的经验和对飞行舱复杂性的描述。

讲述了一个关于飞行员在希思罗机场的幽默故事,强调了复杂性与简单性之间的关系。

演讲者介绍了自己参与的慈善组织——临床人文因素小组,及其在医疗领域推广人文因素的工作。

分享了与政治家、决策者、学者和医疗专业人员合作的经历,以及从中获得的宝贵视角。

演讲者提到自己再婚,并且新妻子是英国国家卫生服务系统中的重要人物。

提出了三个关于如何失败的教训,包括简单思维、不发声和系统问题。

讨论了人们在面对复杂情况时倾向于采取简单化思维的问题。

强调了在医疗领域中,人们需要勇于提问和倾听,以应对复杂性。

演讲者提倡“自信的谦逊”,即在自信的同时保持开放和谦逊的态度。

讨论了医疗系统中的错误倾向,以及如何通过系统设计来减少错误。

通过F1赛车的例子,说明了系统安全的重要性和系统设计的改变如何减少事故。

演讲者呼吁医疗领域的领导者更多地倾听前线工作者的声音,以缩小管理层与前线之间的差距。

分享了演讲者的家庭故事,包括家庭成员的职业和兴趣,以及他们与医疗领域的联系。

演讲者最后呼吁听众帮助那些没有能力分享自己故事的患者,因为他们的故事同样重要。

演讲结束后,观众在社交媒体上的反馈,包括对演讲者信息的认同和对医疗错误的看法。

Transcripts

play00:00

[Music]

play00:14

so I'm gonna follow on from Kevin Fong

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session on how to fail with the second

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part and I'm gonna try and make it

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personal you all know the story of what

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happened to my late wife Elaine she went

play00:31

into hospital in 2005 she was an ephah

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ties the laryngeal mask and wouldn't fit

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her jaw was too tense in the end they

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started to intubate

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and it didn't seem to work and it ended

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up as a can't intubate can't ventilate

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she remained unconscious and died 13

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days later but I'm not going to talk

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about Elaine's story what I'm gonna do

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instead is to offer some reflections on

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the last 12 years that I've been

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involved in health care I'm going to

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offer reflections in three areas one

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relating to all of us as individuals

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the second relating to how we work

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together and the final one is about

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systems and heroes I still fly I fly

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fifty percent of my working life and and

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sometimes we hear pilots being talked

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about as heroes perhaps they found

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themselves in a situation where they

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didn't choose to be but they left having

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to deal with something but particularly

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over the last couple of months in the UK

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we've been reminded that when really bad

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things happen the real heroes are the

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people who run towards danger and those

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are people like you and thank you for

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you do because you guys are my heroes

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I'm very privileged to do what I do I'm

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very proud of my profession

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it looks quite complex when you look at

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the flight deck of an aeroplane this is

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an old picture by the way I'm now a

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captain for a major UK airline but this

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pictures 17 years old and the reason I

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like it is because I have hair and some

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of you youngsters may laugh at that but

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it's very important it reminds me of a

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true story many years ago at Heathrow an

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American pilot was doing his welcome

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onboard PA to his passengers and he made

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the mistake of pressing the wrong switch

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and button and he ended up transmitting

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instead across the air traffic control

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frequency to all the aircraft that were

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on the ground at Heathrow and about

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halfway through his PA he realized his

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error he clearly decided it was best to

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fess up so he just said on the frequency

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gee guys I'm sorry there's so many

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switches and buttons in this cockpit

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[Applause]

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as quick as a flash a British voice

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comes on the radio and says yes but

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there's only one knob which leads me

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nicely into failure but before we do

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that the other thing I want to say is

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that the other 50% of my life I spend

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doing this sort of thing working with my

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charity the clinical human factors group

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simply promoting the idea of human

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factors in healthcare and I've been very

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lucky I've been very privileged because

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in that time I've worked with

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politicians of a number of countries

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I've worked with policymakers have

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worked with world leading academics I've

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worked with all sorts of clinicians and

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allied health professionals and and it's

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given me I suppose a very valuable

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perspective on the whole system and I

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hope I can share just a little bit of

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that oh and by the way I've remarried

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and the lady I've married now is one of

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the most powerful people in the National

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Health Service

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she's a GPS receptionist so 3 lessons on

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how to fail on how you can fail the

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first one is to think like this when I

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present Elaine's story this is the most

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common comment I get at the Scottish

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clinical simulation centre they used to

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run a city the scenario where they

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present them with the lanes story they'd

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all say I wouldn't have done that and

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then a week later they bring the

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multidisciplinary team back in and it's

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a very different scenario in the

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simulator it's a knife attack victim but

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it deteriorates into a can't intubate

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can't ventilate and you know what most

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of them go down the same route has

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happened in my late wife's case we're

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very simple creatures and we've already

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talked and heard about the amygdala and

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our emotional response you know caveman

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chased by woolly mammoth

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and that fight-or-flight response comes

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in the emotional brain takes control a

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quick simple response the problem is the

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world is very complex it's very messy in

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all sorts of ways the world that you

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work in a very messy the decisions you

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have to take aren't simple when people

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talk about my late wife's case they say

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yeah well it was a can't intubate can't

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ventilate we know what to do but the

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people involved didn't know that they

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were just struggling with a laryngeal

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mask and some more propofol and they

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were struggling and then he decided to

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intubate why wouldn't you and that

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becomes difficult and they they're

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trying to work out what's happening

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instead of saying that as an accident

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investigator said to me some time ago

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what people should be saying is why did

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it make sense at the time

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there is another brilliant way to fail

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I'll let you read that

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what can you say this was a colleague of

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mine speaking to a group of consultants

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yeah you know what this is a massive

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problem people don't speak up and again

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it's kind of about that the simple and

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complex you know you know in Victorian

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times in the 1800's health care

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I would suggest was pretty simple you

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had a patient you had a physician the

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patient had a problem the physician

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dispensed some form of intervention and

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and it was probably not particularly

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effective but it probably wasn't

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particularly dangerous either and anyway

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nobody was going to challenge the

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physician the patient might have died

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but that's just how it was these days

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again healthcare is very complex it's

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very messy you understand the fairly

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complex comorbidities you you know you

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dispense things to your patients which

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are highly effective but probably highly

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dangerous and and your patient and you

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are operating in a system that you don't

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really understand a colleague of mine

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did a study and found that junior

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doctors on their placements spent about

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half their time just trying to learn to

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be better doctors and about half their

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time just trying to understand how the

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hell things were done around here there

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are so many unintended consequences of

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the things you do and what we need more

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than ever at the moment is people who

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are prepared to ask questions and to

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listen as a pilot when things go wrong

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on my flight deck the first thing I want

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to do is to check my understanding is to

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check my thought process to turn my

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colleague and say what do you think

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what's happening now I might have a good

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idea but maybe they've got a better idea

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and actually maybe I'm wrong a colleague

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of mine captain Jim Harlow spoke at a

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conference last week and he came up with

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this term

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confident humility confidence that you

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have the skills that you've practiced

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and you're as good as anybody at those

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but humble enough to know that you could

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be wrong I was at a school last week I

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was with sorry i was with some school

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teachers last week and one school

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teacher was describing to me his inner

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city school and the challenges they had

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and he said you know a lot of our

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children don't have the confidence to

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speak up in class so we give them

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certain stop phrases to use for example

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i partly agree with you but now the

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value of those stock phrases was that

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when a student started saying that the

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other students knew that they might be

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struggling to say something the teachers

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have learned these phrases as well the

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parents have learned these phrases it's

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created a common language which has

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allowed people to speak up when they

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need to but we still need to see so much

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more of that in health care we need to

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see people listening at all levels

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whether whether you're leading a million

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people or whether you're leading one

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person setting the example is so

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essential if we're to understand this

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complex messy world that we're now in

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health care has a third way to help you

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fail and the good news is is that the

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system is fantastic at doing this

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we give you systems tools processes we

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give you drugs that do different things

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in similar packaging and we just hand it

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to you and expect you to get on with it

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we give you things that make it hard to

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get it right and easy to get it wrong

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and this is where we get the problem

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about kind of systems and heroes because

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you're you are heroes in what you do and

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you will you know you you can cope you

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can deal with all this stuff it doesn't

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matter how busy how tense it is you're

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still going to go and grab those drugs

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from the cupboard or whatever and just

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get on with a job but the problem is

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you're at the tip of that triangle all

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the time by doing that and then what we

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do is we give you all these tools and we

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say be careful double-check don't get it

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wrong we give you the error prone

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situation and we expect you to act as

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the line of defense

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you should really only be the final line

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of defense and when it comes to thinking

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about systems the best example I can

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think of is Professor Sid Watkins

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he was the chief medical officer of

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Formula One he's passed away now but I

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was very lucky a few years ago to spend

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some time with him and chatting to him

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and listening to his reflections on the

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death of Ayrton Senna his great friend

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and great racing driver Senna died

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almost 25 years ago in a Formula one

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crash in the 25 years previous prior to

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that an average of one driver a year had

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died in an accident in Formula One after

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Senna's death in the almost 25 years

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since only one person has died I believe

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in a Formula one related accident that's

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an amazing achievement what Sid didn't

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do

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was he didn't go to the racing drivers

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and say hey you're heroes so just take

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it easy be a bit more careful slow down

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he knew that wouldn't work what he did

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do though was he started to campaign for

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subtle changes in track design campaign

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for subtle changes in car design he

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started to look at the rules that the

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governing body had and he started to

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standardize the medical facilities of

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Formula one tracks that's a lesson in

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system safety brought you not from a

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pilot but from a doctor and this picture

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by the way reminds us of another dilemma

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that you know in Formula One people like

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Sid when he was doing this and the team

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principals and the manufacturers you

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know they have a really good

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understanding of what work is like at

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the front line they understand what

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their drivers are going through if you

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like workers done and workers imagined

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by the leaders there is negligible

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difference but in health care with the

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complex ways that health care is

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developed we have a massive gap between

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what things are like at the frontline

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for you and how things are a managed

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imagined workers imagined and we need to

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reduce that gap and it comes back to

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this listening we need our leaders to

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listen not to comment but to listen and

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understand and that's something all of

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you can do more of and it's something I

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desperately want our leaders to do more

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of and I will continue to work for that

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yeah this does the rounds on social

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media every so often doesn't it and and

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I don't know where it came from but I

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love it it's true you know my life is

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like that right hand side to you that's

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real life when you see success it's not

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being easy we all fail but we can learn

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from it they're the things that that

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make us better at what we

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do and I try and teach my children this

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I started with the family portrait I'm

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going to end with one if the slide works

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so yep there's Jane my my now wife Adam

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is at the front he's now 16 years old

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passionate about flying and of course

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computers Victoria is now 18 and she's

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also passionate about flying in fact she

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starts a job in a few months with a

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major UK airline working on the ground

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and she's just passed a driving test and

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I've inherited two stepchildren through

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Jane as well Jacob at the back he's

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training to be an accountant but you

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know but he he really sees these lessons

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he's working in the head office of

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another major UK airline and the other

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person at the back my stepdaughter Megan

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she's at the end of her first year

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training to be a student nurse training

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to be nurse not training to be a student

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and she's taken a real interest in

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critical care next year she's got a

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placement being offered to her in a

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helicopter emergency medicine so it's

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funny how things go isn't it but you

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know I this picture reminds me of the

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fact that I have been very lucky I've

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been very privileged and you know I

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never forget that that I've been able to

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do something with my late wife's story

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but what I want you to remember as well

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when you go away from here is that there

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are thousands and thousands of patients

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and relatives have harmed patients who

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don't have the voice that I have who

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maybe they are disadvantaged in some way

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through perhaps some form of mental

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health issue or some form of social

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situation they're in and they

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not been able to share their story and

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all I would ask is if you meet anybody

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like that please help them please

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encourage them because their stories are

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just as valuable to achieving success in

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the future thank you very much

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thank you

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once again a great privilege for us to

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hear Martin speak and we're going to go

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over to Twitter to see if we've got any

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opinion outrage questions thoughts

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certainly Noah raged lots of opinion

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loss of support for the message I'll

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survive for a lot of admiration for how

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it was delivered thank you very much one

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tweet reads are all paraphrase when a

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senior consultant makes a mistake it's

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inevitable and when a junior does it's a

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mistake do we have the tendency to judge

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the inevitability of error differently

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depending on the person who's at the

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center of them I I think we probably do

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and that's really sad I think you know

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very experienced people experts still

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screw up but they usually have a lot

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better excuses for it because they've

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had years to think about it and you

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haven't Minoo is so fundamental I when I

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debrief in the flight deck at the end of

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a flight if I've made a particular

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mistake I'll always turn to my colleague

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and say anything on that flights debrief

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and before they get a chance to say

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anything I always say by the way I know

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I screwed up on this and this is what I

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did and I'm very very careful I will

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always take responsibility for my errors

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and some of my colleagues would tell me

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that's quite a lot actually but I always

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do and I think that's so important we

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need to use the word I when we're

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talking about what we have done

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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