PEMBANGUNAN DI INDONESIA PADA MASA ORDE BARU | IPS SMP Kelas 9

Summary

This video explores Indonesia's New Order period (1966-1998), focusing on the government's efforts to stabilize the country politically and economically after the fall of President Soekarno. Led by President Soeharto, the government implemented significant programs such as the Family Planning Program, Transmigration, and agricultural industrialization. The New Order's development strategies, encapsulated in the Five-Year Plans (Repelita), aimed at infrastructural growth, economic recovery, and social equality. Despite early successes, the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis led to widespread political unrest and the eventual end of the New Order, marking the beginning of Indonesia's reform era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order period in Indonesia lasted from 1966 to 1998, under President Soeharto, following the collapse of the Old Order under President Soekarno.
• 😀 The New Order government focused on political and economic stability, with restrictions on political activities to maintain order and enable national development.
• 😀 Soeharto officially became president in 1968, after receiving a letter of appointment from Soekarno in 1966, signaling the decline of Soekarno's power.
• 😀 The government of the New Order implemented a long-term economic development plan (PJP) in stages, starting with recovery programs before undertaking large-scale development.
• 😀 The PJP's first stage (1969-1994) was carried out in five-year plans, known as Repelita, each focusing on specific sectors like agriculture, infrastructure, and industry.
• 😀 The trilogi pembangunan (development trilogy) was introduced as a guideline for policies in politics, economy, and social life, with an emphasis on stability, security, and equitable development.
• 😀 Notable programs during the New Order included the family planning (KB) program to control population growth and the transmigration program to redistribute the population to less populated areas.
• 😀 Agricultural industrialization aimed to increase food production by expanding land and using better technology, contributing to Indonesia's self-sufficiency in rice by the 1980s.
• 😀 Education was a priority, with programs like the 1973 Inpres for school building, anti-illiteracy campaigns starting in 1978, and the introduction of nine years of mandatory schooling by 1994.
• 😀 The economic crisis of 1997-1998 led to the collapse of the New Order government, stopping further development plans, including projects like the N250 aircraft from IPTn.
• 😀 Despite the economic crisis, some developments during the New Order included the creation of Indonesia's first passenger aircraft, the N250 Gatot Kaca, which first flew in 1995.

Q & A

What is the New Order period in Indonesia's history?

The New Order period refers to the government of Indonesia under President Suharto, which lasted from 1966 to 1998. It began when Suharto took power after President Soekarno's regime ended, marked by the issuance of the March 11th Order from Soekarno to Suharto to manage the political and economic crisis.

What were the main goals of the New Order government when it first came to power?

The main goals of the New Order government were to stabilize the political and economic situation in Indonesia. This involved controlling political activities, ensuring stability, and focusing on economic recovery before pursuing long-term development.

How did the New Order government address Indonesia's economic crisis when it first took power?

The New Order government addressed the economic crisis by focusing on economic stabilization through balancing the national budget and seeking assistance from international financial institutions. This successfully reduced inflation from over 600% to under 100% by 1968.

What was the long-term development plan (PJP) under the New Order government?

The long-term development plan (PJP) was a 25-year strategy for national development, divided into five-year development plans known as Repelita. The first phase (PJP Stage 1) lasted from 1969 to 1994, aimed at addressing different sectors like infrastructure, industry, and education.

What were the goals of Repelita 1 (1969-1974)?

Repelita 1 focused on meeting basic needs and improving infrastructure, with a particular emphasis on the agricultural sector.

What was the purpose of Repelita 2 (1974-1979)?

Repelita 2 aimed at increasing development in regions outside of Java, Bali, and Madura, with a focus on improving economic conditions in other islands.

What were some key programs implemented by the New Order government during PJP Stage 1?

Key programs included the Family Planning program (KB) to control population growth, the Transmigration program to redistribute the population, and the Industrialization of agriculture to increase food production. These programs contributed to improved national stability and economic growth.

What was the significance of the Family Planning program during the New Order era?

The Family Planning program aimed to reduce population growth in line with available jobs and food resources. It successfully reduced the population growth rate to under 2%, contributing to more balanced economic development.

How did the New Order government impact education during its rule?

The New Order government made significant efforts to expand access to education, such as building more schools, implementing the Inpres program in 1973 to improve primary education, and introducing a nine-year compulsory education program by 1994.

What led to the end of the New Order government in 1998?

The New Order government ended due to the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, which severely impacted Indonesia’s economy and led to political unrest. Widespread protests and demands for reform ultimately forced President Suharto to resign on May 21, 1998.