Penyebab Penyimpangan Sosial (Teori Penyimpangan Sosial)

Summary

This video script discusses deviant behavior in society, using various sociological theories to explain its causes. Examples like brawls (tawuran) illustrate deviance, while theories such as Differential Association, Labeling Theory, Anomie, and Functionalism provide insights into why individuals engage in such behavior. The script covers how deviance is learned, the impact of societal labels, the tension between societal goals and available means, and the potential functions of deviance in reinforcing social norms and fostering societal change. It offers a comprehensive look at deviant behavior, emphasizing its complex role in society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Deviant behavior, such as violence (tawuran), is harmful and goes against social norms and values in society.
• 😀 Deviant behavior has existed throughout history and continues to be influenced by various societal factors.
• 😀 Several theories explain the causes of deviant behavior, including Differential Association Theory, Labelling Theory, Structural Strain Theory, and Functionalist Theory.
• 😀 Differential Association Theory, proposed by Edwin Sutherland, suggests that deviance is learned through interactions with others in deviant subcultures.
• 😀 According to Sutherland, deviant behavior is learned through socialization, with key sources being family, peers, and subcultures.
• 😀 Labelling Theory, developed by Edwin Lemert, posits that deviance occurs when society labels individuals negatively after primary deviance, leading to secondary deviance.
• 😀 Primary deviance refers to initial acts of rule-breaking, while secondary deviance involves repeated acts due to the societal label of 'deviant'.
• 😀 Robert Merton's Strain Theory explains that deviance occurs when there is a disconnect between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.
• 😀 Merton suggests that structural strain and societal pressure can lead individuals to engage in deviant behavior.
• 😀 Emile Durkheim's Functionalist Theory argues that deviance is inevitable in society and can have positive functions, such as clarifying moral boundaries and promoting social change.

Q & A

What is deviant behavior as discussed in the script?

Deviant behavior refers to actions that violate the established norms and values of society. These behaviors are considered undesirable and should not be emulated by others.

How does deviant behavior relate to social norms and values?

Deviant behavior contrasts with social norms and values. It is a result of individuals not adhering to the accepted standards within a society, thus disrupting social harmony.

What causes deviant behavior, according to the script?

Deviant behavior is caused by several factors within society, including social pressures, peer influences, and various environmental and cultural factors. These causes are explored through different sociological theories.

What is the Differential Association Theory?

The Differential Association Theory, proposed by Edwin H. Sutherland, suggests that deviant behavior occurs due to interactions with individuals or groups who endorse deviant behaviors. People learn deviance through social relationships and cultural exchanges.

What role do family, peers, and the environment play in deviant behavior according to the Differential Association Theory?

According to this theory, deviance can be learned from close social interactions with family, friends, peers, and even environments like subcultures or correctional facilities that normalize deviant behaviors.

What is the concept of labelling in the context of deviant behavior?

Labelling Theory, as proposed by Edwin M. Lemert, argues that deviant behavior is a result of society labeling an individual negatively. Once labeled (e.g., as a criminal), the individual is likely to continue engaging in deviant acts, known as secondary deviance.

How does labeling contribute to further deviance?

Labeling creates a cycle where the individual internalizes the negative label, such as 'thief' or 'liar,' leading to repeated deviant actions. This is referred to as secondary deviance, which happens after society's rejection of the individual.

What does the Anomie Theory explain about deviant behavior?

The Anomie Theory, developed by Robert K. Merton, explains that deviance arises when there is a disconnection between societal goals and the approved means to achieve them. When individuals cannot achieve cultural goals through legitimate methods, they may resort to deviant behavior.

What is the significance of social structure in the Anomie Theory?

In the Anomie Theory, social structure plays a critical role by creating pressure on individuals to conform to goals that may not be realistically achievable. This strain between cultural aspirations and available means often leads to deviance.

How does Emile Durkheim’s Functionalism view deviant behavior?

Durkheim’s Functionalism suggests that deviant behavior is inevitable and can actually serve positive functions in society. It helps reinforce social norms, clarifies moral boundaries, and can even promote social change and solidarity.

What are the functions of deviant behavior according to Durkheim’s theory?

According to Durkheim, deviant behavior strengthens societal norms, helps define moral boundaries, encourages social change, and fosters unity in society by creating a collective response to deviance.

Can deviant behavior ever be completely eradicated, according to the theories discussed?

No, the theories suggest that deviant behavior cannot be completely eradicated. For Durkheim, it is a natural part of society that evolves and adapts over time, and for other theories, it arises from the structural and social dynamics of society.

How do the different theories of deviant behavior complement each other?

The theories complement each other by providing different lenses through which to view deviance. While the Differential Association Theory emphasizes social learning, the Labelling Theory focuses on societal reactions. The Anomie Theory addresses structural pressures, and Functionalism discusses the role of deviance in maintaining social order and change.