4.1 GOBIERNOS POSREVOLUCIONARIOS

VICTOR MANUEL JIMENEZ PEREZ
24 May 202108:52

Summary

TLDRThe transcript discusses the post-revolutionary period in Mexico, focusing on the presidencies of Venustiano Carranza, Álvaro Obregón, and Plutarco Elías Calles. It highlights Carranza's struggles with agrarian movements and foreign tensions, particularly with the U.S. over oil rights. Obregón's government emphasized education and cultural development, while dealing with the aftermath of Villa's death and political conflicts. Calles, aiming to strengthen the state, faced internal conflicts and the Cristero Rebellion. His administration reformed the constitution, leading to the creation of the PRI, establishing a new political order in Mexico.

Takeaways

  • 😀 Venustiano Carranza led Mexico after the 1917 Constitution, navigating challenges from both internal and external forces, including the First World War and regional uprisings.
  • 😀 Carranza faced significant internal unrest, including agrarian conflicts, strikes, and the continued struggles of movements like those led by Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Villa.
  • 😀 The assassination of Emiliano Zapata in 1919 did not extinguish the strength of the Zapatista movement, which continued under new leadership.
  • 😀 Álvaro Obregón, backed by Sonoran forces, rose to power in 1920, marking the beginning of a period of Sonoran political dominance in Mexico until 1935.
  • 😀 Obregón's government focused on diplomacy, particularly securing recognition from the U.S. through the Bucareli Treaty, following tensions over Mexico's nationalization of its subsurface resources.
  • 😀 Obregón's administration was marked by significant educational reforms, including the establishment of the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP), which tackled illiteracy and cultural development.
  • 😀 The Mexican muralism movement, involving prominent artists like Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco, gained momentum under Obregón, symbolizing national identity.
  • 😀 A land redistribution program, known as agrarian reform, was initiated under Obregón to regulate land distribution and support collective rural ownership.
  • 😀 In 1923, Francisco Villa, a prominent revolutionary leader, was assassinated, and the tension between different factions of the revolution continued to shape Mexico's political landscape.
  • 😀 Plutarco Elías Calles became president in 1924, emphasizing economic stability, creating institutions like the Bank of Mexico, and enforcing policies like the Calles Law, which led to the Cristero War (1926–1929).

Q & A

  • Who were the key figures in the early post-revolutionary governments of Mexico?

    -The key figures in the early post-revolutionary governments were Venustiano Carranza, Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón, and Plutarco Elías Calles.

  • What was the significance of Venustiano Carranza's government after the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution?

    -Carranza's government was significant for its role in implementing the 1917 Constitution, which had a profound impact on Mexico's legal and political framework. He also faced challenges from internal political factions and external pressures during his presidency.

  • How did Carranza handle Mexico's position in World War I?

    -Carranza maintained a policy of neutrality during World War I, despite pressures from both Germany and the United States, which ultimately led to the recognition of his government by the U.S.

  • What were some of the internal challenges faced by Carranza's government?

    -Carranza faced significant internal challenges, including agrarian conflicts, labor strikes, and the rise of powerful local leaders or 'caciques' who undermined central authority. Additionally, he struggled with the application of the 1917 Constitution, which was inconsistently enforced.

  • What role did the Zapatista movement play during Carranza's presidency?

    -The Zapatista movement, led by Emiliano Zapata, continued to exert influence after Zapata's assassination in 1919. Under leaders like Gildardo Magaña, the movement remained active and later aligned with Álvaro Obregón's forces.

  • What was the significance of the Plan de Agua Prieta in 1920?

    -The Plan de Agua Prieta, led by Adolfo de la Huerta, was a rebellion against Carranza's government, culminating in his assassination. It marked the beginning of the dominance of the Sonora faction in Mexican politics under Álvaro Obregón.

  • How did Álvaro Obregón contribute to Mexico's economic and educational development?

    -Obregón's government focused on economic stability and educational reform. He created the Ministry of Education, headed by José Vasconcelos, to combat illiteracy and promote cultural development. Additionally, he laid the groundwork for agrarian reform.

  • What was the role of the 'muralism' movement during Obregón's presidency?

    -The muralism movement, supported by Obregón, promoted Mexican identity and history through large-scale murals. Prominent artists like Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros were commissioned to create murals in public spaces.

  • What was the outcome of the 1923 assassination of Francisco Villa?

    -The assassination of Francisco Villa, a key figure in the Mexican Revolution, marked the end of his influence in the post-revolutionary period, though his legacy continued to shape Mexican politics and society.

  • How did the relationship between the church and the state evolve during Plutarco Elías Calles' presidency?

    -Under Calles, tensions between the church and the state increased, particularly due to the enforcement of anti-clerical laws such as the 'Ley Calles,' which led to the Cristero War, a rebellion by religious groups seeking to protect religious freedoms.

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الوسوم ذات الصلة
MexicoPost-RevolutionCarranzaObregónCallesZapataRevolutionary LeadersSocial ReformConstitution of 1917Cristero WarPolitical Struggles
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