FAPET MK MBPU Pertemuan 8 Dr Edhy

Summary

This video provides an in-depth exploration of egg hatching processes, from historical practices to modern technologies. It covers ancient methods like using cow dung in Egypt, coal in China, and the advancements in Europe and America, leading to patented incubators. The speaker highlights the evolution of egg hatching in Indonesia, focusing on critical temperatures and incubation methods. The lecture also compares artificial vs. natural incubation, emphasizing factors like temperature control, humidity, and the importance of farm management for successful hatching. Key considerations for hatchery design, infrastructure, and operator expertise are also discussed.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture focuses on the process of artificial hatching (penetasan), explaining both historical and modern techniques of incubation.
• 😀 The concept of 'penetasan' refers to how eggs from various types of poultry (broiler, layer, village chicken) are incubated to hatch healthy chicks.
• 😀 The history of hatching dates back to ancient civilizations, starting with the Egyptians using warm cow dung to incubate eggs as early as 400 BC.
• 😀 In ancient China, coal was used for hatching, and the method evolved over time to become more effective than the Egyptian technique.
• 😀 The development of hatching techniques continued in Europe, where improvements led to better hatch rates compared to earlier methods.
• 😀 In the USA, the technology of artificial incubation was patented, marking a significant step forward in hatching efficiency.
• 😀 Indonesia's contribution to hatching includes the use of natural heat sources, like rice husks, for incubating eggs in the past.
• 😀 The modern artificial incubation process involves precise control of temperature (39-40.1°C) and humidity, tailored to the species of egg being incubated.
• 😀 The two critical stages in the incubation process are 'critical first' (days 1-3) and 'critical second' (days 18-21), with temperature consistency being key for successful hatching.
• 😀 Factors that determine the success of artificial incubation include egg quality, egg-turning, humidity, and the experience of the operator managing the process.
• 😀 Artificial hatching is more efficient but requires higher costs in comparison to natural incubation, which is cost-free but yields lower success rates.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the lecture?

The main topic of the lecture is the process of egg hatching, from its historical origins to modern techniques. The lecturer covers traditional and modern incubation methods, the importance of temperature control, and the role of hatcheries in successful egg hatching.

What was the historical method of incubation used in Mesir (Egypt)?

In ancient Mesir (Egypt), cow manure was used as a heat source. The manure retained heat, and eggs were placed on top to be incubated. However, the success rate of hatching was relatively low compared to modern methods.

How did the Chinese incubation method differ from that of Mesir?

In China, coal was used as the heat source for incubating eggs, a method that was more effective than the cow manure technique in Mesir. The use of coal provided a more consistent heat source, improving hatching success.

What is the significance of 'critical periods' during egg incubation?

Critical periods refer to the specific stages during incubation when the eggs are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. The first critical period occurs from day 1 to 3, while the second critical period is from day 18 to 20. These periods are crucial for the proper development of the embryo, and the eggs should not be disturbed during these times.

What is the difference between natural and artificial incubation?

Natural incubation relies on the mother hen or other birds to incubate the eggs without any technological assistance. The hatching rate tends to be lower, but it requires no additional costs. Artificial incubation, on the other hand, involves using machines to control temperature, humidity, and other factors, leading to a higher hatching success rate, though it requires significant investment in equipment and energy.

Why is temperature control important in egg hatching?

Temperature control is essential because the embryo inside the egg develops best within a specific temperature range, usually around 39°C to 40.1°C. Deviations from this temperature can lead to failed hatching or underdeveloped embryos.

What are some modern advancements in egg hatching technologies?

Modern advancements include the development of force incubators, which provide more efficient heat distribution without the need for manual turning of the eggs. These incubators offer better control over temperature and humidity, improving the hatching rate.

What factors influence the success of artificial egg hatching?

Key factors include the health of the breeder (which affects egg quality), the sex ratio of the breeding flock, proper selection of eggs, and the ability to maintain stable temperature and humidity levels. Understanding critical periods during incubation is also crucial.

What is the role of hatchery design in egg hatching?

Hatchery design is critical to ensuring optimal conditions for egg hatching. This includes proper sanitation, temperature control, and the layout of various workspaces such as egg cleaning, candling, and incubation areas. The hatchery must also provide a safe and sterile environment to prevent contamination and damage to eggs.

How does the size of the egg affect its incubation temperature?

The size of the egg impacts the required incubation temperature. Larger eggs tend to require slightly higher temperatures compared to smaller eggs. For example, quail eggs need a different temperature range compared to chicken or duck eggs.