METODE PENELITIAN KUALITATIF (TEKNIK PENGUMPULAN DATA)

Summary

In this educational video, the speaker introduces qualitative research methods with a focus on data collection techniques. The discussion covers the importance of data collection in research, including interviews, observations, document analysis, and focus group discussions. Various types of interviews are explained, such as structured and unstructured, and the importance of using appropriate instruments to ensure valid and reliable data is emphasized. The video also explores methods like participant observation and document analysis, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. It concludes with a focus on focus group discussions as a method for obtaining deeper insights into issues.

Takeaways

• 😀 Data collection techniques are essential in qualitative research to gather valid and reliable data.
• 😀 The quality of data is influenced by both the research instruments and the data collection methods used.
• 😀 There are four main data collection techniques in qualitative research: interviews, observation, documents, and focus group discussions.
• 😀 Interviews can be structured, unstructured, semi-structured, or guided by general prompts.
• 😀 In a structured interview, the researcher prepares a set of questions in advance, ensuring systematic data collection.
• 😀 Unstructured interviews are flexible and allow free-flowing conversations between the researcher and the informant.
• 😀 A semi-structured interview uses a set of predetermined questions but allows room for open-ended responses.
• 😀 Observations in qualitative research can be participant-based, unstructured, or group-based to gather detailed insights.
• 😀 Documents such as letters, diaries, or archival materials can be used to gather data, offering a historical perspective.
• 😀 Focus group discussions aim to generate group-level insights and avoid biased interpretations by individual researchers.

Q & A

What is data collection in qualitative research?

Data collection refers to the process or activity carried out by researchers to uncover or gather information about the condition of the research site, in line with the scope of the research. It is a critical step in the research process to obtain the necessary data.

What are the two main factors that affect the quality of research data?

The two main factors are: 1) the quality of the research instruments, which relates to their validity and reliability, and 2) the quality of data collection, which concerns the accuracy of the methods used to gather the data.

What are the four common data collection methods in qualitative research?

The four common methods are: 1) interviews, 2) observations, 3) document analysis, and 4) focus group discussions.

What are the types of interviews in qualitative research?

The four types of interviews are: 1) Structured interviews, where the researcher has pre-set questions; 2) Unstructured interviews, which are more free-form; 3) Semi-structured interviews, which have a fixed set of questions but allow flexibility; and 4) Interviews guided by general prompts, which ensure a broad discussion without rigid questions.

How does a structured interview differ from an unstructured interview?

In a structured interview, the researcher has a predefined set of questions to ask, while in an unstructured interview, the conversation is free-flowing, and the researcher may explore topics as they arise, with no fixed set of questions.

What are the stages involved in conducting an interview according to Miles and Huberman (1984)?

The stages include: 1) setting the scene (understanding the field conditions), 2) identifying the participants (understanding their characteristics), and 3) developing an interview protocol (creating guidelines to ensure comprehensive data collection).

What is the difference between in-depth and directed interviews?

In-depth interviews allow for more free-form, detailed discussions, often based on spontaneous responses, while directed interviews follow a pre-determined list of questions, focusing on specific issues, which may result in a less flexible interaction.

What is observation as a data collection method?

Observation is a method of gathering data using the researcher’s senses (sight, hearing, etc.) to record events, behaviors, or conditions in the study environment. It can provide direct insight into how certain phenomena occur.

What are the three types of observation methods in qualitative research?

The three types of observation are: 1) Participant observation, where the researcher actively engages in the daily activities of the subjects; 2) Unstructured observation, where no predefined structure is used, and 3) Group observation, where a team of researchers observes a group interaction or behavior.

How does focus group discussion aid in data collection?

Focus group discussion helps in collecting data through the interaction of a group of people discussing a particular issue, allowing researchers to gain diverse perspectives and deeper insights into the issue being studied.