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Summary

This educational video provides an in-depth explanation of pharmaceutical calculations, focusing on various aspects such as dosage definitions, regimens, and calculation methods. It covers practical examples like determining the number of tablets or liquid doses based on prescriptions, calculating dosages for pediatric patients based on weight, and understanding how to prepare isotonic solutions. Additionally, it discusses crucial topics such as adjusting medication doses for patients with kidney failure and the importance of precise dosing for intravenous medications. The video is designed to help pharmacy students master essential clinical pharmacy skills.

Takeaways

• 😀 The dose refers to the amount of medication given to a patient to achieve a therapeutic effect.
• 😀 Different types of doses include single doses, daily doses, divided doses, weekly doses, and total doses.
• 😀 A dosing regimen describes a repeated schedule for administering a medication, such as taking mebendazole twice daily for 3 days.
• 😀 Medications are available in various formulations, such as tablets, syrups, and injections, with different strengths.
• 😀 When calculating the amount of a medication, one must account for the frequency of doses and the number of days in the treatment period.
• 😀 For solid medications, such as tablets, the total quantity can be determined by multiplying the number of tablets per dose by the frequency of doses and the treatment duration.
• 😀 Liquid oral formulations often require volume-based calculations, using common units like 5 mL per dose, to determine the total volume required.
• 😀 Pediatric dosing may be based on body weight, with calculations adjusting the dose proportionally to the patient’s weight.
• 😀 Some medications require intravenous administration, and calculating the flow rate and volume is necessary to ensure proper delivery of the medication.
• 😀 Isotonic solutions, like sodium chloride 0.9%, have the same osmotic pressure as body fluids, making them safe for intravenous use without harming cells.
• 😀 Renal failure patients may need adjusted doses because kidney dysfunction can affect drug elimination, leading to a higher risk of toxicity.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'dose' in clinical pharmacy?

A dose refers to the amount of a drug or drug formulation administered to a patient to achieve a therapeutic effect.

What are the different types of doses mentioned in the script?

The types of doses include single dose, daily dose, divided dose, weekly dose, and total dose.

What is a dosing regimen?

A dosing regimen refers to a schedule in which a drug is taken, including how often and for how long. For example, taking a drug twice daily for a specified number of days.

What is the significance of calculating drug dosage based on body weight?

Calculating dosage based on body weight is important, especially for children, as their medication needs vary depending on their size. It ensures an accurate and safe dosage.

How is the dosage of a drug adjusted for patients with kidney failure?

For patients with kidney failure, the drug dosage must be adjusted due to the reduced ability to excrete drugs, which can lead to higher concentrations of the drug in the body, risking toxicity.

What is the difference between a solid dosage form and a liquid dosage form?

Solid dosage forms, like tablets, are typically measured in units such as milligrams per tablet, while liquid dosage forms, such as suspensions, are measured in volume (e.g., milliliters).

What is the calculation method for determining the number of tablets needed from a prescription?

To calculate the total number of tablets needed, multiply the prescribed dose per day by the number of days the drug is to be taken. For example, if the prescription is for 2 tablets three times a day for 7 days, the total required is 42 tablets.

What does 'isotonic' mean in the context of pharmaceutical solutions?

An isotonic solution has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids, ensuring that the solution doesn't cause damage to cells. A common example is a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, which is isotonic with blood serum.

How do you calculate the volume of a liquid medication based on the dosage in milligrams?

To calculate the volume, divide the required dosage (in milligrams) by the concentration of the drug in the solution (mg per unit volume). Then multiply by the volume unit (e.g., milliliters).

What is the formula used to calculate the body surface area (BSA) for pediatric dosing?

The formula to calculate BSA is: (Height in cm × Weight in kg) ÷ 3600. This is used to calculate more accurate dosages for children, as BSA accounts for the child's size more precisely than weight alone.