BAB 6 PEWARISAN SIFAT DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI Part 2 Bioteknologi Kelas 9 Kurikulum Merdeka

Summary

In this educational video, Ibu Rim Tazal Salina from SMP Negeri 14 Malang explains the concepts of biotechnology and its applications. She covers the basics of biotechnology, both conventional and modern, highlighting the role of microorganisms in traditional processes like fermentation to produce food such as tempe, yogurt, and cheese. The video also explores modern biotechnological advancements like genetic engineering, cloning, DNA recombinant technology, and hybridoma techniques. These innovations have significantly impacted fields like medicine, agriculture, and industry. The lesson provides an in-depth understanding of how biotechnology shapes modern life and its potential benefits for humanity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotech is the application of living organisms to produce goods and services that benefit humans, and it can be classified into conventional and modern biotechnology.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology, which uses microorganisms directly, is common in food and drink production, such as making tempeh, yogurt, cheese, and soy sauce.
• 😀 Fermentation is the key process in conventional biotechnology, where complex compounds break down into simpler compounds without oxygen, involving microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
• 😀 An example of conventional biotechnology is the production of tempeh, which involves adding fungi (like Rhizopus) to soybeans to help it ferment.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology differs from conventional biotechnology in that it involves genetic engineering and requires specialized equipment and sterile conditions.
• 😀 Examples of modern biotechnology include tissue culture, in vitro fertilization (IVF), cloning, hybridoma technology, and recombinant DNA technology.
• 😀 Tissue culture involves growing plants from specific tissues or organs in a sterile nutrient medium to produce uniform offspring quickly.
• 😀 IVF helps couples who struggle with conception by fertilizing eggs outside the body and implanting the embryos into the uterus.
• 😀 Cloning involves transferring a somatic cell's nucleus into an egg cell to create a genetically identical organism. The famous sheep, Dolly, was a result of this.
• 😀 Recombinant DNA technology involves combining two different DNA types (e.g., human and bacterial DNA) to produce specific products, such as insulin or genetically modified crops.

Q & A

What is biotechnology?

Biotechnology is a field of applied science that uses living organisms or biological systems to produce goods and services beneficial to humans.

What are the two types of biotechnology mentioned in the script?

The two types of biotechnology mentioned are conventional biotechnology and modern biotechnology.

What is the main feature of conventional biotechnology?

Conventional biotechnology involves the direct use of microorganisms, like bacteria or fungi, to produce products such as food or beverages, often using simple equipment and methods.

How does fermentation work in conventional biotechnology?

Fermentation is a process where microorganisms break down complex compounds into simpler ones in an anaerobic (without oxygen) environment, producing useful byproducts like alcohol or acids, which are utilized in various products.

Can you provide an example of a product made through conventional biotechnology?

Examples of products made through conventional biotechnology include tempe, yogurt, cheese, and bread.

What role does Saccharomyces cerevisiae play in making tape singkong (fermented cassava)?

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a type of yeast, is used in the fermentation process of tape singkong to break down sugars into alcohol, contributing to the fermentation of cassava into the final product.

What is the key difference between conventional and modern biotechnology?

The key difference is that conventional biotechnology uses microorganisms directly for fermentation processes, while modern biotechnology involves genetic engineering, using advanced technology and sterile environments to manipulate genes and cells.

What is genetic engineering in the context of modern biotechnology?

Genetic engineering, a core part of modern biotechnology, involves manipulating DNA to produce specific products, such as insulin or genetically modified crops, through techniques like DNA recombination.

What is the purpose of tissue culture in modern biotechnology?

Tissue culture is a technique used to multiply plants rapidly from a small piece of tissue in a sterile environment, helping to produce large quantities of uniform and fast-growing plants.

How does DNA recombination technology work?

DNA recombination involves combining DNA from different organisms, like inserting a human gene for insulin into a bacterial plasmid. The bacteria then produce the desired protein, such as insulin, which can be used in medical treatments.