Masa Orde Baru 1966-1998 🇮🇩

Summary

This video discusses Indonesia's transition from the Old Order to the New Order under President Suharto. It covers key events, including the Supersemar decree, the fall of President Soekarno, and the policies implemented during Suharto's rule. The video explores the era's economic, educational, healthcare, and agricultural developments, such as the establishment of the KB family planning program and efforts toward food self-sufficiency. It also addresses the integration of East Timor into Indonesia and the political consequences, as well as the criticism regarding human rights violations and the authoritarian nature of the New Order regime.

Takeaways

• 😀 The importance of loving the homeland to ensure the future stability and defense of the nation, especially for the youth who will live in 2020.
• 😀 The Orde Baru (New Order) period marked the transition from the Orde Lama (Old Order) through the Supersemar decree, which led to the resignation of President Soekarno and the rise of Soeharto.
• 😀 In 1966, the political crisis in Indonesia led to student protests, demanding economic reforms and the removal of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) influence.
• 😀 The Supersemar (March 11, 1966) granted Soeharto authority to lead the country, marking a significant shift in Indonesian politics.
• 😀 The New Order government focused on restoring stability and implementing policies like economic growth, security, and national integration, emphasizing free and active foreign diplomacy.
• 😀 The implementation of the Repelita (Five-Year Development Plan) aimed to improve agriculture, education, and infrastructure while focusing on food self-sufficiency and rural development.
• 😀 Education reforms under the New Order included the establishment of mandatory schooling for children and anti-illiteracy programs, notably the nine-year compulsory education law.
• 😀 Family planning (KB) policies were introduced to manage population growth, with campaigns led by the BKKBN (National Family Planning Coordinating Board), gaining international praise for their success.
• 😀 Healthcare reforms included the creation of Posyandu (community health posts), which evolved from earlier health initiatives like Bandung Kleen, to improve public health in rural areas.
• 😀 The integration of East Timor (Timor Timur) into Indonesia was a significant event, following the 1974 crisis and referendum, leading to Indonesia’s military operation (Operasi Seroja) and the eventual incorporation of East Timor in 1976.
• 😀 The New Order’s authoritarian policies led to limited political freedoms, with a focus on stability and control, but at the cost of human rights violations and criticisms from international observers.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the video script?

The main theme of the video is an overview of Indonesia's history, particularly focusing on the New Order era (Orde Baru), its policies, and its impact on various sectors like agriculture, education, family planning, healthcare, and the integration of East Timor.

What was the political situation leading to the fall of the Old Order (Orde Lama)?

The fall of the Old Order was driven by a worsening economy, high inflation, and the people’s dissatisfaction with President Sukarno’s leadership. This led to protests by students and other groups, ultimately resulting in the Supersemar (March 11, 1966) which gave General Suharto the mandate to take control.

How did Soeharto’s rise to power impact Indonesia's politics?

Soeharto’s rise to power marked the beginning of the New Order, which was characterized by more authoritarian rule, a focus on economic growth, and a shift towards national security. He centralized power and adopted a security-driven approach to governance.

What was the main economic policy focus of the New Order government?

The New Order government prioritized economic stability and growth, focusing on programs like the Repelita (Five-Year Development Plan), which emphasized agricultural self-sufficiency, industrialization, and poverty reduction.

What were the key educational policies during the New Order period?

Under the New Order, the government emphasized educational expansion, building schools through Inpres programs, and increasing literacy rates. It also introduced a mandatory nine-year schooling system to boost educational access.

How did the New Order government address family planning?

The New Order government promoted family planning (KB) through the BKKBN (National Family Planning Coordinating Board) with widespread campaigns on TV and local outreach programs. This led to a significant decrease in birth rates and was seen as a success in population control.

What was the significance of the Timor Timur (East Timor) integration into Indonesia?

East Timor was integrated into Indonesia in 1976 after a period of political instability following Portugal’s withdrawal. Indonesia’s Operation Seroja, supported by the US, led to the military annexation of East Timor, a controversial decision that was later criticized for human rights violations.

What was the impact of the New Order government’s security policies on Indonesia's political environment?

The New Order’s security policies led to an authoritarian regime where political opposition was suppressed, civil liberties were restricted, and political power was concentrated in the hands of Soeharto’s government. This created a politically stable environment but at the cost of democratic freedoms.

How did Indonesia’s foreign policy evolve under the New Order government?

Indonesia’s foreign policy under the New Order was focused on maintaining independence and pursuing a 'free and active' foreign policy. This led to Indonesia's active participation in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and its re-entry into the United Nations in 1967.

What were the criticisms of the New Order government, particularly regarding human rights?

The New Order government was criticized for its authoritarianism, human rights abuses, and corruption. Many of its policies, such as the suppression of dissent and the treatment of East Timor, were seen as violations of human rights by international observers.