Variação Linguística [Prof Noslen]

Summary

In this engaging lesson, Professor Noslen explores the concept of linguistic variation, breaking it down into four main types: historical, regional, social, and stylistic. He explains how language evolves over time, how different regions and social groups use language differently, and how context influences the style of communication. Through fun examples, such as the shift from 'vossa mercê' to 'você' and regional terms like 'aipim' versus 'mandioca', the professor makes the topic accessible and relevant, especially for those preparing for exams like the Enem.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Linguistic Variation** is a crucial concept for understanding how language changes over time, based on different factors like history, region, social groups, and context.
• 😀 **Historical Variation** explains how language evolves, using examples like the transformation of 'vossa mercê' to 'você' and the shift from 'photograph' to 'photo'.
• 😀 **Regional Variation** refers to differences in language use depending on the geographic location. For example, 'aipim' is called 'mandioca' or 'macaxeira' in other regions of Brazil.
• 😀 **Regional Variation** also includes pronunciation differences, such as how 'portão' (gate) is said differently in various regions.
• 😀 **Social Variation** highlights how language differs between social groups, age groups, and gender, with terms like 'crush' and 'pãozinho' being generational examples.
• 😀 Social Variation is also influenced by class, with different social classes using distinct language forms and slang.
• 😀 **Group-specific Language** shows how subcultures like surfers, nerds, and skateboarders have their own unique slang, which is incomprehensible to outsiders.
• 😀 **Stylistic Variation** focuses on how language adapts based on the situation, like using formal language in a courtroom or professional setting, and informal language with friends.
• 😀 The importance of **formal vs. informal language** is a key aspect of stylistic variation, especially in different contexts where one style may be more appropriate than the other.
• 😀 The concept of **linguistic variation** is tested in exams like the ENEM, which regularly includes questions on how language changes in different contexts. Understanding these variations can give students an edge in exams.

Q & A

What is 'variação linguística' and why is it important?

'Variação linguística' refers to the differences in language use based on factors such as historical evolution, region, social group, and the context in which it is used. It's important because it helps us understand how language changes over time and how it varies across different contexts and groups.

What is an example of historical variation in the Portuguese language?

An example of historical variation is the transformation of the expression 'vossa mercê' (your mercy) into 'você' (you), as well as the change in the spelling of 'farmácia' from 'pharmácia' to the modern 'farmácia'. These changes reflect the evolution of the language over time.

How does regional variation manifest in Brazilian Portuguese?

Regional variation in Brazilian Portuguese refers to differences in vocabulary used in various parts of the country to refer to the same things. For example, 'aipim', 'mandioca', and 'macaxeira' all refer to the same root vegetable, but the names vary depending on the region.

Can you give an example of regional variation involving food names?

Yes, in Curitiba, people refer to 'cachorro quente' (hot dog) as 'cachorro quente com vina' (with sausage), while in other regions, it is simply called 'cachorro quente com salsicha' (with sausage). This is an example of regional variation in food names.

What does social variation refer to in language?

Social variation refers to differences in language use based on factors like age, gender, social class, and group identity. For example, the language used by older generations might differ from younger generations, and the way men and women communicate can also vary.

How does age influence social variation in language?

Age influences social variation because different generations use different terms and expressions. For instance, the word 'pãozinho' was used by older generations to refer to a romantic interest, while younger generations might use 'crush' instead.

What is the connection between gender and social variation in language?

Gender plays a role in social variation because men and women often use language differently. For example, men may use a more direct and informal language when interacting with each other, while women might use more elaborate and emotionally expressive language.

How does the class system influence language use in Brazil?

In Brazil, the class system influences language use because people from different social classes may have distinct ways of speaking. For example, language from upper classes may be more formal, while lower classes may use more colloquial expressions and slang.

What is an example of social variation based on subcultures or group identity?

An example of social variation based on subcultures is the use of slang within specific groups, such as surfers or skaters. For instance, the phrase 'pode pá' was used by students, which is a form of slang that may not be understood by those outside the group.

What does style variation in language refer to?

Style variation refers to the way language changes depending on the context or situation. For example, formal language is used in serious settings like a courtroom, while informal language is appropriate when talking with friends. This variation is about choosing the right level of formality for the situation.