IPS kelas 9 BAB 3 tantangan pembangunan Indonesia masa Orde lama kurikulum merdeka semester 2 genap

Summary

This video explores the history of Indonesia's development from the era of independence through the Orde Lama period (1945-1966). It outlines the meaning of 'pembangunan' (development) as a planned effort to improve the quality of life and the role of government in shaping national goals. The video covers the political instability post-independence, the challenges faced during the Parliamentary and Guided Democracies, and key infrastructure projects like Juanda Airport and the Ampera Bridge. The era laid the groundwork for future economic and political transformations in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 Pembangunan is a planned effort to improve the quality of life in various fields, aiming for national goals like advancing general welfare and educating the nation.
• 😀 The national development agenda in Indonesia is designed by the government and executed by society to achieve the national objectives outlined in the 1945 Constitution.
• 😀 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the country faced significant challenges including internal conflicts, rebellions, and a struggle with Dutch forces that continued until 1949.
• 😀 The economic structure inherited from the colonial period made it difficult for Indonesia to develop its economy effectively during the early years of independence.
• 😀 The first major political reform in post-independence Indonesia was the introduction of a parliamentary democracy, with the President as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government.
• 😀 Between 1955 and 1966, Indonesia saw political instability, with 10 different Prime Ministers and frequent changes in government leadership during the parliamentary democracy phase.
• 😀 The 1955 election and the Bandung Conference were notable achievements during the parliamentary democracy period, helping strengthen Indonesia's international position.
• 😀 In 1959, President Soekarno introduced the 'guided democracy,' which centralized power by merging the roles of the President and Prime Minister, aimed at political unity.
• 😀 Indonesia's early economic planning efforts included establishing institutions like the National Economic Planning Agency (Bappenas) in 1963 to steer long-term development.
• 😀 Key infrastructure projects, such as Juanda Airport (1964), the Ampera Bridge (1965), and the Jatiluhur Dam (1967), were completed to enhance connectivity and support economic growth.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'pembangunan' (development) as described in the script?

Pembangunan is a planned effort to encourage the improvement of the quality of life of society in various fields. National development refers to the development policies designed by the government and implemented by society to achieve national goals.

What are the national goals mentioned in the script?

The national goals, as outlined in the opening of the 1945 Constitution, are to advance public welfare, educate the nation, and contribute to world peace based on independence, eternal peace, and social justice.

What were the main challenges for Indonesia's development during the 'Orde Lama' period?

During the Orde Lama period, Indonesia faced internal conflicts, rebellions, political ideology clashes, and external conflicts such as the war with the Netherlands, which did not recognize Indonesia's independence until 1949. The economy was also still heavily influenced by colonial structures.

What political system did Indonesia adopt during the Orde Lama period?

Indonesia initially adopted a parliamentary democracy, where the President served as the head of state and the Prime Minister served as the head of government. This was later shifted to a 'guided democracy' in 1959, where the President held both roles.

How did the political system change during the 'Demokrasi Terpimpin' (Guided Democracy) period?

In 1959, President Sukarno introduced 'Demokrasi Terpimpin,' changing the government system from a parliamentary democracy to one where the President also took on the role of Prime Minister, consolidating power and unifying various political factions.

What was the significance of the 1955 general election in Indonesia?

The 1955 general election was significant as it was Indonesia's first-ever election, marking a milestone in the country's democratic development. It was successful and represented a step towards a more structured political system.

What was the role of Bappenas (National Development Planning Agency) in Indonesia's development?

Bappenas, established in 1963, played a critical role in planning and coordinating Indonesia's national development. It was responsible for creating long-term economic plans and managing the allocation of resources to various development projects.

What major infrastructure projects were undertaken during the Orde Lama period?

Key infrastructure projects during the Orde Lama period included the construction of Juanda International Airport (1964), Ampera Bridge (1965), and Jati Luhur Dam (1957-1967), which supported transportation, energy, and irrigation needs.

What were the key economic planning initiatives during the Orde Lama period?

Economic planning initiatives included the formation of the Economic Planning Committee in 1947, and the establishment of Bappenas in 1963. These efforts aimed to organize Indonesia's economic recovery and development through strategic planning and resource management.

How did the Orde Lama government address Indonesia's political and economic challenges?

The Orde Lama government worked to stabilize the political system through a series of policy reforms, such as the shift to a 'guided democracy,' and it focused on rebuilding the economy by establishing national planning bodies like Bappenas and working on infrastructure development.