Faraday's Electromagnetic Lab Simulation | PhET Virtual Lab Explained
Summary
TLDREste script de video ofrece una exploración detallada de los electromagnetes de Faraday a través de una simulación que puede descargarse desde el sitio web PhD T, conocido por sus simulaciones de física para secundarios. La simulación incluye un cuadernillo de ejercicios que guía al usuario a través de preguntas y conceptos fundamentales de la física magnética. Se discuten temas como la interacción de la brújula con un imán, el flujo de electrones en un bobina, la ley de Lenz y cómo afecta el movimiento del imán o la bobina la inducción de corrientes eléctricas. Además, se exploran conceptos de energía, como la conversión de energía cinética a energía eléctrica, y se sugieren diversas formas de aumentar la brillantez de una lámpara mediante el movimiento de un imán o cambios en la bobina. Finalmente, se tocan tópicos avanzados como la inducción mutua y la utilización de corrientes alternas (CA) en transformadores, proporcionando una base sólida para estudiantes que se preparan para exámenes de nivel GCSE.
Takeaways
- 🧲 La aguja de un compás interactúa con un imán de barra apuntando su polo norte hacia el polo sur del imán.
- 📏 Las líneas del campo magnético, que se representan en el fondo de la simulación, cambian su dirección al estar dentro del imán, pasando de norte a sur.
- 🔋 Al mover un imán hacia un bobina, se induce una corriente en la bobina, lo que podría encender una lámpara, debido a la Ley de Lenz.
- 🔄 Al mover la bobina hacia el imán, el resultado es similar al de mover el imán hacia la bobina, con la corriente inducida en la bobina.
- 🚫 Al alejar el imán de la bobina, la dirección de la corriente inducida cambia, mostrando que la corriente fluye en la dirección opuesta.
- 💡 Para hacer más brillante una lámpara, se puede aumentar la velocidad del movimiento del imán o aumentar el número de vueltas en la bobina.
- 🔌 Disminuir el voltaje o el número de vueltas en la bobina, o aumentar la separación entre el imán y la bobina, disminuirá la intensidad del campo magnético inducido.
- 🔁 Al utilizar una corriente alterna (CA), el campo magnético inducido también cambiará su dirección de manera alternante, lo que mantiene la lámpara encendida de manera continua.
- ⚙️ Un generador funcionará continuamente debido a la rotación constante del imán y la bobina, lo que induce una EMF y, por lo tanto, una corriente en el circuito.
- 🔄 Para aumentar la brillantez de la lámpara en un generador, se puede aumentar el flujo de agua, la fuerza del imán, el número de vueltas en la bobina, o el área de la bobina.
- ⚡ Para mantener la lámpara encendida de manera continua sin utilizar CA, se puede mover la bobina hacia adelante y atrás, o cambiar la cantidad de voltaje, vueltas o área de la bobina rápidamente.
Q & A
¿Cómo interactúa la brújula con el imán de barra y qué observarías al moverla alrededor?
-La aguja roja de la brújula, que indica el polo norte, apuntaría hacia el polo sur del imán. Esto es un fenómeno que también se puede observar en un laboratorio.
Si las líneas del campo magnético se definen como apuntando desde el norte hacia el sur, ¿qué sucede cuando estas líneas están dentro del imán?
-Cuando las líneas del campo magnético están dentro del imán, su dirección es la opuesta, es decir, apuntan desde el sur hacia el norte. Esto se debe a que el interior de un imán se compone de muchos imanes minúsculos, y cada uno de ellos mantiene su propia dirección de campo magnético.
¿Qué sucede cuando se mueve el imán hacia el bobina en la simulación y cómo se puede explicar el movimiento de los electrones en el bobina?
-Cuando se mueve el imán hacia el bobina, los electrones se mueven hacia abajo, lo que indica una corriente inducida en dirección ascendente. Esto se debe a la Ley de Lenz, que establece que la corriente se induce de manera opuesta al cambio en el campo magnético.
Si en lugar del imán se mueve el bobina hacia el imán, ¿la respuesta cambia?
-No, la respuesta es la misma que cuando el imán se mueve hacia el bobina. La relatividad de la situación no afecta el fenómeno físico observado, y la corriente sigue siendo inducida en la misma dirección.
¿Qué ocurre cuando se aleja el imán del bobina y cómo se describe el flujo de electrones en el bobina?
-Al alejar el imán del bobina, el flujo de electrones se invierte, es decir, fluye hacia arriba en lugar de hacia abajo. Esto también se puede explicar por la Ley de Lenz, que se aplica a cualquier cambio en el campo magnético.
¿Cómo se puede hacer para que la lámpara se ilumine más brillante?
-Para hacer que la lámpara se ilumine más brillante, se puede mover el imán más rápido hacia el bobina, aumentar el número de vueltas en el bobina o aumentar la fuerza del imán.
¿Qué sucede si disminuyes la fuerza del imán a un 20% y se mueve el imán?
-Si disminuyes la fuerza del imán a un 20%, la lámpara se volverá mucho más tenue, independientemente de la velocidad a la que se mueva el imán.
¿Cómo se puede hacer para disminuir la fuerza del campo magnético inducido en un electromagnete?
-Para disminuir la fuerza del campo magnético inducido, se puede reducir la tensión de la fuente de energía, disminuir el número de vueltas en el bobina o aumentar la separación entre el bobina y el imán.
¿Qué sucede cuando se invierte la dirección de la corriente en el circuito?
-Al invertir la dirección de la corriente, la dirección del campo magnético también se invierte. Esto se debe a que la corriente fluye en la dirección opuesta, lo que afecta el campo magnético generado.
¿Qué sucede cuando se cambia la corriente a corriente alterna (CA) en la simulación?
-Cuando se utiliza una corriente alterna, la dirección del campo magnético cambia periódicamente. Esto se debe a que la corriente alterna induce un campo magnético que cambia su dirección en función de la frecuencia de la corriente.
¿Cómo se puede hacer para que una lámpara se mantenga encendida continuamente en una simulación de generador?
-Para mantener una lámpara encendida continuamente, se debe mantener un cambio continuo en el campo magnético experimentado por el bobina. Esto se logra moviendo constantemente el imán o el bobina, o utilizando una corriente alterna para inducir un campo magnético cambiante.
¿Cuáles son algunas formas de aumentar la brillantez de la lámpara en una simulación de transformador?
-Para aumentar la brillantez de la lámpara, se pueden aumentar la corriente en la fuente, aumentar la frecuencia de la corriente alterna, aumentar el número de vueltas en el bobina, disminuir la separación entre el bobina y el núcleo del transformador o aumentar el área de las bobinas.
Outlines
🧲 Introducción a los imanes de Faraday y simulaciones
Este primer párrafo presenta un video sobre los imanes de Faraday, incluyendo una simulación del laboratorio que se puede descargar desde el sitio web PhD T, conocido por sus simulaciones de física para secundarios. Se proporciona un enlace y una hoja de trabajo para acompañar la simulación, con explicaciones detalladas de las preguntas relacionadas con la interacción del compás con el imán, el flujo de líneas magnéticas y la polaridad interna del imán. Además, se explora el concepto de la bobina de recogida y cómo el movimiento de un imán cerca de ella induce una corriente eléctrica, en consonancia con la Ley de Lenz.
🤓 Ley de Lenz y su aplicación en la simulación
El segundo párrafo se enfoca en la Ley de Lenz, explicando cómo la corriente se induce en una bobina en respuesta al cambio en el campo magnético. Se describe el experimento de mover una bobina hacia un imán y viceversa, y cómo la corriente se induce en ambas situaciones. Se discuten también métodos para hacer que una lámpara se ilumine más brillante, como aumentar la velocidad del movimiento del imán o aumentar el número de bucles en la bobina. Finalmente, se explora cómo disminuir la intensidad del campo magnético inducido al cambiar la velocidad del movimiento del imán o la fuerza del mismo.
💡 Explorando el generador y la inducción mutua
Este párrafo cubre la pestaña del generador en la simulación, donde se ilustra el funcionamiento de un generador de corriente continua. Se discuten conceptos clave para los exámenes de GCSE, como la relación entre el movimiento del imán y el cambio en la fuerza del campo magnético, y cómo esto induce una corriente en la bobina. Se sugieren varias formas de aumentar la brillantez de una lámpara, incluyendo aumentar el flujo de agua, cambiar la fuerza del imán, agregar más bucles en la bobina y aumentar el área de la bobina. Además, se exploran métodos poco prácticos para mantener encendida la lámpara, como cambiar la velocidad o el número de bucles, y se menciona la inducción mutua en el contexto de corrientes alternas.
🔌 Inducción mutua y formas de aumentar la brillantez de una lámpara
El cuarto y último párrafo profundiza en la inducción mutua, explicando paso a paso el proceso y su importancia en los exámenes del IGCSE. Se sugieren seis formas de aumentar la brillantez de una lámpara, como aumentar la corriente, cambiar la frecuencia, aumentar el número de bucles en la bobina, reducir la separación entre los bucles, y aumentar el área de los bucles. Se discute cómo estos factores afectan el cambio en el flujo de campo magnético y, por lo tanto, la corriente inducida. Finalmente, se invita a los espectadores a explorar más la simulación y a compartir sus ideas.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Faraday's electromagnets
💡Campo magnético
💡Inducción electromagnética
💡Ley de Lenz
💡Bobina
💡EMF inducida
💡Ley de Faraday
💡Transformador
💡Corriente alterna (CA)
💡Energía cinética
💡Simulación
Highlights
Faraday's electromagnets lab simulation is available for download from PhD T, a renowned website for physics simulations.
The simulation includes a worksheet with explanations for various questions related to electromagnetism.
Interaction of a compass with a bar magnet is demonstrated, showing the red needle (North Pole) pointing towards the South Pole of the magnet.
Magnetic field lines inside a magnet are shown to be opposite in direction to those outside, explained through the concept of cutting a magnet.
Induction of current in a coil is explained using Lenz's Law when a magnet is moved towards the coil, causing electrons to move downward.
The effect of moving a coil towards a magnet is shown to be the same as moving a magnet towards a coil, relative to the observer.
When a magnet is moved away from a coil, the direction of electron flow is opposite to when it approaches, as explained by Lenz's Law.
The brightness of a lamp can be increased by moving the magnet faster or increasing the number of coil loops.
Decreasing the strength of the magnet or the percentage of the magnet's interaction with the coil results in a dimmer lamp.
The induced B field strength can be weakened by lowering the voltage or reducing the number of coil loops.
Reversing the direction of the current pathway in a coil will reverse the direction of the magnetic field.
Using an alternating current (AC) instead of direct current (DC) in a coil results in a periodically changing magnetic field.
A generator is explained as a device that continuously turns a magnet, inducing an EMF and causing a lamp to stay on.
Four ways to make a lamp brighter in a generator setup are suggested, including increasing water flow and magnetic field strength.
The process of mutual induction in a transformer setup is described, explaining how alternating current leads to a continuous brightness of a lamp.
Six ways to increase the brightness of a lamp in a transformer setup are suggested, such as increasing the current and reducing the separation between coils.
The concept of wireless charging is touched upon, relating to the principles of electromagnetic induction demonstrated in the simulation.
Transcripts
okay physics student this is a video
about Faraday's electromagnets lab
simulation you can download from PhD T
which is a very famous website for
physics simulation in secondary so I put
the link here and also in the
description as well I made a worksheet
that is for this simulation assume your
Thunder and here is the explanation for
those questions so the first part is
about the first half bar magnets the
first question it is asking you how does
the compass interact with the bar magnet
and if you try to move it around and of
course you should see this is something
that you also observe in the lab as well
the red needle which is the North Pole
of the compass will point to the South
Pole of the magnet so this is what you
will say in the answer very very normal
and question number two is asking if we
say the magnetic field line in fact in
this simulation the background is in
magnetic field line if we say is
pointing from north to south as we
define it and what will happen when this
is inside the magnet so here there's a
button you can click right here it set C
inside the magnet so you can see if it
is coming from north to south outside
which is the direction is going from
maybe I can draw here which is like this
so you can see how these will go is
following the direction of going from
white to red color and so with this pen
is inside you can see that it is
actually the opposite it go from south
to north
instead inside the magnet so this is
what we could observe as well there is
actually an explanation if you find
strange because how come inside the
magnet is opposite think about this if
you ever have a magnet
like the one that we have here if you
ever try to cut it into half right cut
this in your house what you have
afterwards is you will have to new
magnet of course but then what will
happen to that hole imagine you cut this
open here what happened to them is you
will have the magnet that is having like
this alright so the new new part of
these would become North Pole
new part of this becomes South Pole and
that is very intuitive because thing
about a bar magnet you can imagine is
made of many infinitely small bar magnet
can you imagine that
right many many slice of magnet put
together and so if you try to put cut
them off together then these will become
normal
these will become cell phone and that's
why it was stuck together and if you
think about the magnetic field line
between this imaginary inner magnet then
you can see the magnetic field is also
going from north or south so as a whole
you will see the manic field go from
south to north pole of the the whole
magnet but inside actually it still
remain the same in that case it's a very
interesting question number 2 which is
the second type pickup coil here we have
the question asking you what happened
when you try to move the coil to us
sorry
moving the magnet towards the coil so
this is what you should find out
apparently the light would switch on but
it's asking you inside the code so you
may you may try to pay attention to the
coil you can see the blue balls will
move downward and those are actually
electron and so what you may say about
for this is you may say the electron
flow down or you may say the current is
induced a directed upward in that case
because you know the conventional
currents and the electron flow are
opposite direction
the way that we explain the answer
should be saying according to Lenz law a
current must be induced Lenz law is very
important current must be induced in a
way to oppose the change of magnetic
field so in this case the B field which
is magnetic field is pointing towards
the right and when you go closer to it
it becomes stronger
okay become stronger so you have to say
there's a change and the change is
becoming stronger to the right and
therefore the coil will want to induce a
current that is pointing towards the
left according to the lens not oppose a
change on magnetic field and using the
right hand grip rule you'll be able to
find out the current is actually going
up in that case so that is why you see
the current I mean the electron going
downward in that case so this is the
explanation which will be accepted by
our GCSE level question number three in
this session when you move the coil to
was in man is that described what will
happen so instead of magnet going
towards a coil now coil move towards the
magnet and you know everything is just
relative then apparently it will be the
same result so let me do it again when I
move close to it you can see the
electron also moves down as well so it's
the same answer as what we did earlier
into upon what number four they said if
we move the man away from the code that
basically means when you move through
the coil like so like this and so what
will happen in the coil so pay attention
that just now where we say going in the
electron go down and then when we are
leaving you can see let's go up so
basically the direction is opposite and
you can also explain by lens law as well
but here just asking us to describe so
simply you can say you - on flow upward
or current flows downward how can we
make the lamp brighter apparently we can
move the magnet faster so
is going through it you may want to go
faster if you go slowly you can see the
brightness is very low very team but if
you go quicker you can see will become
very bright and that is something to do
with the energy conservation the kinetic
energy of the magnets converted to the
electrical energy the other way you can
do is you can also increase the loop of
the coil which apparently now you can
see it's much brighter with assuming we
have the same speed going into it if I
change it to one loop you can see no
matter how hard I try it will be still
quite dim in that case we can also try
to increase the strength of the magnet
which could be say hundred then of
course it will be brighter next question
is asking you if you change it to 20%
what will happens to the magnet I mean
what what happens to land when you move
the magnet so say twenty actually any
any low will be fine you should find it
will become much dimmer no matter how
you do or if even if you try to do like
3% to extremely dim or even 0% then
there will be nothing apparently next
part is about the electromagnet and it
asks you how to make the induced B field
strength weaker so how to make it weaker
apparently are the the color of the
background which those are arrow and the
back will represent its few strengths so
one idea is that you lower the voltage
which you can see when I lower the
voltage to say 1 you can see the
background is much dimmer which actually
means that the B field strength is much
weaker and also we can tell by looking
at the currents flow it looks slower and
of course in that case the B fluids we
can also the other way you can do could
also be less lump of coil so if you get
less that you can also see you get
dimmer in the background which in the
actual physics way is to say are the
magnetic field strength is weaker of
course when we are trying to draw on
paper or more stead
the way to present in the physics it
will not be simply Dima or brighter in
in terms of them they feel we will draw
that in terms of the density so how
close the molecular for example it
should be going like this this is how it
could be if you want to make make it
more strong represent to be stronger
than you simply just draw more and if it
is weaker than of course you will not be
drawing like as tense as before for
number three point two what will happen
when you reverse the direction of
pathway and that is obvious you will
have the P if you go in the opposite
direction so if you try to use a compass
to put here and you find after that it
will become opposite or reverse the
direction of B field simply if you
reverse the direction of the battery
three point three or what happened when
you change the current to AC so let's
try it out so interesting thing is you
find out us basically it's basically
what you do just now but then you do it
automatically
so like this are you doing automatically
like this so the B view direction will
change periodically depending on the
frequencies of course if you change the
frequency higher they will keep changing
or lower frequency okay it HS to change
the direction but is still changing
periodically at least let's take a look
of generator so generator here is the
fifth tab actually and it asks you when
you open the tab you should see the lamp
is going continuously as you can see
here and explain one so here is a quite
some important stuff that you may use
for our GCSE exam and that includes the
water will keep first of all in this
case they want to keep turning the wheel
and the magnet will also be turning
continuously sometimes what will happen
is not the water tap but it could be
someone simply turning the crank of the
generator so you should change it
accordingly
second thing is
is turning then there will always be a
change of magnetic field strength
experienced by the coil right here and
according to Faraday's law you must
quote the name of the law whenever there
is a change of magnetic flux linkage I
explained in the previous video then
there will be an induced EMF okay and
this is the first thing mentioned by
Faraday's law and since this is a
completist circuit on the right hand
side here then a current must be induced
because this EMF that means voltage then
there must be current if the circuit is
completed and flowing through the lamp
and therefore the lamb is on
continuously since again the whole
process is continuously changing the
beef you in this case number two suggest
four ways to obtain a brighter lamp
so therefore ways one is to increase the
water flow as you can see now it's
brighter second is such a changing to
increase as you say increase the
magnetic field strength of the magnet so
now it's 75 if I change 200 it's
brighter if I make it weaker than DEMA
of course I'm afraid is to add more
numbers of loops so we could change from
2 to 3 now it's brighter if it decrease
it will be dimmer
very intuitive number 4 give it a
greater area so if we change to greater
area it should look brighter but it may
not be that obvious in the simulation
but in theory it should be bright I
think it is showing brighter when there
is a spec up but then it may not be the
healthiest you have to try to see more
carefully the other way that you can do
which is not allowed in the simulation
yes I could actually put the coil closer
so then in that case apparently the beef
you experience will also be stronger
because of the distance shorter
the last one which is just transformer
is the first question is to move the
battery and call to us
the Wrights quickly and stop so this one
move to it quickly and stop what will
happen to a lamp so similar to what we
had earlier the lamp will be switched on
and then it will go off since we stopped
moving
and of course you know our the reason
behind number two is asking you to
suggest to way to keep the lamp to be on
forever using the battery coil that
means we don't want to not use the AC of
course later on you know where you
change your AC then it will be fine but
then let's not do it for this question
is there any other way you can do so
just to wait so one way is apparently
you can move the coil / involve like so
back and forth like this or the other
coil because again is worth in motion so
both of them are fine other than that
there are some other suggestions you can
have actually which may not be that easy
to think and in fact these are not
practical so that means number two in
the actual situation you probably cannot
do it the first one is to change I'm not
sure if you have fall about that change
the voltage of the battery so in our
simulation this is what we can do but
then of course in our actual laboratory
you cannot do it I mean how can you
suddenly change the voltage the EMF of
the battery you can not because it's
already fixed when it is manufactured so
you can't do it unless you really change
it to AC second thing is you can do is
you can also change the number of loops
which actually you may see it try to
pair to pay attention when I simply
change the look alright if I change it
quick enough are using my keyboard to
change it you can see the light switch
on like this alright and that is also
because of the change of magnetic flux
linkage linkage means are all the B
field that add up together
and so of course if you have less cold
and the language is less so that's why
there's a change still which induced
e-m-f the other one is you can also
change the area I'm not sure if you can
see but just now here there was some
light right here try it by yourself also
number five now I'll change it to AC and
you can see the light is on continuously
this process is called mutual induction
and explain what why this what happens
step by step so again similar to what we
did and the reason why I asked you this
over over again is because this is
really popular in the IGCSE exam and
this should be something that you should
be very familiar with before the exam so
what you can do is you can explain
because the alternating current would
induce the be filled with alternating
direction in the coil this is very
important to specify this alternating
current with the Beave you induce that
is also alternating by changing
periodically and therefore there is a
constant change this is very important
constant change of magnetic flux linkage
experienced by the lame code that means
the other one again you have to quote a
law Faraday's law that in that case
there will be a changing EMF and and
also the actually you can just say yeah
math if you like
I mean that's alright asthma but in
these cases the magnetic force linkage
is changing inconsistently and therefore
the EMF induced is also inconsistent but
there is always one here and changing
current across the lamp oil so this is
what happened here the last one is the
one that is also very interesting
suggest six ways to increase the
brightness of the lamp so what you can
do is with our setup here first of all
you can increase the current Emperor to
or simply increase the current if you
say so you should see is bright
I hope is is it brighter yeah it should
be but maybe I can make it more office
when you're an Apple closer so now oops
now it's brighter no it's dimmer okay so
that of course will affect the
brightness second thing is that you can
see on the x-axis here this will change
the frequency so again if your frequency
is higher then of course the change
again if you try to go over all this
explanation again then they will have a
greater change on my neck first language
versus if it is lower then you'll be not
as sprite okay number three is
increasing the number of loops are on
athlete each side for three and four so
if you could four is maximum here but
then two is I mean free is the other
Messam so you can see it's brighter or
if I turn you to one and one on each
side it would be not as sprite in that
case so you may want to make as many
coils as you want number five is to
reduce the separation between two codes
that means you may want to put them
closer simply you can see it's much much
brighter Wow if you put them far apart
then they can't really experience much
this is something to do with nowadays
you know there are some wireless charger
this is actually exactly the same idea
how you do the wireless charging but of
course inside is some something more to
do with safety and also the signaling
but then I hope you can understand the
reason why wireless charger will work
and also in the future
you may want to put them simply closer
instead of just you know randomly put
them in a messy way so you want to put
as close as possible still the most
sexiest is to increase the area of the
loops so once again that should help
although it may not be their obvious but
I believe that should help also alright
I don't think they the simulator is make
to show this but in theory it should
okay so that is all I hope you enjoyed
this simulation if you have any idea of
how we can explore explore this
simulation more let me know
and our appreciate it
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