Indonesian Government System

Summary

This video explores the concept of government systems, focusing on Indonesia's system. It discusses the meaning of a 'system,' its components, and how interconnected parts work together to maintain stability and governance. The video explains both narrow and broad definitions of government systems, distinguishing between parliamentary and presidential systems, and touches on Indonesia's hybrid system post-1945 amendments. It highlights the roles of the President, ministers, and parliament, their powers, and interrelations, ultimately describing how Indonesia's government maintains order, accountability, and democratic principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 The word 'system' is derived from Latin and Greek, and refers to a group of interconnected components working towards a common goal.
• 😀 Systems can be found in various domains, including government, health, and technology. For example, Indonesia’s government operates within a complex system involving different levels of governance.
• 😀 In a narrow sense, the government system is seen as the mechanism for maintaining national stability and preventing radical behavior.
• 😀 The broader view of government systems includes maintaining societal stability, regulating minority and majority behavior, and managing national defense, security, and the economy.
• 😀 Indonesia has a presidential system with elements that distinguish it from pure parliamentary systems, such as the president’s independence from the legislature.
• 😀 In a parliamentary system, the head of government is the prime minister, who is accountable to the parliament. The executive and legislative powers are often held by the same party or coalition.
• 😀 In a presidential system, the president holds both the head of state and head of government roles, with a fixed term of office and independence from the legislature.
• 😀 The Indonesian government system is a hybrid, with the president holding executive power while still cooperating with the parliament on legislation and budget matters.
• 😀 The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia establishes that the president, as the head of state, is responsible for the government, but his power is limited and not absolute.
• 😀 After the constitutional amendments, Indonesia became a constitutional state with a presidential system, where the president appoints ministers responsible only to him, and the parliament is bicameral, consisting of the DPR and DPD.

Q & A

What is the meaning of the word 'system' as discussed in the script?

The word 'system' comes from the Latin 'Systema' and the Greek 'Systema', and refers to a structured network of components that work together as one unit to achieve a common goal. A system can be found in various fields, such as the human body, electronic systems, and government.

How does the script define the 'system of government'?

The system of government is defined as a group of interrelated elements that help regulate the administration of the country. It can be understood narrowly as the executive apparatus of the government or broadly as a combination of all state institutions that govern a country, including the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

What is the difference between the narrow and broad interpretations of a government system?

In the narrow sense, the government system refers specifically to the institutions responsible for running the government's day-to-day operations and maintaining stability. In the broader sense, it includes all state institutions, such as the legislature and judiciary, and their role in shaping policies and maintaining overall governance.

What are the two main types of government systems mentioned in the script?

The two main types of government systems mentioned are the parliamentary government system and the presidential government system. Additionally, there is a semi-presidential system, which is a hybrid of both.

How is the parliamentary government system characterized?

In a parliamentary government system, the head of state is separate from the head of government. The executive (the prime minister and cabinet) is accountable to the parliament. The government can be dissolved by the parliament, and elections are typically held to form a new government.

What are the key features of the presidential system of government?

In the presidential system, the president is both the head of state and head of government, elected by the people. The president is not accountable to the parliament, and there is a clear separation between the executive and legislative branches. The president serves a fixed term and cannot be removed by parliament.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the parliamentary system of government?

Advantages include quick policy-making due to the alignment between the executive and the legislature, clear accountability, and fast decision-making. Disadvantages include instability due to the potential for the executive to be dissolved by the parliament and the possibility of executive overreach if the cabinet controls the majority in parliament.

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the presidential system of government?

The strengths of the presidential system include stable executive power with fixed terms and clear separation of powers. However, weaknesses include the potential for unchecked presidential power, lack of direct legislative supervision, and slower decision-making due to the separation of powers.

How does Indonesia's government system differ from purely parliamentary or presidential systems?

Indonesia’s government system is a hybrid that incorporates elements of both parliamentary and presidential systems. The president holds significant executive power but is not accountable to the parliament. Ministers are appointed by the president and are responsible to him, not the parliament.

What changes were made to Indonesia’s government system after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution?

After the amendments, Indonesia became a constitutional state with a unitary system. The president is the head of state and government, and the executive power is exercised by the president and vice president. The legislature consists of a bicameral parliament, and judicial power is vested in the Constitutional Court and other courts.