Sistem Pemerintahan

Summary

The video explores the difference between presidential and parliamentary systems of government, focusing on how Indonesia's system blends elements from both. It highlights the history of Indonesia's shifting governance, from a parliamentary system to a presidential one, particularly after the 1959 Presidential Decree. The current Indonesian system, known as the 'constitutional presidential system,' combines the principles of a presidential system with constitutional adjustments. It features direct elections, a multi-party system, and checks and balances, ensuring that the president is accountable to the constitution rather than to the parliament, offering a unique take on presidential governance.

Takeaways

• 😀 The United States follows a presidential system where the president is both the head of state and government.
• 😀 Indonesia initially adopted a presidential system but switched to a parliamentary system briefly, leading to political instability.
• 😀 In a parliamentary system, the president or monarch serves as head of state, while the prime minister is the head of government.
• 😀 Indonesia's system today is a 'presidential constitutional' system, adapting features from both presidential and parliamentary systems.
• 😀 Indonesia's president is directly elected by the people, as per the 1945 Constitution, signaling a unique mix of presidential and parliamentary elements.
• 😀 In the 'presidential constitutional' system, the president can issue regulations, approve or reject laws, and is accountable to the constitution.
• 😀 The Indonesian president cannot dissolve the parliament, a feature distinguishing it from purely presidential systems like that of the U.S.
• 😀 The key features of Indonesia’s current system include checks and balances, direct election of the president, and accountability to the constitution.
• 😀 Syamsul Basri's concept of the 'presidential constitutional' system shows a balance between executive power and legislative oversight.
• 😀 Jimly Asshiddiqi's analysis emphasizes clear separation of powers, with the president as the sole executive and no overlap with the legislative branch.

Q & A

What is the main distinction between the presidential and parliamentary systems of government?

In a presidential system, the president functions as both the head of state and head of government, while in a parliamentary system, the head of state (president or monarch) is separate from the head of government (the prime minister), who is accountable to the parliament.

How does Indonesia's system of government differ from the United States' presidential system?

Indonesia's system, while based on the presidential model, incorporates elements of the parliamentary system, making it a 'presidential constitutional system.' This adaptation includes the direct election of the president and checks and balances between the executive and legislature.

What does the 'presidential constitutional system' in Indonesia entail?

It refers to a system where the president holds executive power but is also subject to constitutional limitations, with a strong emphasis on checks and balances between branches of government. This system includes direct election of the president and specific conditions under which the president can be removed.

What historical events led Indonesia to shift from a presidential system to a parliamentary one and back?

Indonesia initially adopted a presidential system, then shifted to a parliamentary system during the Republic of Indonesia's period under the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) in 1949. However, instability and frequent cabinet changes led to the reversion to the presidential system with President Sukarno's 1959 decree.

What role does the president have in Indonesia’s current system of government?

In Indonesia’s current system, the president is both the head of state and head of government, responsible for leading the administration, issuing regulations, proposing laws, and ensuring the executive branch functions effectively under the constitution.

How does the system of government in Indonesia allow for political checks and balances?

Indonesia’s system includes mechanisms like the ability of the parliament to oversee the government through interpellation and inquiries, and the president is held accountable to the constitution. However, the president cannot dissolve the parliament, ensuring a separation of powers.

What are some of the key features of a presidential system as described in the transcript?

Key features include the direct election of the president, a clear separation of powers between the executive and legislature, the president acting as the sole executive, and the principle of checks and balances ensuring that no branch of government overpowers the others.

What did Jimly Asshiddiqie highlight as the key principles of a presidential system?

Jimly Asshiddiqie identified principles like clear separation of powers, executive supremacy under the president, the president’s direct accountability to the constitution, and the lack of a mechanism for the president to dissolve parliament, as key features of a presidential system.

Why did Indonesia experience political instability during the parliamentary system?

The parliamentary system in Indonesia led to political instability due to frequent changes in cabinets, which resulted in a lack of continuity and effective governance. This instability ultimately led to the reversion to a presidential system.

What does the term 'multipartism' mean in the context of Indonesia's political system?

Multipartism refers to a political system in which multiple political parties exist and compete for power, which is a characteristic of Indonesia’s current system under its 'presidential constitutional' model. This contrasts with a two-party system that may be found in some other presidential systems.