Asal Mula nama Bulan di Kalender

Summary

This video explores the fascinating origins of the names of the months in the Gregorian calendar, tracing their roots back to ancient Roman times. It delves into how the months were initially named according to numbers, such as September (from 'septem' meaning seven), despite their current positions in the calendar. The script also explains the historical evolution of the calendar, from the Roman calendar to the Julian and Gregorian systems, and provides insight into the mythological figures and events behind the names of each month. It’s an intriguing look at the intersection of history, mythology, and timekeeping.

Takeaways

• 😀 The names of the months in the Gregorian calendar (like September, October, November, and December) are derived from Latin numbers, but their positions in the calendar don’t match their original meanings.
• 😀 The Roman calendar originally had only 10 months, starting with March and ending with December, before January and February were added later.
• 😀 The Gregorian calendar, which is used worldwide today, was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 to fix inaccuracies in the earlier Julian calendar.
• 😀 January is named after the Roman god Janus, who symbolized transitions and beginnings, as he had two faces looking toward the past and future.
• 😀 February gets its name from the Roman festival Februa, which was a time for cleansing and purification, and the month was historically considered the end of the year.
• 😀 March is named after Mars, the Roman god of war, as it was the traditional time to start military campaigns after the winter months.
• 😀 April is likely derived from the Latin word 'aperire,' meaning to open, representing the blooming of flowers and the start of spring, though it may also be linked to the goddess Aphrodite in Greek mythology.
• 😀 May is named after the Greek mythological nymph Maia, one of the Pleiades sisters, or possibly from 'maiores,' Latin for 'elders', signifying respect for elders.
• 😀 June is named after Juno, the Roman goddess of marriage and childbirth, highlighting her significance in Roman culture as the protector of the state.
• 😀 July was originally called Quintilis, the fifth month in the old Roman calendar, but was renamed in honor of Julius Caesar after his death to honor his legacy and influence.
• 😀 August was originally Sextilis, the sixth month, but was renamed after Augustus Caesar to commemorate his rise to power and his military victories, including the conquest of Egypt.

Q & A

Why is September considered the 9th month, even though its name originates from the Latin word for 'seven'?

September was originally the 7th month in the Roman calendar, which had only 10 months. When the calendar was adjusted to include 12 months, September retained its name and position despite its meaning. This reflects how traditional practices were kept even when the calendar system changed.

What were the key issues with the Roman calendar, and how did the Julian calendar address them?

The Roman calendar initially had only 10 months and was based on lunar cycles, leading to inaccuracies. The Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar, fixed this by aligning the calendar with the solar year, resulting in 365.25 days per year, and introducing leap years to correct for the extra 0.25 days annually.

Why was the calendar year shifted to start in January instead of March in the Julian calendar?

In the Roman calendar, the year initially started in March. However, Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January because of the inaccuracies in the earlier system, aligning it with the new solar-based calendar.

What is the significance of the month January and how does it relate to Roman mythology?

January is named after the Roman god Janus, the god of beginnings, transitions, and doorways. Janus is often depicted with two faces, symbolizing the past and the future, which aligns with the idea of January as a time of transition between years.

What historical practice led to the naming of February as a month of purification?

February was named after 'februa', which refers to purification rituals in Roman tradition. The month was associated with the cleansing of homes and people, and the festival of Februa was held to honor the god of purification, Februus.

How did the Roman calendar evolve to include the months of January and February?

Originally, the Roman calendar had only 10 months. However, around 713 BCE, the second Roman king, Numa Pompilius, added January and February to the calendar to align it with the lunar year. These months were positioned at the end of the year, which later led to their shift to the beginning of the year in the Julian calendar.

What was the role of the god Mars in Roman society and how is it reflected in the month of March?

Mars was the Roman god of war and agriculture. The month of March, named after Mars, was originally the first month of the year, marking the start of the Roman military campaign season. It was a time when soldiers would prepare for war after the harsh winter months.

Why is April associated with the opening of flowers, and how does it connect to Roman agriculture?

April is named after the Latin word 'aperio', meaning 'to open', reflecting the blossoming of flowers in spring. It was also a time when Roman farmers began their planting season, marking the start of spring and agricultural activities.

How did the name of the month May originate, and what is its connection to Greek mythology?

The month of May is believed to be named after Maia, a goddess in Greek mythology who was associated with fertility and growth. She was one of the Pleiades, the seven daughters of the Titan Atlas, and was connected to the renewal of nature, which aligns with the growing season of spring.

How did the month of July come to be named after Julius Caesar?

July was originally called Quintilis, meaning 'fifth' in Latin, as it was the fifth month in the early Roman calendar. After Julius Caesar's assassination, the Senate renamed it to 'Julius' in his honor, as he was born in this month.

What is the historical reason for renaming the sixth month to August, and how does it honor Augustus Caesar?

The month originally named Sextilis was changed to August in honor of Emperor Augustus, who was the first Roman emperor. The month was named after him due to his military victories and leadership, including the conquest of Egypt, which were significant achievements in Roman history.

Why do the months September, October, November, and December retain their original Latin names despite their positions in the calendar being shifted?

These months retain their original names from the Roman calendar, where they were the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th months respectively. Despite the shift to a 12-month calendar, their names, which are based on their numerical positions, were not changed.