Sejarah Kalender Masehi (Western Calendar) #astronomy #ilmufalak #kalender #ngilmu @primaovi

Summary

This video delves into the history of the Gregorian calendar, tracing its origins from the ancient Roman calendar established by King Numa Pompilius. It highlights the transitions made through the Julian calendar under Julius Caesar's rule, including the shift from a lunar to a solar system, and the implementation of leap years. The narrative then moves to the pivotal reforms by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, correcting the errors in the Julian calendar and introducing the Gregorian calendar. The video also covers the widespread adoption of the Gregorian calendar across various nations and its current global use.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Gregorian Calendar is named after Pope Gregory XIII, who made significant reforms to the Roman calendar.
• 😀 The Roman Calendar, created by King Numa Pompilius, was a lunar calendar with only 10 months and 355 days in a year.
• 😀 The names of the Roman calendar months were based on gods and important figures from Roman and Greek mythology.
• 😀 Julius Caesar reformed the calendar in 46 BCE, transitioning to a solar calendar with 365.25 days per year and adding leap years.
• 😀 The Julian Calendar also renamed months, such as Quintilis to Julius (July) and Sextilis to Augustus (August).
• 😀 Pope Gregory XIII made further corrections to the Julian calendar in 1582 due to discrepancies in the length of the year.
• 😀 The Gregorian reform adjusted the leap year rule and shortened the calendar by 10 days, moving directly from October 4 to October 15, 1582.
• 😀 The Gregorian Calendar was adopted by Italy, Spain, Portugal, and France in 1582, and gradually spread to other countries over the centuries.
• 😀 The Gregorian Calendar was formally adopted by countries such as England in 1752 and Russia in 1917.
• 😀 Indonesia adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1910 under a Dutch law, making it the official international calendar used today.

Q & A

What is the Gregorian calendar, and who is it named after?

The Gregorian calendar is a refinement of the Julian calendar, named after Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582 to correct discrepancies in the Julian calendar.

Who created the ancient Roman calendar, and what was its primary basis?

The ancient Roman calendar was created by the second Roman king, Numa Pompilius. It was based on the lunar cycle, with a year consisting of 10 months, excluding winter months.

What were the names of the months in the ancient Roman calendar?

In the ancient Roman calendar, the months were: Martius (March), Aprilis (April), Maius (May), Junius (June), Quintilis (July), Sextilis (August), September (September), October (October), November (November), December (December), Januarius (January), and Februarius (February).

How many days were in a year according to the ancient Roman calendar?

The ancient Roman calendar had 355 days in a year.

What was the origin of the names of the months in the ancient Roman calendar?

The names of the months in the ancient Roman calendar were derived from names of gods, influential figures, and religious ceremonies in Roman mythology, such as Mars (Martius) and Juno (Junius).

What major change did Julius Caesar introduce to the Roman calendar?

Julius Caesar reformed the Roman calendar in 46 BCE, switching from a lunar-based system to a solar-based system and establishing the year as 365.25 days. He also introduced the leap year every four years.

Why did Julius Caesar's calendar need further corrections?

Julius Caesar's calendar still had inaccuracies, as the year was slightly longer than 365.25 days, leading to a discrepancy between the calendar and the actual solar year.

What specific correction did Pope Gregory XIII make to the Julian calendar?

Pope Gregory XIII corrected the Julian calendar by reducing the discrepancy of 10 days and implementing a more accurate leap year system, where years divisible by 100 are not leap years unless they are also divisible by 400.

When did countries start adopting the Gregorian calendar?

The Gregorian calendar was initially adopted in 1582 by countries such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal, with many other countries following suit in the following centuries, including Indonesia in 1910.

What impact did the reform of the calendar by Pope Gregory XIII have on the date of October 4, 1582?

Due to the calendar correction, October 4, 1582, was directly followed by October 15, 1582, skipping 10 days in order to align the calendar with the solar year.