Sejarah Ilmu Psikologi di Indonesia | Seri Sejarah Psikologi

Summary

This video explores the development of psychology in Indonesia, from its recognition as a formal science in the 1800s to its rise as an academic discipline. Key milestones include the post-independence era, where economic challenges led to stress-related issues, prompting the founding of psychology training programs by Professor Slamet Iman Santoso. Psychology became a separate faculty at Universitas Indonesia in the 1960s, and later, other universities followed suit. The video also traces the evolution of regulations for psychologists, from basic training to professional certifications, with recent reforms simplifying the path to practice. The video provides a comprehensive overview of the field’s growth and institutional changes in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 Psychology became an official science in the 1800s, with the history of its development in Indonesia closely tied to the country's struggle for independence.
• 😀 After Indonesia gained independence, the country faced challenges like military aggression from the Dutch and a lack of resources, which affected the nation's economy and workforce.
• 😀 The nationalization of Dutch-owned companies led to a shift in the workforce, with many positions now held by Indonesians who lacked formal management training.
• 😀 This lack of management knowledge caused stress-related disorders among employees, often manifesting physically as psychosomatic illnesses like headaches and fatigue.
• 😀 Prof. Slamet Iman Santoso, a prominent figure in Indonesian psychology, helped address these issues by establishing training courses for individuals interested in psychology and psychiatric work.
• 😀 In the 1950s, the Indonesian government sent people to study psychology in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and Germany, which led to the establishment of psychology departments in Indonesia.
• 😀 By the 1960s, psychology became an independent faculty at the University of Indonesia, marking a significant milestone in the formalization of psychology education in the country.
• 😀 Other universities, such as Gadjah Mada and Airlangga, followed suit, creating their own psychology faculties to meet the growing demand for psychology education and professionals.
• 😀 Initially, psychology graduates could practice as psychologists after earning a degree, but regulations later required additional professional training before they could start their practice.
• 😀 In 2008, the regulations changed again, requiring aspiring psychologists to complete a master's degree before practicing, and in 2020, laws were amended to allow professionals to practice after completing a specialized training program, similar to fields like pharmacy.

Q & A

When did psychology officially become recognized as a science?

Psychology became recognized as a science in the 1800s, though the full history and development of psychology is discussed in earlier parts of the transcript.

How did the situation in Indonesia impact the development of psychology?

During Indonesia's independence, there was a shift in focus towards military needs and economic recovery, which led to the nationalization of Dutch-owned companies. This created a need for expertise in management, which contributed to the rise of psychological challenges, including stress and psychosomatic disorders among employees. This situation led to the development of psychology as a field in Indonesia.

Who was Iman Santoso, and how did he contribute to psychology in Indonesia?

Iman Santoso was a prominent figure in the development of psychology in Indonesia. In 1952, he became a professor at the University of Indonesia and helped establish courses in psychology. He noticed the psychological issues faced by employees of nationalized companies and helped train individuals to assist in managing these problems. He also became the first dean of the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Indonesia.

What were psychosomatic disorders, and how did they relate to the development of psychology in Indonesia?

Psychosomatic disorders are physical symptoms caused by psychological stress, such as stomach pain, headaches, and sleep problems. These disorders became prominent among employees of nationalized companies in Indonesia due to the lack of managerial expertise, leading to an increased need for psychological services and training.

How did the Indonesian government support the development of psychology?

In the 1950s, the Indonesian government sent individuals to study psychology in the Netherlands and Germany. After returning, these individuals contributed to the establishment of psychological departments within the Indonesian military and universities, which helped psychology grow as a formal discipline.

When did psychology become a separate faculty at the University of Indonesia?

Psychology became a separate faculty at the University of Indonesia in 1960. Before that, it was part of the medical faculty.

What role did universities like Universitas Gadjah Mada and Universitas Airlangga play in psychology's development?

Universitas Gadjah Mada and Universitas Airlangga were among the institutions that helped expand the study of psychology in Indonesia by establishing their own psychology faculties, further solidifying the academic foundation of psychology in the country.

How did the regulations for practicing psychology change over time in Indonesia?

Initially, psychology graduates could practice without further certification. However, regulations changed, requiring psychology graduates to complete professional training before becoming licensed psychologists. In 2008, the regulations were updated, requiring a Master's degree for those wanting to become licensed psychologists, but in 2020, a new law allowed individuals to become psychologists after completing professional training, bypassing the need for a Master's degree.

What is the current status of psychology education and practice in Indonesia?

Currently, psychology education in Indonesia involves a professional training program after completing a Bachelor's degree. The field has continued to evolve, with psychology departments at various universities, and the profession is growing, including specialized fields like transpersonal psychology and indigenous psychology.

What is the significance of the 2020 law regarding psychology education in Indonesia?

The 2020 law simplified the path to becoming a licensed psychologist in Indonesia by eliminating the requirement for a Master's degree. Instead, individuals can complete professional training after a Bachelor's degree to practice psychology, which aligns with practices in other professions like pharmacy.