Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin : Materi Sekolah dan SIMAK UI | Part 3

Summary

This video lesson, led by tutor Kak Andi, explores two significant events in Indonesia's foreign policy during the Guided Democracy era: the efforts to reclaim West Irian from Dutch control and the confrontation with Malaysia. It details Indonesia's diplomatic attempts and military actions, including the Trikora and Mandala operations, leading to the New York Agreement for West Irian's transfer to Indonesia. Additionally, it discusses Indonesia's opposition to the formation of Malaysia, highlighting the implications of the Dwi Komando Rakyat policy. The lesson provides an insightful look into Indonesia's political strategies and international relations during this pivotal time.

Takeaways

• 🇮🇩 The Guided Democracy era in Indonesia focused on reclaiming Irian Barat and confronting Malaysia.
• 📝 After the Round Table Conference in 1949, discussions about Irian Barat were to occur by 1950, but negotiations stalled.
• 🔍 Indonesia's diplomatic efforts to reclaim Irian Barat included sending parliamentary missions and engaging in discussions with the Netherlands.
• ❌ Failed negotiations led to Indonesia's nationalization of Dutch companies in 1957 as a response to the Netherlands' refusal to return Irian Barat.
• ⚔️ In 1961, Indonesia launched the Trikora campaign, emphasizing the urgency to reclaim Irian Barat through military action.
• 🌍 The United Nations intervened, facilitating negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands leading to the New York Agreement.
• 📅 The New York Agreement resulted in a transition of power from the Netherlands to the UN, and ultimately to Indonesia by 1963.
• 📜 The process of determining Irian Barat's status culminated in the Pepera referendum held in 1969.
• 🇲🇾 The confrontation with Malaysia was viewed as a fight against neocolonialism, sparked by Malaysia's formation in 1963.
• 🤝 Relations between Indonesia and Malaysia normalized in 1966 through the Jakarta Accord, following heightened tensions.

Q & A

What was the primary goal of Indonesia during the Guided Democracy era regarding Irian Barat?

The primary goal was to reclaim Irian Barat from Dutch control, which Indonesia sought through diplomatic and military efforts.

What were the significant diplomatic efforts made by Indonesia to negotiate Irian Barat's status?

Significant efforts included bilateral negotiations in 1950, attempts to bring the issue to the UN in 1954, and seeking support from other Asian nations during the 1955 Asia-Africa Conference.

What was the Trikora and why was it declared?

Trikora, or the Tri Command of the People, was declared by President Sukarno on December 19, 1961, as a strategy to reclaim Irian Barat, emphasizing the need to prevent the formation of a Dutch puppet state and to prepare for military mobilization.

What military operation did Indonesia undertake to reclaim Irian Barat?

The military operation was called 'Mandala,' which involved infiltrating and attacking Dutch positions in Irian Barat.

What role did the United States play in the resolution of the Irian Barat issue?

The United States facilitated negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands, leading to the New York Agreement, which established a transition of power from the Dutch to Indonesia via the UN.

What was the significance of the New York Agreement?

The New York Agreement was significant as it allowed for the transfer of Irian Barat to Indonesia after a UN-administered transition, culminating in a popular vote in 1969.

What sparked the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia?

The confrontation was sparked by the formation of Malaysia in 1963, which Indonesia viewed as a neocolonial endeavor backed by Western powers.

What was the purpose of the Dwikora declaration made by Indonesia?

Dwikora, or the Dual Command of the People, was intended to strengthen Indonesia's revolutionary resistance against the Malaysian Federation and to support the local populations in North Borneo.

How did Indonesia's withdrawal from the UN in 1965 relate to its conflict with Malaysia?

Indonesia's withdrawal from the UN in January 1965 was a response to Malaysia being recognized as a non-permanent member of the Security Council, which angered President Sukarno and marked a peak in tensions.

What led to the normalization of relations between Indonesia and Malaysia?

Relations normalized following the Jakarta Accord in August 1966, which occurred after Sukarno's presidency and during the New Order regime, reflecting a shift in Indonesia's foreign policy.