MASA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN - SEJARAH - MATERI UTBK SBMPTN DAN SIMAK UI - Part.2

Edcent Id

6 May 202216:02

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses Indonesia's political and economic policies during the 'Guided Democracy' era, led by President Soekarno. It covers foreign policies such as the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961, the Trikora policy to reclaim West Papua from the Dutch, and the Confrontation with Malaysia over the formation of the Malaysian Federation. Economic policies include the implementation of two rounds of currency devaluation (Sanering) in 1959 and 1965 to combat inflation, the formation of the Economic Council (Dekon), the National Development Planning Agency, and the establishment of a single state bank (Bank Tunggal). Additionally, the 'Mercusuar' policy, which involved constructing grand buildings like Sarinah, Monas, and Gelora Bung Karno, is highlighted as a symbol of national pride, despite the need for foreign aid to finance these projects.

Takeaways

😀 The video discusses the political and economic policies during Indonesia's 'Guided Democracy' era.
🌍 One of the key foreign policies was Indonesia's involvement in establishing the Non-Aligned Movement (GNB) in 1961.
🏛️ The Trikora policy was introduced by President Soekarno to reclaim West Irian from Dutch control.
💵 Economic policies included the implementation of 'Sanering', which was a currency devaluation strategy to combat high inflation.
🏦 The formation of 'Dekon' or the Economic Council and the National Development Planning Agency were part of the economic strategies.
🏢 The 'Bank Tunggal' was established, merging Bank Indonesia with other state-owned banks to streamline financial operations.
🏗️ The 'Mercusuar' policy involved the construction of grand buildings and infrastructure to project Indonesia's national image.
🏙️ Notable projects under the Mercusuar policy included the Sarinah building, Monas, Dirgantara statue, and Gelora Bung Karno sports complex.
📺 TVRI was established to broadcast the Asian Games held in Indonesia in 1962, showcasing the country's capability to host international events.
📚 The video serves as an educational resource, providing insights into Indonesia's historical political and economic landscape.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?
-The main topic discussed in the video script is the policies during the Guided Democracy era in Indonesia, focusing on foreign and economic policies.
Which organization did Indonesia help establish during the Guided Democracy era?
-Indonesia helped establish the Non-Aligned Movement, also known as the Non-Bloc movement.
In what year was the Non-Aligned Movement founded, and in which city was it established?
-The Non-Aligned Movement was founded in September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Which countries were the pioneers in the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement?
-The pioneers of the Non-Aligned Movement were Indonesia, Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, and Ghana.
What was the Trikora, and how was it related to the foreign policy during the Guided Democracy era?
-Trikora, or the Tri Command of the People's Command, was an effort by the Indonesian government to reclaim West Irian from the Dutch during the Guided Democracy era.
What was the political stance of Indonesia during the Cold War, as reflected in the video script?
-Indonesia took a neutral stance during the Cold War, not aligning with either the Western Bloc or the Eastern Bloc, as demonstrated by its involvement in the Non-Aligned Movement.
What was the Konfrontasi, and how did it relate to Indonesia's foreign policy during the Guided Democracy era?
-The Konfrontasi was a conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia from 1963 to 1966, stemming from Indonesia's opposition to the formation of Malaysia, which was seen as a form of neocolonialism and imperialism.
What economic policies were implemented during the Guided Democracy era in Indonesia?
-Economic policies during the Guided Democracy era included the implementation of the Sanering policy, the establishment of the Economic Council (DEKON), the formation of the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), and the creation of the Central Bank (Bank Tunggal).
What is the Sanering policy, and why was it implemented?
-The Sanering policy involved devaluing the Indonesian currency to combat high inflation. It was implemented twice during the Guided Democracy era, once in 1959 and again in 1965.
What is the 'politik mercusuar' mentioned in the script, and what were some of its notable projects?
-Politik mercusuar refers to the policy of building grand infrastructure projects to showcase Indonesia's greatness during the Guided Democracy era. Notable projects include the Sarinah building, the National Monument (Monas), the Dirgantara statue, and the Gelora Bung Karno sports complex.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 International Politics during Guided Democracy

This paragraph discusses the foreign policies implemented during Indonesia's guided democracy era, focusing on Indonesia's involvement in establishing the Non-Aligned Movement (GNB) in September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The movement was a response to the political tensions of the time, particularly the Cuban Missile Crisis and the fear of a third world war between the US and the USSR. Indonesia, along with other Asian, African, and European countries, declared itself politically neutral, not siding with either the Western or Eastern bloc. The paragraph also highlights the involvement of key figures from Indonesia, Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, and Ghana in the formation of the GNB, representing their respective countries.

05:00

🏛️ Trikora and Confrontation with Malaysia

The second paragraph delves into Indonesia's efforts to reclaim West Papua from the Netherlands, which was not handed over despite the 1950 Round Table Conference agreement. It details the Trikora policy, a series of steps announced by President Soekarno on December 19, 1961, aimed at reclaiming West Papua. The paragraph also covers the confrontation with Malaysia from 1963 to 1966, which arose due to the formation of the Malaysian Federation by the British, integrating Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Singapore. Indonesia viewed this as neocolonialism and imperialism, leading to President Soekarno's opposition and the subsequent confrontation.

10:01

💹 Economic Policies during Guided Democracy

This paragraph outlines the economic policies of the guided democracy era, including the implementation of the Sanering policy, which involved devaluing the Indonesian currency to combat high inflation. The first Sanering occurred in 1959, with a second in 1965, where the rupiah's value was significantly reduced. The paragraph also discusses the establishment of the Economic Council (DEKON), the National Development Planning Agency, and the formation of Bank Tunggal, which was a merger of Bank Indonesia with several state-owned commercial banks. Additionally, it touches on the 'mercusuar' policy, characterized by the construction of large and grand buildings to showcase Indonesia's greatness, such as Sarinah, Monas, Dirgantara statue, and Gelora Bung Karno sports complex.

15:02

📚 Conclusion of Guided Democracy Era Policies

The final paragraph summarizes the discussion on the foreign and economic policies of Indonesia's guided democracy era, emphasizing the significance of these policies in shaping the nation's history. It invites viewers to look forward to the next educational video and encourages them to stay updated by activating notifications and visiting exam.id for more learning materials.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Demokrasi Terpimpin

Demokrasi Terpimpin (Guided Democracy) refers to the political system implemented in Indonesia from 1959 to 1965 under President Sukarno's rule. This period was characterized by centralized power and the president’s dominance in both domestic and foreign policy. In the video, the concept is central to the discussion, covering both domestic reforms like the establishment of the MPRS and DPAS, and international strategies like Indonesia's role in the Non-Aligned Movement.

💡Gerakan Non-Blok

The Non-Aligned Movement (Gerakan Non-Blok) was a group of states that did not formally align with any major power blocs during the Cold War. Indonesia, along with Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, and Ghana, was a founding member. The video highlights this as a key foreign policy initiative during Demokrasi Terpimpin, aimed at maintaining Indonesia’s neutrality in the face of rising tensions between the US and the Soviet Union.

💡Trikora

Trikora, or Tri Komando Rakyat, was a political and military campaign initiated by President Sukarno to reclaim West Irian (now Papua) from Dutch control. It was announced in Yogyakarta in 1961 as part of Indonesia’s effort to end Dutch colonial influence in the region. In the video, Trikora is presented as an important part of Indonesia's foreign policy under Sukarno.

💡Konfrontasi Malaysia

Konfrontasi Malaysia refers to the conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia from 1963 to 1966, driven by Indonesia’s opposition to the formation of the Federation of Malaysia, which it viewed as a form of British neo-colonialism. The video explains this confrontation as a key foreign policy issue during Sukarno’s Demokrasi Terpimpin, with significant regional implications.

💡Sanering

Sanering refers to the currency devaluation policies implemented by the Indonesian government in 1959 and 1965 to combat hyperinflation. During Demokrasi Terpimpin, the government reduced the nominal value of the currency and froze high-value savings to limit money circulation. The video discusses this as part of the broader economic challenges Indonesia faced at the time.

💡Politik Mercusuar

Politik Mercusuar, or Lighthouse Policy, was Sukarno's ambitious plan to build grand infrastructure projects to showcase Indonesia’s greatness, despite limited economic resources. Examples mentioned in the video include the construction of landmarks like Monas, Sarinah Mall, and the Gelora Bung Karno sports complex. This policy was controversial due to Indonesia’s reliance on foreign aid to fund these projects.

💡MPRS dan DPAS

MPRS (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara) and DPAS (Dewan Pertimbangan Agung Sementara) were advisory and legislative bodies established during Demokrasi Terpimpin to support Sukarno’s governance. These institutions replaced earlier parliamentary structures, reflecting the centralization of power under Sukarno. The video highlights their creation as part of the political reorganization during this period.

💡Bank Tunggal

Bank Tunggal was a proposed merger of various state-owned banks, including Bank Indonesia, during Demokrasi Terpimpin. The goal was to centralize control over the banking system as part of Sukarno’s economic policy. The video mentions this as one of several economic measures aimed at stabilizing the economy, though it faced significant challenges.

💡Dekon

Dekon, short for Deklarasi Ekonomi, was an economic policy initiative designed to address Indonesia's economic problems during Demokrasi Terpimpin. It involved the creation of the National Development Planning Agency (Badan Perancang Pembangunan Nasional) to oversee long-term economic planning. The video references Dekon as part of the government’s attempt to restructure the economy amid high inflation and financial difficulties.

💡Konferensi Meja Bundar

The Konferensi Meja Bundar (Round Table Conference) was an agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands in 1949 that led to the transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia, with the exception of West Irian (Papua). The video explains that during Demokrasi Terpimpin, Indonesia aimed to renegotiate the status of West Irian, leading to the Trikora campaign.

Highlights

Discussion of domestic political policies during the Guided Democracy era, including the establishment of MPRS and DPAS.

Formation of the Working Cabinet and the Dwikora Cabinet.

Dissolution of Masyumi and PSII parties due to their involvement in the PRRI-Permesta rebellion.

The replacement of the 1955 election's DPR with a consensus DPR.

Indonesia's participation in founding the Non-Aligned Movement (GNB) in Belgrade, 1961.

Indonesia's stance as a neutral country not aligning with any political bloc during the Cold War.

Leaders involved in the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement, including Presidents Soekarno, Tito, Nehru, Nasser, and Nkrumah.

Introduction of Trikora, a policy aimed at reclaiming West Irian from the Netherlands.

Background of the Trikora policy, including the Round Table Conference and the unresolved West Irian issue.

Efforts by the Indonesian government to peacefully reclaim West Irian through bilateral negotiations and international support.

President Soekarno's declaration of Confrontation with Malaysia due to the formation of the Malaysian Federation, viewed as neocolonialism.

The economic policy of 'Sanering', which involved devaluing the Indonesian Rupiah to combat high inflation.

Establishment of the Economic Council (DEKON) and the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS).

Formation of the 'Bank Tunggal', a consolidation of Bank Indonesia with several state-owned banks.

The 'Mercusuar' policy, characterized by the construction of grand buildings to showcase Indonesia's greatness.

Construction of significant buildings under the Mercusuar policy, including Sarinah, Monas, and Gelora Bung Karno sports complex.

Establishment of TVRI to broadcast the 1962 Asian Games in Indonesia.