Konfrontasi Indonesia Malaysia - Ganyang Malaysia | Sejarah Indonesia

Summary

This video delves into the historical confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia, ignited by Malaysia's proposed federation in 1961, perceived by Indonesia as a neo-colonial threat. The Philippines also contested the federation due to its claim over Sabah. Efforts for diplomacy through the Maphilindo conference were ineffective, leading to Indonesia's withdrawal from diplomatic relations. President Sukarno's aggressive 'Dwikora' policy escalated tensions until the conflict was eventually resolved during President Suharto's era with the Bangkok Declaration in 1966. The video captures the complexities of regional nationalism and the shift from confrontation to diplomacy.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation began on May 27, 1961, with the proposal for the Malaysia Federation, which included Malaysia, Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah.
• 🛑 Indonesia viewed the federation as a neocolonial project by Britain that threatened its revolutionary efforts.
• 🇵🇭 The Philippines opposed the federation due to historical claims over Sabah, asserting it belonged to the Sultanate of Sulu.
• 🤝 The Maphilindo Conference, held from July 31 to August 5, 1963, aimed to resolve tensions between Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
• 📜 The conference produced three important documents outlining the conditions for the federation's formation, emphasizing the need for local consent.
• 🔍 A UN investigative team led by Lawrence Michael Moore was established to gauge the local population's wishes regarding the federation.
• 🚨 The Malaysia Federation was proclaimed on September 16, 1965, despite ongoing investigations and protests from Indonesia.
• ✂️ Indonesia severed diplomatic ties with Malaysia on September 17, 1963, followed by the suspension of economic relations on September 21, 1963.
• 🌐 The conflict drew international attention, with countries like the US, Japan, and Thailand attempting mediation, though with limited success.
• 👨‍✈️ President Soekarno initiated the Dwikora command on May 3, 1964, promoting resistance against the federation and emphasizing support for the people of Malaysia and Brunei.

Q & A

What event initiated the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia?

The confrontation began on May 27, 1961, when Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman proposed the formation of the Federation of Malaysia.

Why did Indonesia oppose the formation of the Federation of Malaysia?

Indonesia viewed the formation of the Federation of Malaysia as a neocolonial project by the British, which could threaten Indonesia's revolutionary goals.

What role did the Philippines play in the conflict?

The Philippines opposed the federation as well, particularly because they claimed historical rights over Sabah, which they believed belonged to the Sultanate of Sulu.

What was the purpose of the Maphilindo Conference?

The Maphilindo Conference aimed to resolve tensions among Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines and resulted in agreements about the need for a plebiscite regarding the formation of the Federation of Malaysia.

What were the three key documents produced at the Maphilindo Conference?

The three key documents were the Manila Declaration, the Manila Agreement, and a joint communiqué, which outlined the conditions for the federation's formation.

What was the outcome of the investigative team's mission led by Lawrence Michael Moore?

The team began its mission on September 14, 1963, but did not complete its work before Malaysia was proclaimed a federation on September 16, 1963.

What actions did Indonesia take after the proclamation of the Federation of Malaysia?

Indonesia severed diplomatic ties with Malaysia on September 17, 1963, and also stopped economic relations with Malaysia, Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah on September 21, 1963.

How did international nations react to the Indonesia-Malaysia conflict?

Countries like the United States, Japan, and Thailand expressed concern and attempted to mediate the conflict through trilateral forums.

What was the significance of President Sukarno's Dwi Komando Rakyat announcement?

Sukarno's announcement on May 3, 1964, emphasized Indonesia's commitment to oppose the 'puppet state' of Malaysia and was the beginning of the military confrontation known as 'Ganyang Malaysia.'

How was the conflict eventually resolved?

The conflict was resolved during the New Order era under President Suharto through the Bangkok Declaration signed between Indonesia and Malaysia from May 29 to June 1, 1966.