American Pageant Chapter 13 Review APUSH (Period 4, Topic 4.8)

Summary

This video covers key political events in U.S. history from 1824 to 1840, including the controversial 1824 election, the rise of Andrew Jackson, and his presidency's major events. It discusses Jackson's role in the 'corrupt bargain,' his support for the 'common man,' the spoil system, the Nullification Crisis, Indian Removal, and the destruction of the Second Bank. The video also touches on the formation of new political parties and the Texas Revolution, concluding with the election and short-lived presidency of William Henry Harrison in 1840.

Takeaways

• 🗳️ The 1824 election marked the end of the Era of Good Feelings, with Andrew Jackson winning the popular vote but not securing enough electoral votes.
• 🏛️ The House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as president after Henry Clay supported him, leading to the 'corrupt bargain' accusation.
• ⚖️ Adams' presidency faced challenges, including accusations of corruption and lack of majority support, which led to the split of the Democratic-Republicans.
• 🌍 The 1828 election saw Andrew Jackson win, symbolizing the rise of the common man and a shift towards universal white male suffrage.
• 🗡️ The Nullification Crisis emerged when South Carolina threatened to secede over tariffs, leading Jackson to defend the Union with the Force Bill and a compromise tariff.
• 🌾 Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes, including the tragic Trail of Tears for the Cherokee.
• 💰 Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank of the U.S. and withdrew federal funds, contributing to the Panic of 1837.
• 🎉 The Democratic Party emerged supporting small government, while the Whigs formed opposing Jackson, favoring strong central government and moral reforms.
• 🇲🇽 Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836, causing tensions with Mexico and debates in the U.S. over admitting Texas as a slave state.
• 🏠 William Henry Harrison became the first Whig president in 1840, running a 'log cabin' campaign but died 32 days into office.

Q & A

What marked the end of the Era of Good Feelings?

The 1824 election marked the end of the Era of Good Feelings as multiple Republican candidates competed for the presidency, leading to a split in the party.

Why did the 1824 election go to the House of Representatives?

Although Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and had the most electoral votes, he did not secure a majority of the electoral votes, so the election was decided by the House of Representatives as per the 12th Amendment.

What was the 'Corrupt Bargain' in the 1824 election?

The 'Corrupt Bargain' refers to the deal where Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, supported John Quincy Adams in the House vote, and in return, Adams appointed Clay as Secretary of State. Jackson’s supporters saw this as corrupt.

What was significant about Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828?

Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 was significant because he was the first president from the West and represented the 'Common Man,' benefiting from expanded suffrage as states eliminated property requirements for voting.

How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency symbolize political change?

Jackson's presidency symbolized political change by moving from the caucus system, where a small group selected candidates, to party conventions, which allowed broader participation in candidate selection, reflecting increased democratization.

What was the Nullification Crisis, and how was it resolved?

The Nullification Crisis arose when South Carolina refused to enforce federal tariffs and threatened secession. It was resolved by Jackson’s Force Bill and the Compromise Tariff of 1833, which lowered tariff rates and averted conflict.

What was Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal policy, and what were its effects?

Jackson’s Indian Removal policy, enforced by the Indian Removal Act of 1830, aimed to relocate Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi. It led to the forced removal of thousands, culminating in the Trail of Tears, where many Cherokee died.

What happened to the Second Bank of the United States during Jackson’s presidency?

Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832 and later withdrew federal funds, placing them in 'pet banks.' This destabilized the economy and contributed to the Panic of 1837.

How did Texas declare its independence from Mexico in 1836?

Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1836 after Mexico imposed restrictions on immigration and outlawed slavery. Tensions escalated, and Texas, led by figures like Sam Houston, fought for and gained its independence after key battles like the Alamo.

What was the significance of the 1840 presidential election?

The 1840 presidential election saw the first Whig president, William Henry Harrison, elected. His campaign, known for the 'Log Cabin and Hard Cider' appeal, aimed to present him as a man of the people. However, Harrison died just 32 days into his term, the shortest presidency in U.S. history.