Connectionism
Summary
TLDRThe script delves into Edward Thorndike's connectionism, a behavioral learning theory emphasizing the role of associations in learning. It outlines Thorndike's laws of learning: exercise, effect, readiness, primacy, intensity, and recency. The laws are explored through the context of education, highlighting how they influence student engagement and retention. The discussion also touches on the importance of motivation and the impact of rewarding or punishing experiences on learning.
Takeaways
- 🧠 Connectionism is a learning theory developed by Edward Thorndike, focusing on the formation of associations between sensory experiences and responses.
- 🔗 Thorndike's theory suggests that learning occurs through the strengthening of connections between stimuli and responses.
- 📚 The Law of Exercise states that frequent repetition of a response to a stimulus strengthens the connection between them.
- 🔄 The Law of Disuse indicates that if a response to a stimulus is not repeated, the connection weakens over time.
- 🏅 The Law of Effect posits that responses followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated, thus strengthening the stimulus-response connection.
- 😕 Conversely, responses followed by annoying outcomes are less likely to be repeated, weakening the connection.
- 🎓 The Law of Readiness asserts that learners are more likely to engage in learning activities they find rewarding and avoid those they find punishing.
- 📈 Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes demonstrated learning through trial and error, rather than insight.
- 📉 The Law of Primacy highlights that the first learned associations have the strongest impact and are the most difficult to change.
- 🔥 The Law of Intensity suggests that learning experiences that are emotionally intense or dramatic are more likely to be remembered.
- 📅 The Law of Recency indicates that more recently learned information is less likely to be forgotten compared to older information.
Q & A
What is connectionism in the context of behavioral learning theories?
-Connectionism is a behavioral learning theory proposed by Edward Thorndike, which suggests that learning occurs through the formation of associations or connections between sensory experiences and neutral impulses.
Who are the key figures in behavioral learning theories mentioned in the script?
-The key figures mentioned are Edward Thorndike, Lev Vygotsky, George Miller, and Ivan Pavlov.
What are the three laws of learning under connectionism?
-The three laws of learning under connectionism are the law of exercise, the law of effect, and the law of readiness.
What does the law of exercise suggest about learning?
-The law of exercise indicates that associations between stimuli and responses are strengthened through frequent repetition and exercise.
How does the law of disuse relate to learning?
-The law of disuse states that when a response is not made to a stimulus, the connection's strength weakens, leading to potential forgetting of the learned behavior.
What did Thorndike revise in the law of exercise, and why?
-Thorndike revised the law of exercise to include the necessity of a reward or satisfaction following practice, stating that constant practice must be accompanied by motivation for the learner.
Can you explain the law of effect in connectionism?
-The law of effect posits that if a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the stimulus-response connection is strengthened. Conversely, if a response is followed by an annoying state, the connection is weakened.
What is the law of readiness, and how does it apply to learning?
-The law of readiness suggests that individuals are prepared to act in ways that are rewarding and avoid actions that are punishing. In a learning context, students are more likely to engage in behaviors that foster learning when they are ready and find the activity rewarding.
What is the law of primacy, and how does it impact learning?
-The law of primacy states that the first thing learned has the strongest stimulus-response bond and is almost inerasable, making it more difficult to learn the same concept or skill again if the initial learning was incorrect.
How does the law of intensity contribute to learning?
-The law of intensity implies that learning is more likely to be retained when students are exposed to real-world applications of skills and concepts that evoke strong emotions or are dramatic in nature.
What does the law of recency state about learning?
-The law of recency suggests that concepts or skills most recently learned are least likely to be forgotten, emphasizing the importance of复习 recent learning experiences.
How did Thorndike's experiments with cats contribute to his understanding of learning?
-Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes demonstrated that learning occurred through trial and error rather than insight. He observed that successful behaviors were initially performed by chance and were then reinforced through repetition, leading to the development of his law of effect.
Outlines
🧠 Connectionism and Learning Theories
The paragraph introduces behavioral learning theories, specifically connectionism, which was developed by Edward Thorndike. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the contributions of various theorists to the field of education. Thorndike's focus was on the formation of associations between sensory experiences and neutral impulses as the primary type of learning. The paragraph outlines the laws of learning under connectionism, including the law of exercise, law of effect, and law of readiness. It also explains the concept of drills and repetition as vital for learning and retention, and how the strength of connections between stimuli and responses can be affected by the law of use and disuse.
🎼 The Revised Law of Exercise and Law of Effect
This section discusses the revision of the law of exercise by Thorndike, highlighting the importance of motivation and rewards in learning. It suggests that constant practice should be accompanied by some form of reward or satisfaction to be effective. The law of effect is then detailed, explaining how satisfying consequences strengthen the stimulus-response connection, while annoying ones weaken it. The paragraph uses the example of a pianist practicing for a medal to illustrate the concept. It also mentions Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, demonstrating learning through trial and error rather than insight.
🔄 Law of Readiness and Its Application
The paragraph explains the law of readiness, which states that individuals are prepared to act in ways that are rewarding and avoid actions that are punishing. It uses classroom scenarios to illustrate how readiness can affect learning, with students being more likely to engage when they find the task rewarding. Conversely, if students are not ready or do not know how to respond, the attempt to learn can be punishing. The law of readiness is contrasted with the law of effect to show how they influence learning behaviors.
📚 Additional Learning Laws and Their Impact
This section covers additional laws of learning, including the law of primacy, which states that the first thing learned has the strongest stimulus-response bond and is almost unerasable. It discusses the importance of correcting misconceptions early to prevent habit formation. The law of intensity is also mentioned, suggesting that experiences that are exciting and emotionally charged are more likely to be remembered. Lastly, the law of recency is introduced, indicating that concepts or skills learned most recently are least likely to be forgotten.
📈 Metacognition and Learner-Centered Principles
The final paragraph focuses on metacognition and learner-centered psychological principles. It emphasizes the role of teachers in facilitating learning by providing clear connections between current and previous learning experiences. The paragraph concludes with a prompt for the audience to reflect on the applicability of these laws in the classroom and to differentiate between the laws of primacy, recency, effect, and readiness. It also encourages participants to reflect on their learning and engage in discussions through a group chat if they have questions or clarifications.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Connectionism
💡Edward Thorndike
💡Law of Exercise
💡Law of Effect
💡Law of Readiness
💡Law of Use
💡Law of Disuse
💡Puzzle Boxes
💡Satisfiers and Annoyers
💡Law of Primacy
💡Law of Recency
Highlights
Connectionism is a behavioral learning theory by Edward Thorndike.
Thorndike focused on education and believed in forming associations between sensory experiences and neutral impulses.
Connectionism involves different laws of learning: law of exercise, law of effect, and law of readiness.
Law of exercise states that drills are vital to acquire and sustain learning.
Law of disuse suggests that connections weaken when a response is not made to a stimulus.
Thorndike revised the law of exercise to include the necessity of rewards for effective learning.
Law of effect emphasizes that satisfying results strengthen stimulus-response connections.
Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes demonstrated learning through trial and error.
Law of readiness indicates that learners are prepared to act in rewarding situations and not in punishing ones.
Law of primacy suggests that the first thing learned has the strongest stimulus-response bond.
Law of intensity states that experiences with high emotional content are more likely to be remembered.
Law of recency indicates that most recently learned concepts or skills are least forgotten.
Teachers should facilitate learning by providing clear connections between current and previous learning experiences.
Students learn better when they are ready and the learning experience is rewarding.
Misconcepts should be corrected early to prevent habit formation.
The law of effect is crucial for understanding how behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences.
The lecture concludes with a reminder to check the module and engage in reflective activities related to the laws of learning.
Transcripts
and let's resume on the second topic
under behavioral learning theories
connectionism
okay now connectionism
is by Edward Thorndike please be guided
and do not be confused huh so cognitive
development theories
we also have social cultural by Levi
gotsky information processing Theory by
George Miller then we have classical
conditioning by Ivan Pavlov and
connectionism by Edward Thorndike please
do familiarize these persons who had
contributed a lot
in education please okay now Edward
thornback is one of the few
psychologists who focused on education
thornback believed that forming
associations or connections between
sensory experiences and neutral impulses
results in the prime type of learning so
the own found that young connectionism
associations okay to what to censor
experiences and impulses results to
learning now under connectionism we have
the different laws of learning initially
we have three
actually there are additional phrase is
the law of exercise the law of effect
and love Readiness connectionism
sabipani Edward thorndek there must be a
connection sensory
areas and imposes dorsa
um learning
there should be Association and
connection first law of exercise now
drills are vital to acquire and sustain
learning now drill images repetition
there is a repetition of the master for
the Mastery of a concept
no or a skill depending on
okay then it is divided into two parts
love exercise our repetition
between stimuli and responses are
strengthened through being exercised
frequently
of exercise
the frequent recurring of the response
connection so we have here
law of disuse
when a response is not made to stimulus
the connection's strength is weekend
then
foreign okay so learner usually learn
faster when they often apply often but
the last name apply young skill or that
is what you call the law of use
okay and then to forget
when such a response does not recur over
sometimes
then that is what you call law of this
use so we have here an example so is
peace
because of constant practice no the
exercise Is frequent but
effort and time to practice and to
exercise playing piano then more likely
performance
once the behavior is not repeated it
could be forgotten
law of use and law of deceives
okay now
okay next
now for like later revised the law of
exercise why
he confessed that simply practice Lang
rather
practicing
with constant constant practice Union
constant practice must be followed by
some reward or satisfaction
okay
to the Learner in short the pupil must
be motivated to learn
practice but rather there should be a
reward presented
practice exercises for example your main
goal non-pianist
no is to win or to have a medal
s
piano so more likely
practice practice
medal which will serve as a reward for
him
is
so more likely much better now according
to revised the statement me Thorndike
the much better reward
next is law of effect emphasizes that if
a response is followed by a satisfying
State of Affairs the stimulus response
or the SR connection is strengthened
now if a response is followed by an
annoying State of Affairs the stimulus
response or the SR connection is we can
satisfiers and annoyers are critical to
learning say for example
foreign
[Music]
stimulus
more likely there will be a repetition
of the participation
behavior of reciting will be
strengthened
satisfying appreciation
must strengthen your behavior more
continuous
[Music]
appreciate me teacher so that is what
you call annoying
foreign
but we can Behavior site
so that is love effects
satisfiers and annoyers are crucial to
learning
law of effect
okay Behavior now or your response is
[Music]
so more likely
that is love effect next
let's watch this video first
[Music]
but how is a new
question which began to Fascinate
Thorndike to answer it he built some
ingenious puzzle boxes for which Cats
Could Only Escape by operating latches
and then you go
the cat appears to be very clever in
engineering its Escape solving the
problem with a deftly placed paw and a
push of its nose
[Music]
but Thorndike didn't believe that an
animal even a clever cat understands the
consequences of Its Behavior
when he placed a cat in the puzzle box
for the first time Thorndike was unable
to see any evidence of flashes of
insight
the successful actions appeared first by
chance
he proved that the apparent cleverness
arose by trial and error and use graphs
to measure the rate of learning
[Music]
a well-practiced cat quickly recalls the
actions that help it escape to its
reward of food
[Music]
beautiful
if an action brings a reward thought I
believe that that action becomes stacked
into the mind
in his thesis he explained further his
ideas about learning that behavior
changes because of its consequences
he call this his law of effect
which explained how even wild creatures
develop new habits
okay isn't that nice
experiments
okay
you first cage
no especially
I know metal satisfyiers
box which is your food right then the
following times
or what we call the satisfier so since
no the response is preceded with a
satisfying event more likely the
behavior is strengthened the behavior is
repeated black
foreign
find it annoying no you can response was
preceded with an annoying event so more
likely young Behavior
cage is weekend okay so that is what you
call law of effect
okay next law of Readiness everyone is
prepared to act to do is rewarding and
not to do is punishing so English
so more likely say for example
it's a classroom
no discussions
to answer a particular question then you
question
sagot
then
you find it rewarding
for you is rewarding bucket you are able
to answer the question so that is what
you call love Readiness
I prepared to do or to act
for you is rewarding
recitations
but since you are not ready and you do
not know to answer the question so for
you the event is punishing
no so more likely
when students are ready to learn a
particular react particular action then
the behaviors that Foster this learning
will be rewarding and meanwhile when
students are not ready to learn no or
not ready to response
attempting to learn is punishing so
burden some Paras
and even becomes a waste of
then
rewarding
ready no punishes
because you are not ready to learn
okay so that is a lot of Readiness and
we also have other loss of learning one
is love Primacy
the first thing learned has the
strongest stimulus response Bond and is
almost in erasable
is more likely nothing
a learning a concept or skill again is
more difficult than the first time one
has to learn it this explains why
teachers correct students
have misconception in a new lesson when
misconception is not corrected for the
first time that might lead to Habit
formation Okay so kayanga
foreign
okay
correct or what I mean is
changed
perception not and not unless it is
corrected
misconception among Learners
or else it will last long say for
example initially
giraffe is geography
Rafi
instead of geograph
regarding the first learned Concepts
next is
law of intensity
exciting okay dramatic you're more of
emotions no
exposing the students in real world
application of the skill and Concepts
makes them most likely to remember the
experience
senses
exciting mastermatic no with emotions
intensity no love intensity more likely
recall ha
so more likely
say for example computer
experience so that is what you call law
of intensity then law of recency the
concepts are skill most recently learned
are least forgotten
since that's a behavior learning series
um
40 like Learners centered psychological
principles
components
components of metacognition
love reasons
teachers should provide facilitate
learning by providing the Learners with
a Clear Connection
current or young recent The Learning
Experience a previous not learning
experience
least forgotten
okay and that ends
connectionism
by Edward Thorndike
so let us check your module
okay here again Rita read
the contents of your module
and for the activity again
you are to make a graphic organizer
then
you think the laws do you think the laws
are applicable inside the classroom
then you cite specific application each
law
then you differentiate love Primacy and
love reason see recency law of effect
and law of Readiness then of course for
Express you are to reflect on the
following questions and still
be guided with the learning rubric
provided okay and then again I just
wanted to remind you if you have
questions and clarifications you may
simply erase it through our group chat
okay
so thank you that's the end of
connectionism pero we still have to
discuss
three more behavioral learning theories
have a great day
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)