Teori Belajar Edward Lee Thorndike

Summary

In this video, Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia explains Edward Lee Thorndike's learning theory, which is based on the stimulus-response model. Thorndike, an American functionalist who developed the Russian version of behaviorism, proposed that learning occurs through trial and error. His theory includes three main laws: the Law of Exercise, stating that stimulus-response connections strengthen with use; the Law of Effect, suggesting that satisfying behaviors are repeated, while unsatisfying ones are not; and the Law of Readiness, which discusses an individual's preparedness to act and the resulting satisfaction or frustration. The video also covers how these laws apply to everyday life and education.

Takeaways

• 📚 Edward Lee Thorndike was a functionalist who shaped the Russian version of behaviorism in America.
• 🐾 Thorndike conducted research on animal behavior, including cats, dogs, and birds, reflecting the basic principles of learning.
• 🔗 The foundation of learning, according to Thorndike, is association where a stimulus elicits a specific response.
• 🔄 Thorndike's theory is known as the stimulus-response theory, emphasizing learning through trial and error.
• 🔄 Trial and error involves individuals trying out various behaviors to solve a problem.
• 🏋️‍♂️ The Law of Exercise states that the connection between stimulus and response strengthens with frequent use.
• 📉 The Law of Disuse indicates that the connection weakens if not practiced.
• 😃 The Law of Effect suggests that actions leading to satisfaction are likely to be repeated, while those causing dissatisfaction are not.
• 🎁 In education, the Law of Effect is applied through rewards and punishments to encourage or discourage behaviors.
• 💡 The Law of Readiness explains how an individual's readiness to act influences their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the action.
• 🚀 Thorndike's theory emphasizes that learning involves trial and error until the correct response is found.

Q & A

Who was Edward Lee Thorndike?

Edward Lee Thorndike was technically a functionalist who contributed to the development of American behaviorism. He lived and taught in Columbia until his retirement in 1940 and is known for his research on animal intelligence.

What is the main principle of Thorndike's theory of learning?

The main principle of Thorndike's theory of learning is the concept of 'stimulus-response.' This theory suggests that learning is based on associations, where a specific stimulus leads to a particular response.

What does the 'trial and error' method mean in Thorndike's theory?

In Thorndike's theory, the 'trial and error' method means that when someone is faced with a problem, they try out various behaviors or actions until they find the one that solves the problem. It emphasizes learning through repeated attempts and making mistakes.

What are the three main laws in Thorndike's theory?

The three main laws in Thorndike's theory are the Law of Exercise, the Law of Effect, and the Law of Readiness.

What is the 'Law of Exercise' in Thorndike's theory?

The 'Law of Exercise' states that the connection between a stimulus and a response becomes stronger with frequent practice (repetition) and weaker if not practiced. This highlights the importance of repetition in learning.

How does the 'Law of Effect' influence learning?

The 'Law of Effect' suggests that actions resulting in satisfaction are likely to be repeated, while actions leading to dissatisfaction are less likely to be repeated. It means that positive outcomes reinforce behavior, while negative outcomes discourage it.

How is the 'Law of Readiness' defined in Thorndike's theory?

The 'Law of Readiness' explains that an individual must be ready or prepared to act. If someone is ready and can act, they will experience satisfaction. If they are not ready but forced to act, it leads to dissatisfaction.

Can you provide an example of the 'Law of Effect' in everyday life?

An example of the 'Law of Effect' is when a student receives a reward for scoring well in mathematics, they feel satisfied and are motivated to study more to achieve similar rewards in the future. Conversely, if they are punished for a poor score, they may avoid the subject.

How can Thorndike's theory be applied to educational practices?

Thorndike's theory can be applied to education through the use of rewards and punishments. For example, giving students praise or rewards for good performance encourages them to repeat the behavior, while appropriate consequences for mistakes can discourage negative behavior.

What is the significance of 'trial and error' in Thorndike's learning theory?

'Trial and error' is significant in Thorndike's theory as it represents the process through which individuals learn by experimenting with different responses until they find the correct one. It emphasizes learning through experience and gradual improvement.