Past simple tense | English grammar rules

Summary

Este vídeo ofrece una lección detallada sobre el tiempo pasado simple en inglés. El presentador, Andrew, explica cómo se forma y se utiliza, incluyendo reglas para verbos regulares y irregulares. También se discuten las formas positivas, negativas y de pregunta, así como las excepciones con el verbo 'ser'. Se proporcionan ejemplos y ejercicios para ayudar a los estudiantes a dominar el uso del pasado simple, con énfasis en la importancia de los tiempos verbales para describir acciones completadas en el pasado.

Takeaways

• 😀 El pasado simple se utiliza para describir acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado.
• 📚 La forma positiva del pasado simple sigue el patrón: sujeto + verbo en pasado simple (ejemplo: He walked).
• 🔤 Para verbos regulares, se añaden 'ed' al verbo base (ejemplo: walk → walked).
• 🔄 Los verbos regulares que terminan en 'e' añaden solo 'd' (ejemplo: die → died).
• 🔄 Los verbos regulares que terminan en consonante + 'y' cambian 'y' a 'i' y añaden 'ed' (ejemplo: carry → carried).
• 🔄 Para verbos que terminan en vocal + consonante + vocal, se doble el consonante final y se añaden 'ed' (ejemplo: stop → stopped).
• 🇬🇧 En inglés británico, los verbos que terminan en 'l' doblen la 'l' y añaden 'ed' (ejemplo: travel → traveled).
• 🇺🇸 En inglés americano, la regla para verbos terminados en 'l' depende de si la sílaba final es acentuada.
• 📝 Los verbos irregulares no siguen reglas fijas y deben aprenderse individualmente.
• ❌ La forma negativa del pasado simple es sujeto + did not + verbo en infinitivo (ejemplo: I did not walk).
• ❓ La forma interrogativa del pasado simple es Did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo? (ejemplo: Did he walk?).

Q & A

¿Cuál es la regla general para usar el pasado simple en inglés?

La regla general es que usamos el pasado simple para describir una acción completada en el pasado.

¿Cómo se forma el pasado simple de verbos regulares?

Para los verbos regulares, simplemente se añade '-ed' al verbo base, como en 'walk' que se convierte en 'walked'.

¿Qué sucede con los verbos regulares que terminan en una 'e' silenciosa?

Para estos verbos, solo se añade una 'd' al final del verbo, como en 'close' que se convierte en 'closed'.

¿Cómo cambian los verbos regulares que terminan en consonante + 'y' en pasado simple?

Se cambia la 'y' por 'i' y se añade '-ed', como en 'carry' que se convierte en 'carried'.

¿Qué se hace con los verbos regulares que tienen una vocal y una consonante al final?

Se dobla la consonante final y se añade '-ed', como en 'stop' que se convierte en 'stopped'.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el uso de 'cancel' en inglés británico y americano?

En inglés británico se dobla la 'l' antes de añadir '-ed' ('cancelled'), mientras que en inglés americano no se dobla la 'l' ('canceled').

¿Cómo se forma el pasado simple de los verbos irregulares?

No hay reglas específicas para los verbos irregulares. Simplemente se debe memorizar la forma en pasado de cada uno, como 'go' que se convierte en 'went'.

¿Cómo se forma la negación en pasado simple?

Se utiliza 'did not' o su forma contraída 'didn't', seguido del verbo en su forma base. Ejemplo: 'I didn't clean'.

¿Cómo se hace una pregunta en pasado simple?

Se comienza con 'Did', seguido del sujeto y el verbo en su forma base. Ejemplo: 'Did you close the door?'

¿Cuándo se usa el pasado simple con expresiones de tiempo como 'last' o 'ago'?

Se usa para describir acciones que comenzaron y terminaron en un tiempo específico del pasado, como en 'I played football three days ago'.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introducción al tiempo pasado simple

Este párrafo presenta la gramática del tiempo pasado simple en inglés. Se explica que se utiliza para describir acciones pasadas específicas, como 'yesterday he walked to the train station'. Se detalla la formación del tiempo pasado simple para verbos regulares, añadiendo 'ed' al verbo base, y se mencionan excepciones para verbos que terminan en 'e', 'y' y verbos con sílabas acústicas y consonantes finales. También se menciona que los verbos irregulares no siguen reglas y deben aprenderse individualmente.

05:02

📘 Formación del tiempo pasado simple para verbos irregulares

En este párrafo, se aborda la formación del tiempo pasado simple de verbos irregulares, que no siguen reglas fijas y deben memorizarse. Se proporciona una lista de verbos irregulares comunes y se enfatiza la importancia de aprender su forma pasada al estudiar un nuevo verbo. Además, se explica la formación negativa del tiempo pasado simple, utilizando 'did not' seguido del verbo en forma infinitiva.

10:05

🗣️ Formación de las formas negativa y pregunta para el tiempo pasado simple

Este segmento se centra en la formación de las formas negativa y pregunta del tiempo pasado simple. Se detalla la importancia de usar el verbo en forma infinitiva en las formas negativas y se proporciona ejemplos de errores comunes. También se explica la forma de hacer preguntas, destacando la palabra 'did' como inicio de la oración, y se menciona la excepción del verbo 'to be', que tiene formas distintas para cada sujeto.

15:10

🕒 Uso del tiempo pasado simple para acciones completadas y series de acciones

Aquí se describe el uso del tiempo pasado simple para hablar de acciones completadas en el pasado y series de acciones. Se mencionan expresiones de tiempo como 'last night', 'ago' y 'yesterday' que son indicativas del tiempo pasado simple. También se explica cómo se utiliza para describir una duración de tiempo, con ejemplos como 'talked for two hours' y 'waited all morning'.

20:12

📝 Ejercicios de práctica con el tiempo pasado simple

Este párrafo presenta ejercicios prácticos para el uso del tiempo pasado simple. Se ofrecen ejemplos de cómo transformar oraciones con verbos en forma infinitiva a oraciones en tiempo pasado simple, tanto en forma afirmativa como negativa y en forma de pregunta. Los ejercicios son una oportunidad para que los estudiantes practiquen y apliquen la gramática que han aprendido.

25:16

👋 Conclusión de la lección

El instructor, Andrew de Crown Academy of English, concluye la lección y anuncia otros videos de ejercicios de escucha y gramática. Agradece a los estudiantes por ver el video y se despide de ellos.

Keywords

💡Past simple tense

El pasado simple es un tiempo verbal utilizado para describir acciones que ocurrieron y finalizaron en el pasado. En el video, se explica cómo este tiempo se forma para verbos regulares e irregulares. Por ejemplo, 'he walked to the train station' es una acción completada en el pasado usando el pasado simple.

💡Regular verbs

Los verbos regulares son aquellos que siguen una regla específica al formar el pasado simple, agregando '-ed' o '-d' al verbo base. Por ejemplo, 'walk' se convierte en 'walked'. El video menciona que verbos como 'clean' siguen esta regla al formar su pasado: 'cleaned'.

💡Irregular verbs

Los verbos irregulares no siguen una regla específica para formar el pasado simple y deben aprenderse individualmente. Ejemplos incluyen 'break' que se convierte en 'broke', o 'go' que se transforma en 'went'. El video destaca que no hay reglas claras para estos verbos, solo deben memorizarse.

💡Negative form

La forma negativa en pasado simple se forma usando 'did not' o 'didn't' seguido del verbo en su forma base (infinitivo). En el video se explica que, por ejemplo, la frase 'I did not clean' es correcta, mientras que 'I did not cleaned' es incorrecta porque 'cleaned' es el pasado simple, pero en negativo debe usarse el infinitivo 'clean'.

💡Question form

La forma interrogativa en el pasado simple se construye usando 'did' seguido del sujeto y el verbo en su forma base. En el video, un ejemplo es la pregunta 'Did you close the door?', donde 'close' es el verbo en infinitivo. Se aclara que, al formular preguntas, no se usa el verbo en pasado.

💡When clause

Una cláusula introducida por 'when' se usa para expresar una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción en el pasado. El video da ejemplos como 'When Mark woke up, he shaved', explicando que el orden de las acciones está determinado por la cláusula con 'when', independientemente del orden de las palabras en la oración.

💡Time expressions

Las expresiones de tiempo como 'last night', 'yesterday' o 'two years ago' indican claramente que una acción ocurrió en el pasado y ayudan a identificar el uso correcto del pasado simple. En el video, se mencionan ejemplos como 'Last night I watched television' para mostrar cómo estas expresiones sitúan la acción en el tiempo.

💡Contracted form

Las formas contraídas, como 'didn't' en lugar de 'did not', se utilizan comúnmente en el habla informal. El video señala que 'didn't clean' y 'did not clean' tienen el mismo significado, pero la forma contraída es más habitual en conversaciones cotidianas.

💡Verb to be

El verbo 'to be' es una excepción en el pasado simple, ya que tiene diferentes formas según el sujeto: 'was' para la primera y tercera persona singular y 'were' para los demás sujetos. En el video se explica que este verbo es único, pues cambia dependiendo del sujeto, como en 'I was' y 'they were'.

💡Spelling rules

Existen reglas de ortografía específicas para la formación del pasado simple de los verbos regulares, como agregar solo '-d' cuando el verbo termina en 'e', o doblar la consonante final en ciertos casos. Por ejemplo, en el video se menciona que 'stop' se convierte en 'stopped' debido a la regla de doblar la consonante final.

Highlights

Introduction to the past simple tense

Form of the past simple tense: subject + past form of the verb

Use of past simple to describe actions in the past

Positive form of the past simple tense for regular verbs

Adding 'ed' to regular verbs to form the past simple

Spelling rules for regular verbs ending in 'e'

Changing 'y' to 'i' and adding 'ed' for regular verbs ending in a consonant and 'y'

Adding 'ed' to regular verbs ending in a vowel and 'y'

Doubling the final consonant for one-syllable regular verbs ending in consonant-vowel-consonant

Doubling the final consonant for regular verbs with more than one syllable under certain conditions

Double 'l' and add 'ed' for verbs ending in 'l' in British English

Irregular verbs have no rules and must be memorized

List of common irregular verbs in the past simple tense

Forming the negative of the past simple tense

Using 'did not' or 'didn't' with the infinitive form for the negative

Question form of the past simple tense using 'did'

Exception with the verb 'to be' in the past simple tense

Using the past simple tense for completed actions in the past

Time expressions used with the past simple tense

Describing a series of completed actions using the past simple tense

Using the past simple tense to describe a duration in the past

Using 'when' clauses with the past simple tense

Exercises to practice forming the past simple tense

End of the lesson and introduction to additional resources

Transcripts

hello everyone this is Andrew at Crown

Academy of English today we are doing a

lesson about the past simple tense so

let's start so yesterday he walked to

the train station so here is the form of

the past simple tense

he walked so he is the subject and this

is the verb and so as a general rule the

general rule is that we use the past

simple to describe an action in the past

so this is the past simple and now let

us look at the form the positive form I

walked you walked he she or it walked we

walked you walked and they walked so if

we look at this in more detail then this

is the form we have the subject and then

the verb in the past simple form all

right now walk this is a regular verb

and the regular verbs we simply add the

letters II D to the base verb alright so

if it is a regular verb we simply add II

D to the verb alright now let us look at

the past simple form for other verbs

because not all verbs are regular

so the spelling rules for the past

simple form well first of all the easy

ones are the IDI sorry the easy ones are

the regular verbs like walk so we simply

add IDI to walk walked clean cleaned

those are just two examples for regular

verbs which end in a silent e then we

just add a letter D okay we do not add

IDI because there is already an e at the

end example died died closed closed and

many others and for regular verbs ending

in a consonant and then the letter Y we

change the Y to I and then add IDI hurry

horrid carry carried so we can see here

we remove the letter Y and we change it

to an AI and then we add II D and for

other regular verbs which end in a vowel

and then the letter Y then we simply add

IDI it is just like a regular verb for

example stay stayed play played

and some more rules for a regular verb

which has one syllable and ends in a

consonant a vowel and then another

consonant we double the consonant and

then we add II D so stop stopped plan

planned so we see here we double the

letter n and then we add II D if it is a

regular verb with more than one syllable

and which ends in a consonant vowel and

consonant then we double the final

consonant only if the final syllable is

stressed and then we add IDI so prefer

becomes preferred and regret becomes

regretted and you can see here we stress

the final syllable when we say prefer we

say prefer so that is why we double the

consonant and we add IDI it's the same

with regret with regret we stress the

last syllable the final syllable that is

why we double a consonant and add IDI

and if the final syllable is not

stressed then we simply add IDI so for

example transfer transfer wish

yes the first syllable so we do not

stress the final syllable and so we just

add ee d we do not double the consonant

verbs ending in a letter L we always

double the L and add IDI

for example canceled canceled travel

traveled now this is a rule only for

British English okay so in British

English we always double the letter L

and add IDI but American English we

follow the rules above so in American

English for a verb that ends in L we

follow this rule here so we look at the

final syllable to see if it is stressed

and if it is we double the final

consonant and then add IDI and if it

isn't we just add IDI so example in

American English cancel is canceled

trouble is traveled without the double

consonant and it is because the first

syllable is stressed okay so those are

the rules

now irregular verbs there are no rules

really for irregular verbs you just have

to learn them I'm afraid there are no

rules you just have to learn irregular

verbs

the form of the past simple so here is a

list of some very common irregular verbs

so very quickly for the pronunciation

break this column is the infinitive and

this is the past simple form so break

broke by bought choose chose come came

do did drink drank eat ate go went have

had make made run run say said see saw

think thought and many more these are

just a few examples so every time you

learn a new verb look it up in the

dictionary and learn the past simple

form okay the negative this morning I

did not clean my teeth I did not clean

my teeth I did not clean you did not

clean he she or it did not clean we did

not clean you did not clean and they did

not clean so in more detail this is the

form of the negative it's the subject

followed by did not and then the verb in

the infinitive form okay this is very

important

this verb this is the infinitive form

the base form okay so this is the

important word did not followed by the

infinitive so here this morning I did

not cleaned my teeth this is wrong

okay this is the past simple form but

that is wrong because in the negative it

must be the infinitive form okay that is

wrong this one is right the infinitive

and we can either say did not we can say

did not or we can say didn't didn't this

is the contracted form of did not so

example we can say I didn't clean you

didn't clean the meaning is the same

and we often used the contracted form in

spoken English when we speak the

question form did you close the door

this is the question form did I close

did you close did he she it close did we

close did you close did they close

so did the subject and again the verb in

the infinitive form so the important

word is did a beginning of the sentence

the subject and the verb in the

infinitive form and again this is wrong

because this is the past simple form and

we see here the question form must take

the infinitive form so that is wrong and

that is right that is correct okay so

this is the question form the verb to be

this is an exception this is very very

important because we use this in lots of

other verbs so the affirmative I was you

were he she it was we were you were and

they were so we can see for the first

time the verb to be is the only verb

where the form is different for each

subject example so we say I was and he

was and all the others we say were okay

so that is very important and the

negative I was not or this is the

contracted form

I wasn't you were not you weren't

he she it was not or wasn't we were not

we weren't you were not you weren't

they were not they weren't and the same

here is what these two take the form was

and the others were the question was I

were you

was he she it were we were you and where

what sorry and were they so again this

is different as well the verb to be in

the question form we do not say did okay

regular verbs

remember we said did but for the verb to

be we simply reverse the order of the

words so I was is was I you were were

you so we changed the order of the words

was and were so very very important you

must learn all of these so when do we

use the past simple well the first use

is for a completed action in the past so

an action that started and finished at a

specific time in the past

last night I watch television

I played football three days ago so in

red this is the past simple the past

simple and in blue these are time

expressions these are time expressions

which represent the past tense so these

are important if you see these words

last and ago then we know it is the past

simple and we can also say last week

last month last year

okay so this is very useful it's a very

common expression last and for a go we

can also say ten minutes ago

four days ago three weeks ago a month

ago two years ago okay it's a very very

useful expression and of course we can

say yesterday that is also a time

expression for the past and we also use

the past simple to describe a series of

completed actions today I went to London

bought a camera and then took some

photographs okay so we can see we have

the subject I and then we have a list of

completed actions all in one sentence

and each verb is in the past simple so

this is the past simple of go this is

past simple of by and this is the past

simple of take so they are irregular

verbs and finally we use past simple to

describe a duration in the past an

action which lasts for a while Sarah and

David talked for two hours

mark waited all morning so again in red

this is the past simple form and here

past simple and again we have some time

expressions these are time expressions

which describe a duration and we can

also say for three minutes for two hours

for five days for a fortnight for

tonight is two weeks okay two weeks for

two months

and all we can say all day all night all

morning all afternoon and all evening so

with the all expression look carefully

you can see that's all of these words

after all they are in the singular so

that is important it must be in the

singular when we talk about adoration in

the past and for it is often in the

plural okay

when clauses so

here is Mark and we are describing what

Mark did this morning so this morning

number one mark woke up and after number

two mark shaved okay and we can write at

this in two different ways we can say

when Mark woke up he shaved that is

correct or mark shaved when he woke up

so these two sentences

the meaning is exactly the same exactly

the same okay so what is important to

notice here is the when Clause this is

the when clause and this is the when

clause

we used the when clause to describe the

action which is first because mark woke

up first so we say when mark woke up he

shaved okay so the meaning we know that

when we see the sentence we know that

mark woke up first before he shaved and

the order of the words is not important

it doesn't matter here again mark shaved

when he woke up this also means that he

woke up first and then he shaved so the

order of the words does not matter but

the when clause this happens always the

so the rule is if we have two clauses in

the past simple the when Clause happens

before the main clause in time and the

order of the clauses when we write them

is not important okay

exercises so I would like you to put the

verbs in brackets in the correct form

using the past simple example this

morning I was late because I to work and

the answer is this morning I was late

because I walked to work walked to work

so question 1 and I'll just give you a

few seconds and the answer is last week

it rained every day question 2 and I

will give you a few seconds there are

two verbs here

and the answer is yesterday my children

were happy because they went to the park

so were and went exercise to put the

verbs in brackets in the correct a

question form using the past simple

example so the answer here would be did

they eat breakfast this morning

so this is the question form question

one

and the answer is was mark angry with me

yesterday question two

and the answer is did I close the front

door and the last exercise put the verbs

in brackets in the correct negative form

using the past simple and I want you to

use the contracted form example she

didn't go to London last year question 1

I didn't read the newspaper this morning

question two

my parents didn't like my new car okay

so that is the negative okay so that is

the end of the lesson I hope you enjoyed

it here is another video this one is a

listening exercise and here is another

grammar lesson okay thanks very much for

watching my name is Andrew at Crown

Academy of English thanks for watching

and I will see you very soon bye bye