A Level Chemistry Revision "Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table"
Summary
TLDRThis video from the 'Three Science' series explores the correlation between an element's electron configuration and its position in the periodic table. It explains how scientists categorize elements into S, P, D, and F blocks based on the subshell of their highest energy electron. Using silicon as an example, the video demonstrates how to verify electron configurations by aligning them with an element's position in the periodic table. Special attention is given to the d-block, where the 4s subshell fills before the 3d, exemplified with nickel's electron configuration.
Takeaways
- 🔬 The periodic table is divided into blocks named after the subshell containing the highest energy electron for elements in that block.
- 📚 There are four blocks: S, P, D, and F, each corresponding to the type of subshell where the highest energy electron is found.
- 🌐 The S block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in an S subshell.
- 🔵 The P block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in a P subshell.
- 🟠 The D block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in a D subshell.
- 🟣 The F block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in an F subshell, but it's not used in this video.
- 🔍 Electron configurations can be verified using the periodic table by checking the position of an element and the subshells filled.
- 💡 Silicon is used as an example with 14 electrons, and its electron configuration is confirmed by its position in the periodic table.
- ⚠️ Caution is advised when using the periodic table for electron configurations due to the complexity introduced by the d-block.
- 🎓 The first row of the d-block represents electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell, with the 4s subshell filling before the 3d subshell.
- 🌰 Nickel is given as an example with 28 electrons, and its electron configuration is explained in relation to its position in the periodic table.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video?
-The video focuses on explaining the link between the electron configuration of an element and its position in the periodic table.
How are the elements in the periodic table divided into blocks?
-The elements in the periodic table are divided into blocks named after the subshell containing the highest energy electron for the elements in that block.
What are the different blocks in the periodic table?
-The blocks in the periodic table include the S block, P block, D block, and F block.
Which block is not used in the video?
-The F block is not used in the video.
How can the blocks in the periodic table help verify an electron configuration?
-The blocks can be used to check if an electron configuration is correct by comparing the subshells filled with electrons to the position of the element in the periodic table.
What is the electron configuration of silicon as discussed in the video?
-The electron configuration of silicon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².
Why is it important to be careful when using the periodic table to check electron configurations?
-It's important to be careful because of the d-block, where the first row represents the electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell, and the 4s subshell fills before the 3d subshell.
What is the electron configuration of nickel as an example in the video?
-The electron configuration of nickel is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s¹.
How does the video demonstrate the electron configuration of nickel using the periodic table?
-The video demonstrates the electron configuration of nickel by showing the subshells filling with electrons and aligning them with the position of nickel in the periodic table.
What is the significance of the 3d subshell in relation to the electron configuration of elements in the d-block?
-The 3d subshell is significant because it is part of the d-block, and the first row of the d-block represents the electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell.
What is the next topic to be covered in the series after this video?
-The next video will cover how to write the shorthand electron configuration of elements.
Outlines
🔬 Electron Configuration and Periodic Table
This paragraph introduces the relationship between an element's electron configuration and its position in the periodic table. Scientists categorize elements into blocks (S, P, D, F) based on the subshell of the highest energy electron. The video script uses silicon as an example to demonstrate how to verify electron configuration by checking its position in the periodic table. Silicon has 14 electrons distributed across various subshells, and its configuration is confirmed as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² by aligning with its position in the periodic table. The paragraph also cautions about the d-block, emphasizing that the 4s subshell fills before the 3d subshell, using nickel as an example with 28 electrons and an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s¹.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Electron Configuration
💡Periodic Table
💡Subshell
💡S Block
💡P Block
💡D Block
💡F Block
💡Highest Energy Electron
💡Shorthand Electron Configuration
💡Nickel
Highlights
Introduction to the relationship between electron configuration and the periodic table.
Explanation of how scientists divide the periodic table into different blocks based on subshells.
Description of the S block and its highest energy electron in the S subshell.
Description of the P block and its highest energy electron in the P subshell.
Description of the D block and its highest energy electron in the D subshell.
Description of the F block and its highest energy electron in the F subshell.
Demonstration of how to check electron configuration using the periodic table for Silicon.
Explanation of electron placement in the 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p subshells for Silicon.
Confirmation of Silicon's electron configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 using the periodic table.
Caution regarding the use of the periodic table, especially concerning the D block.
Explanation of the first row of the D block representing the electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell.
Example of Nickel's electron configuration and how to verify it using the periodic table.
Description of the electron configuration of Nickel as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2.
Explanation of the filling order of subshells in the periodic table for Nickel.
Introduction to the next video's topic: writing shorthand electron configurations.
Transcripts
[Music]
hi and welcome back to three science
lessons over the last couple of videos
we've looked at working out the electron
configuration of elements hopefully
you're getting the idea that it's
relatively straightforward in this video
we're looking at the link between the
electron configuration of an element and
its place in the periodic table
now the first key are you need to
understand is that scientists divide the
periodic table into different blocks
each block is named after the sub shell
containing the highest energy electron
for the elements in that block so first
we've got the S block and in all of
these elements the highest energy
electron is an S sub shell for the
elements in the P block the highest
energy electron is an Appy sub shell in
the D block the highest energy electron
in all of the elements is in a d
subshell and lastly we've got the F
block again for all of the elements in
the F block the highest energy electron
is in an F sub shell now I'm going to
remove the F block because it won't be
using that in this video okay now by
using the blocks in the periodic table
we can easily check that an electron
configuration is correct let's look at
silicon which has got 14 electrons the
first two electrons go into the 1s sub
shell the second to go into the to s sub
shell and the next six go into the 2p
sub-shell the next two electrons go into
the three s sub shell then finally we've
got two electrons in the three P sub
shell now to check that this is correct
all we've got to do is look at the
periodic table I'm gonna remove the
elements to make this easier periods one
two and three represent the first second
and third electron shells so by looking
at the position of silicon we can work
out the electron configuration this
represents the two electrons in the 1s
sub shell and the two electrons in the
2's sub shell and this represents the
electrons in the 2p sub-shell and the 3
s subshell now we can see that silicon
is the second element in the 3p sub
shell and this confirms the electron
configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
okay now you do need to be careful when
you
the periodic table like this and that's
because of the d-block the first row of
the d-block represents the electrons in
the d subshell of the third electron
shell remember that the four s subshell
fills before the 3d subshell so let's
look at an example we're going to look
at nickel which has got 28 electrons the
electron configuration of nickel is 1s2
2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 8 for s 2 looking the
periodic table we can see the sub shells
filling with the electrons these
represent the electrons in the 1s 2s and
2p subshells next we have the electrons
in the 3s and 3p sub shells then we have
the electrons in the 4 s subshell and
lastly we have the electrons in the 3d
subshell okay in the next video we look
at how to write the shorthand electron
configuration of elements
[Music]
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