Keywords to better understand the Philosophies of Education

TOP LET Reviewer
29 Apr 202007:58

Summary

TLDR本视频深入探讨了影响教育行业的六大哲学思想:本质主义、永恒主义、进步主义、存在主义、行为主义和建构主义。本质主义强调基础学科知识的重要性;永恒主义倡导教授永恒思想;进步主义认为教育应基于孩子的经验;存在主义关注个体自由选择;行为主义侧重于环境对行为的塑造;建构主义认为知识是通过经验构建的;重建主义则强调社会改革和民主。这些哲学思想对教育目标、形式、方法和意义有着深远的影响。

Takeaways

  • 📚 **教育哲学**:教育哲学探讨教育的目标、形式、方法和意义,对成为有效教师至关重要。
  • 🧠 **本质主义**:强调传授学术知识的基础,如阅读、写作、算术和正确的行为。
  • 🌿 **永恒主义**:认为学校应该教授永恒的思想,通过经典和伟大书籍来实现。
  • 🌱 **进步主义**:主张教育应来自儿童的经验,发展有洞察力和智能的公民。
  • 🚀 **存在主义**:关注个体自由选择生活目的,强调个体的独特性和自我责任。
  • 🔧 **行为主义**:关注基于环境条件的新行为的获取,通过环境的安排来塑造学生行为。
  • 🏗 **建构主义**:认为人们通过体验和反思构建自己的理解和知识,旨在发展内在动机和独立学习者。
  • 🌐 **重建主义**:强调解决社会问题以创造更好的社会,关注社会改革的课程。
  • 📈 **关键词**:每种教育哲学都有其关键词,如本质主义的“学习基础”,进步主义的“实践学习”。
  • 💬 **互动**:视频鼓励观众对这些哲学提出疑问,通过评论参与讨论。

Q & A

  • 什么是教育哲学?

    -教育哲学是探讨教育的目标、形式、方法和意义的学科。它涉及对教育的深入思考,包括教育的目的、如何进行教育以及教育的意义。

  • 为什么理解教育哲学对教师很重要?

    -理解教育哲学有助于教师明确自己的教学信念,同时理解并尊重他人的教学理念。这有助于教师成为更有效的教育者。

  • 什么是本质主义教育哲学?

    -本质主义强调训练心智,传授学术知识的基础。它倡导回归基础,重视学术内容,如阅读、写作、算术等基本技能。

  • 永恒主义教育哲学的核心是什么?

    -永恒主义认为学校应该教授永恒的思想。它的目标是培养学生理性思考和批判性思维,通常通过经典和伟大的书籍来实现。

  • 进步主义教育哲学的主要观点是什么?

    -进步主义认为教育应来自儿童的经验。它强调发展学习者成为开明和智慧的公民,课程应响应学生的需求,并与他们的个人生活和经验相关。

  • 存在主义教育哲学如何定义个体?

    -存在主义强调个体自由选择自己生活的目的。它关注帮助学生理解并欣赏自己作为独特个体,对自己的思想、情感和行为负完全责任。

  • 行为主义教育哲学如何影响学生的行为?

    -行为主义关注基于环境条件的新行为的获得。它通过提供有利的环境来修改和塑造学生的行为,教师通过强化和惩罚来增强积极反应和消除消极反应。

  • 建构主义教育哲学如何理解知识的构建?

    -建构主义认为人们通过体验事物和反思这些体验来构建自己对世界的理解和知识。它旨在发展内在动机和独立学习者,使他们能够构建知识和赋予意义。

  • 重建主义教育哲学的目标是什么?

    -重建主义是一种批判性理论,强调解决社会问题以创造更好的社会。它关注课程,强调社会改革作为教育的目标,并鼓励学生采取社会行动解决实际问题。

  • 如何通过教育哲学来提高教学效果?

    -通过理解不同的教育哲学,教师可以更深入地了解自己的教学风格和信念,同时能够更好地适应和满足不同学生的需求,从而提高教学效果。

  • 教育哲学中的关键词有哪些?

    -教育哲学中的关键词包括:基础学习(本质主义)、伟大书籍(永恒主义)、实践学习(进步主义)、个体选择(存在主义)、行为修改(行为主义)、构建意义(建构主义)和社会改革(重建主义)。

Outlines

00:00

📚 教育哲学概述

本段落介绍了教育哲学的重要性,教育哲学探讨教育的目标、形式、方法和意义。哲学一词源于希腊语,意为“爱智慧”。要成为一名有效的教师,理解自己的信仰和同情他人至关重要。视频中将探讨影响教育职业的几种知名教育哲学,包括本质主义、永恒主义、进步主义、存在主义、行为主义、建构主义和重建主义。

05:01

📘 教育哲学详解

本段落详细解释了教育哲学的各个流派:本质主义强调传授学术知识的基础;永恒主义认为教育应教授永恒不变的思想;进步主义认为教育应来自儿童的经验,强调实用和体验;存在主义关注个体的自由选择和责任;行为主义侧重于环境条件对行为的影响;建构主义认为人们通过体验和反思构建知识和理解;重建主义强调社会问题的解决和民主教育。每个哲学流派都有其关键词,如本质主义的“学习基础”,永恒主义的“利用伟大书籍”,进步主义的“通过实践学习”,存在主义的“个体选择”,行为主义的“行为修改”,建构主义的“构建意义”,重建主义的“社会改革”。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡哲学

哲学一词源自希腊语,由'philia'(爱)和'sophos'(智慧)组成,字面意思是对智慧的热爱。在视频中,哲学被用来探讨教育的目标、形式、方法和意义,是理解教育和成为有效教师的基础。

💡本质主义

本质主义是一种教育哲学,主张通过学习基础知识来训练学生的思维。它强调学术内容,如阅读、写作、算术等基本技能的学习。视频中提到,本质主义教师期望学生掌握学科知识,并成为学生的智力和道德榜样。

💡永恒主义

永恒主义认为学校应该教授永恒不变的思想。它的目标是培养学生理性思考和批判性思维能力。视频中提到,永恒主义教师使用经典和伟大的书籍作为教学资源,并通过苏格拉底式的对话来发展学生对历史最持久概念的理解。

💡进步主义

进步主义认为教育应该来自儿童的经验。它旨在培养学生成为开明和智慧的公民。视频中提到,进步主义教师使用与学生个人生活和经验相关的课程,并鼓励他们通过实践学习,以应对变化。

💡存在主义

存在主义教育哲学关注个体选择自己生活目的的自由。它帮助学生理解并欣赏自己作为独特个体的身份,并对自己的思想、情感和行为负完全责任。视频中提到,存在主义课程提供多种选择,强调人文学科,并以自我导向和自我节奏的学习方式进行。

💡行为主义

行为主义关注基于环境条件的新行为的获取。它通过提供有利的环境来修改和塑造学生的行为。视频中提到,行为主义教师通过安排环境条件,让学生对刺激做出反应,并使用强化和惩罚来加强积极反应和消除消极反应。

💡建构主义

建构主义认为人们通过体验事物和反思这些体验来构建自己对世界的理解和知识。它旨在发展内在动机和独立学习者,使他们能够构建知识和理解事物。视频中提到,建构主义教师提供数据或经验,让学生进行假设、预测、操作、提问、研究和发明。

💡重建主义

重建主义是一种更批判性的理论,强调解决社会问题以创造更好的社会。它的目标是教育学生采取社会行动,解决现实问题,如环境问题、饥饿、国际恐怖主义、通货膨胀和不平等。视频中提到,重建主义教育者侧重于强调社会改革的课程,并通过探究、对话和多视角来处理社会问题。

💡教育哲学

教育哲学是探讨教育目标、形式、方法和意义的学科。视频中强调,要成为最有效的教师,必须理解自己的信仰,同时对他人表示同情,这需要深入理解教育哲学。

💡教学方法

教学方法是教师用来传授知识和技能的一系列策略和技术。视频中提到了多种教学方法,如本质主义的回归基础方法、永恒主义的苏格拉底式对话、进步主义的体验式学习、存在主义的自我导向学习、行为主义的环境条件安排以及建构主义的探究式学习。

Highlights

教育哲学探讨教育的目标、形式、方法和意义。

教育哲学包括本质主义、永恒主义、进步主义、存在主义、行为主义、建构主义和重建主义。

本质主义强调训练心智,传授学术知识的基础。

永恒主义认为学校应该教授永恒的思想。

进步主义认为教育来自于儿童的经验。

存在主义关注个体自由选择生活目的。

行为主义侧重于基于环境条件的新行为的获取。

建构主义认为人们通过体验和反思构建自己的理解和知识。

重建主义强调解决社会问题,以创造更好的社会。

本质主义倡导回归基础,强调学术内容。

永恒主义教师以经典和伟大的书籍为基础进行教学。

进步主义教师使用体验式方法,鼓励学生通过实践学习。

存在主义课程强调个体选择,人文学科受到重视。

行为主义教师通过环境条件的安排来塑造学生行为。

建构主义教师提供数据或经验,让学生构建知识。

重建主义教育者关注社会改革,鼓励学生采取社会行动。

教育哲学有助于教师理解自己的信仰,同时同情他人。

哲学意味着爱智慧,教育哲学探讨教育的目标、形式、方法和意义。

Transcripts

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as an education student you have been

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acquainted with various philosophies

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essentialism perennialism progressivism

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existentialism behaviorism

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constructivism reconstruction ISM

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but have you fully understand what these

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philosophies mean in this video you will

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know better the known philosophies that

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influence the teaching profession

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what does philosophy means the word

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philosophy comes from two greek words

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filo and sophist filo means love suffice

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means wisdom literally then philosophy

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means love of wisdom the philosophy of

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education examines the goals forms

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methods and meaning of education it is

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important to understand how philosophy

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and education are interrelated in order

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to become the most effective teacher you

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can be

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you must understand your own beliefs

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while at the same time empathizing with

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others

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[Music]

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let's start to learn more about the

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known philosophies of Education

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essentialism perennialism progressivism

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existentialism behaviorism

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constructivism and reconstruction ISM

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[Applause]

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first on the list essentialism

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essentialism advocates training the mind

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with what are essential in this

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philosophical school of thought the aim

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is to instill students with the

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essentials of academic knowledge

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enacting a back-to-basics approach the

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emphasis of education is on academic

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content for students to learn the basic

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skills or the fundamental arts such as

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reading writing arithmetic and right

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conduct essentialist teachers emphasize

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mastery of subject matter they are

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expected to be intellectual and moral

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models of their students they observe

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core requirements and longer academic

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year

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[Applause]

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next philosophy is perennialism

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perennialism in education is the belief

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that schools should teach ideas that are

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everlasting you can remember the word

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perennialism by remembering that

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perennial means lasting for many years

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the goal of a perennial aesthetic ation

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is to teach students to think rationally

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and develop minds that can think

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critically

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[Music]

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the perennial astre rick ulam is a

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universal one what the perennial s

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teachers teach are lifted from classic

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and great books the perennial estas

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rooms are teacher centered students

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engaged in Socratic dialogue or mutual

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inquiry sessions to develop an

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understanding of history's most timeless

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concepts

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next philosophy is progressivism

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progressivism is the idea that education

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comes from the experience of the child

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progressive esteems to develop learners

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into becoming enlightened and

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intelligent citizens progressiva Stew's

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a curriculum that responds to students

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needs and that relates to their personal

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lives and experience teachers teach

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students things that are practical for

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life and encourage them to grow into

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better people they also teach students

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the skills to cope with change

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progressive as teachers employee

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experiential methods they believe that

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one learns by doing another known

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philosophy of education is

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existentialism existentialism in

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education focuses on the individual's

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freedom to choose their own purpose in

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life the main concern of existentialists

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is to help students understand and

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appreciate themselves as unique

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individuals who accept complete

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responsibility for their thoughts

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feelings and actions in existentialist

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curriculum students are given a wide

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variety of options from which to choose

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humanities are given tremendous emphasis

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existentialist methods focus on the

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individual learning is self-paced and

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self-directed

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[Music]

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next is the behaviorism philosophy

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behaviorism focuses on the acquisition

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of new behavior based on environmental

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conditions

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behaviorists are concerned with the

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modification and shaping of students

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behavior by providing for a favorable

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environment since they believe that we

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are product of our environment

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behaviorist teachers teach students to

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respond favorably to various stimuli in

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the environment teachers arrange

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environmental conditions so that

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students can make the responses to

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stimuli they provide reinforcement and

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punishment to reinforce positive

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responses and we can or eliminate

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negative ones

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[Music]

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another known philosophy of education is

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constructivism constructivism says that

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people construct their own understanding

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and knowledge of the world through

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experiencing things and reflecting on

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those experiences constructivist aims to

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develop intrinsically motivated and

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independent learners equipped with

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learning skills for them to be able to

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construct knowledge and make meaning of

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them

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students are taught how to learn they

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are taught learning processes and skills

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the constructivist teacher provides

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students with data or experiences that

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allow them hypothesize predict

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manipulate pose questions

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research and invent the last philosophy

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that we will tackle in this video is

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reconstruction ISM reconstruction is a

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more critical theory is a philosophy

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that emphasizes the addressing of social

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questions in a quest to create a better

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society in worldwide democracy

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reconstructionist educators focus on a

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curriculum that highlights social reform

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as the aim of Education

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for reconstructionists curriculum

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focuses on students taking social action

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in solving real problems such as

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environmental problems hunger

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international terrorism inflation and

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inequality reconstructionists deals with

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social issues through inquiry dialogue

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and multiple perspectives community

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based learning and bringing the world

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into the classroom are also utilized

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[Music]

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here are the known philosophies of

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Education with their keywords

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essentialism learning the essential like

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the 3 R's perennialism utilizing the

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great books progressivism

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learning-by-doing existentialism having

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individual choice behaviorism modifying

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behavior constructivism constructing

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meaning reconstruction ISM having social

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reform do you have questions about these

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philosophies comment them below

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[Music]

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don't forget to subscribe like and hit

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الوسوم ذات الصلة
本质主义永恒主义进步主义存在主义行为主义建构主义重建主义教育哲学教学理念教育改革
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