S-1 PEND EKONOMI_PENGANTAR ILMU PENDIDIKAN Pertemuan ( Aliran aliran Pendidikan )

Summary

This video explores various educational philosophies in Indonesia, highlighting their influence on teaching methods and learning. It covers key movements such as empiricism, naturalism, progressivism, and constructivism, discussing their impact on curriculum design and the development of educational systems. The video also delves into the foundations of Perguruan Tamansiswa, founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara, and Kwitang Nam, created by M. Syafi'i, both of which promote cultural values and practical learning. The emphasis is on fostering critical thinking, practical skills, and a connection to the environment, reflecting modern educational trends in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script introduces various educational philosophies, including empiricism, nativism, naturalism, convergence, progressivism, and constructivism, which influence the approach to teaching and learning.
• 😀 Empiricism emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping knowledge, suggesting that humans are born with a blank slate that is molded by external factors like education and experience.
• 😀 Nativism, in contrast to empiricism, argues that individuals are born with inherent traits, skills, and potential, influenced by genetics and natural predispositions.
• 😀 Naturalism teaches that humans should learn from nature and life experiences, without interference from societal or educational structures.
• 😀 The convergence theory blends aspects of both empiricism (external influences) and nativism (inherent traits), arguing that both factors are equally important in shaping a child's development.
• 😀 Progressivism advocates for dynamic learning, where knowledge and skills are developed through actively solving problems and addressing real-life challenges.
• 😀 Constructivism focuses on the idea that knowledge is constructed through continuous interaction between students and their environment, with past experiences forming the foundation for learning.
• 😀 The Perguruan Tamansiswa, founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara, incorporates Indonesian cultural values and traditions in education, using the 'Among' system that emphasizes leading by example and encouragement.
• 😀 Kwitang Nam, another educational system founded by M. Syafi'i, places importance on active participation and learning by doing, rather than passive observation, to ensure real understanding and skill development.
• 😀 In modern Indonesia, educational movements like Perguruan Tamansiswa and Kwitang Nam have contributed to a focus on culturally relevant and practical learning, alongside integrating theoretical knowledge with hands-on experience.

Q & A

What is the primary educational philosophy behind Perguruan Tamansiswa?

Perguruan Tamansiswa, founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1921, is based on the educational philosophy that rejects colonial influences and promotes local cultural values. Its guiding principles include *Ingarso Sung Tulodo* (leading by example), *In Madyo Mangun Karso* (encouraging action), and *Tut Wuri Handayani* (providing support from behind).

How does Perguruan Tamansiswa differ from other educational systems in Indonesia?

Unlike colonial-era educational systems, Perguruan Tamansiswa emphasizes the development of Indonesian identity and cultural values. It focuses on the holistic development of the individual, combining intellectual, moral, and spiritual growth.

What role does the principle of *Among* play in the Tamansiswa system?

The *Among* system in Perguruan Tamansiswa is centered around guidance. Teachers lead by example, motivate students in the middle of their learning journey, and provide encouragement and support from behind. This approach aims to nurture a balanced, well-rounded individual.

What are the key slogans of the Kwi Tang Nam educational philosophy, and what do they mean?

The three key slogans of the Kwi Tang Nam philosophy are 'Belajar' (Learn), 'Bekerja' (Work), and 'Berbuat' (Act). These emphasize active participation in the learning process: not just observing or listening, but also engaging in meaningful action and personal development.

How does the Kwi Tang Nam approach differ from traditional education methods?

Kwi Tang Nam moves beyond passive learning methods. It encourages students to actively engage in tasks and take responsibility for their learning through direct action, rather than simply memorizing or imitating what they hear or see.

What is the connection between the educational philosophies discussed in the script and the socio-political context of Indonesia?

The educational philosophies discussed, such as those from Perguruan Tamansiswa, emerged as a response to the colonial education system that sought to control and subjugate the Indonesian people. These systems emphasize national pride, cultural values, and self-determination.

How do the educational philosophies reflect Indonesia's cultural and historical identity?

The educational philosophies like those of Tamansiswa emphasize local culture, traditions, and national identity. These approaches contrast with Western, colonial models and focus on nurturing a sense of independence, dignity, and cultural pride among Indonesian students.

What is the role of hands-on learning in the educational systems discussed in the script?

Hands-on learning plays a critical role in both the Tamansiswa and Kwi Tang Nam systems. These approaches prioritize experiential learning, encouraging students to actively participate in real-world tasks and apply knowledge practically, rather than passively receiving information.

What is the significance of the 'Sekolah Alam' or 'Nature Schools' mentioned in the script?

'Sekolah Alam' reflects the naturalist philosophy of education, where learning takes place in an environment that allows children to engage directly with nature. This approach emphasizes experiential learning and personal growth in natural settings.

How do Indonesian educational movements like *Sekolah Alam* integrate progressive learning methods?

'Sekolah Alam' integrates progressive learning methods by providing a dynamic, student-centered approach. It focuses on critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative activities that encourage active participation from students in a natural environment, embodying progressive ideals.