The Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny (US History EOC Review - USHC 2.2)
Summary
TLDRThe video covers two key aspects of U.S. history: the Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny. It explains the Monroe Doctrine’s declaration against European colonization in the Americas and its later impact on U.S. foreign policy. The video also discusses Manifest Destiny, the belief that American expansion from coast to coast was divinely ordained, and how it influenced westward expansion, Texas annexation, and the Mexican-American War. The presenter uses historical context and analogies to make the concepts relatable, touching on themes of progress, power, and territorial growth.
Takeaways
- 📜 The Monroe Doctrine stated that the American continents were not open to future European colonization.
- 🇺🇸 The Monroe Doctrine was a policy statement with limited immediate impact but became significant in later U.S. foreign policy, especially under President Teddy Roosevelt.
- 🌎 Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was the obvious, divine right of Americans to expand westward across the continent.
- 🗽 The painting 'American Progress' symbolized the idea that westward expansion was bringing light and civilization, while the Native Americans and wilderness had to be displaced.
- 🇨🇱 Texas fought a war for independence from Mexico in the 1830s, leading to the creation of the Lone Star Republic.
- 🇲🇽 The annexation of Texas in 1845 led to a border dispute with Mexico, which resulted in the Mexican-American War.
- ⚔️ The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was part of Manifest Destiny and ended with the U.S. acquiring a large portion of Mexican territory, known as the Mexican Cession.
- 📜 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, ended the Mexican-American War and formalized the cession of Mexican lands to the U.S.
- 🗳️ In the 1844 presidential election, James K. Polk supported Manifest Destiny and won against the anti-expansionist Whig Party led by Henry Clay.
- 🇬🇧 The Oregon Treaty of 1846 settled the boundary between the U.S. and Britain in the Oregon Territory, helping complete the vision of Manifest Destiny.
Q & A
What is the Monroe Doctrine, and why was it created?
-The Monroe Doctrine was a policy declared by President James Monroe, stating that the American continents were not open for future colonization by European powers. It was created in response to European nations wanting to reclaim colonies in Latin America and to assert U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere.
What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine in later U.S. foreign policy?
-While the Monroe Doctrine had limited immediate impact, its significance grew over time. It later justified U.S. interventions in Latin America, especially under President Theodore Roosevelt, and during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism in the region.
How does the speaker compare James Monroe to George H.W. Bush?
-The speaker compares James Monroe to George H.W. Bush by referencing Bush's famous 'Read my lips, no new taxes' pledge. Unlike Bush, Monroe is portrayed as someone who truly meant and upheld his statement about European colonization, emphasizing the Monroe Doctrine's seriousness.
What is Manifest Destiny, and what did it represent?
-Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was America's God-given right to expand westward across the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It represented the idea that American progress and civilization should spread, displacing anything, including Native Americans and wildlife, that stood in its way.
What symbolism is present in the 'American Progress' painting, and what does it convey?
-In the 'American Progress' painting, Lady Liberty symbolizes progress as she moves westward, holding a book (possibly the Bible) and telegraph wires. Behind her, the land is illuminated with civilization (farms, ships, trains), while ahead, it's dark with Native Americans and wildlife, symbolizing the 'uncivilized' land that must be overtaken.
Why was Texas initially denied annexation by the United States in 1837?
-Texas was initially denied annexation due to two main reasons: the U.S. didn't want to provoke a border dispute with Mexico, and there were concerns about upsetting the balance of power between slave and free states, as Texas was a large slave state.
What role did the Mexican-American War play in Manifest Destiny?
-The Mexican-American War played a critical role in Manifest Destiny by allowing the United States to acquire vast amounts of land, including present-day California, Arizona, and New Mexico. This expansion was seen as fulfilling America's destiny to span from coast to coast.
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and what did it accomplish?
-The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, ended the Mexican-American War. Under the treaty, Mexico ceded a large portion of its territory (the Mexican Cession) to the United States, including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, and other western states.
What was the '54-40 or Fight' campaign slogan about, and how did it resolve?
-'54-40 or Fight' was a campaign slogan used by James K. Polk, referring to the northern boundary of the Oregon Territory. It implied a willingness to fight Britain for control of the territory, but the U.S. ultimately compromised, setting the border at the 49th parallel.
Why was there controversy over the annexation of Texas and the Mexican Cession?
-There was controversy over the annexation of Texas and the Mexican Cession because it intensified the debate over the expansion of slavery. Texas was a slave state, and the newly acquired land raised questions about whether it would allow slavery, fueling sectional tensions between the North and South.
Outlines
📜 The Monroe Doctrine's Role in US Foreign Policy
The first paragraph introduces the Monroe Doctrine, which emerged during Latin American revolutions as a stance against European colonization. President Monroe declared that the American continents were not open for European colonization, setting a significant precedent for US foreign policy. While the doctrine initially had limited impact, its legacy influenced later interventions, such as Theodore Roosevelt's actions in Latin America and Cold War policies. The comparison to George HW Bush’s 'no new taxes' moment illustrates Monroe's firm stance, distinguishing him as a leader who stood by his word.
🌄 Manifest Destiny and Its Ideological Underpinnings
This paragraph shifts focus to Manifest Destiny, the belief that the US was destined to expand from 'sea to shining sea.' A political cartoon, 'American Progress,' symbolized this belief through the figure of Lady Liberty leading civilization forward while pushing out Native Americans and wildlife. Manifest Destiny was framed as a divine right for Americans to expand westward, seen as a god-given mission. Jefferson’s notion of America as a 'chosen country' exemplifies this ideology, with the expansion being portrayed as both an opportunity and an obligation.
🌟 Texas and the Struggles of Annexation
The third paragraph details Texas' fight for independence from Mexico in the 1830s and the difficulties surrounding its annexation into the United States. Texas, symbolized by the Lone Star, represented independence, and its petition for US annexation in 1837 faced challenges due to concerns over slavery and border disputes with Mexico. The balance of power between slave and free states delayed Texas’ annexation, but eventually, under the banner of Manifest Destiny, Texas was annexed in 1845, which led to war with Mexico.
⚔️ The Mexican-American War and Manifest Destiny's Final Push
In the final paragraph, the narrative continues with the Mexican-American War, driven by the US desire to expand westward and fulfill Manifest Destiny. The US victory resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave the US significant territory. The paragraph also mentions the Oregon Treaty, where the US compromised with Britain on Oregon’s border, marking the completion of Manifest Destiny. Despite campaign promises of '5440 or fight,' a peaceful compromise was reached, and the US’s westward expansion was essentially complete.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Monroe Doctrine
💡Manifest Destiny
💡American Progress
💡Annexation of Texas
💡Mexican-American War
💡Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
💡Oregon Treaty
💡James K. Polk
💡Balance of Slave and Free States
💡Lone Star Republic
Highlights
Introduction of USC 2.2, focusing on the Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny.
Monroe Doctrine established to prevent European powers from recolonizing Latin America.
The U.S. policy of staying out of European alliances was influenced by previous presidents like Washington and Jefferson.
Monroe Doctrine had limited immediate impact but later became foundational to U.S. foreign policy, especially during the Cold War.
Teddy Roosevelt later used the Monroe Doctrine to justify U.S. intervention in Latin America.
Manifest Destiny defined as the belief that the U.S. had a God-given right to expand westward.
The concept of 'American Progress' and its depiction in art, showing civilization spreading west, symbolized by Lady Liberty.
Manifest Destiny encouraged the removal of Native Americans and buffalo to make way for westward expansion.
Jefferson's speeches often alluded to Divine Providence and America's 'chosen people' status.
Texas fought for independence from Mexico in the 1830s, symbolized by the Lone Star.
Texas was initially rejected for U.S. annexation due to border disputes with Mexico and concerns over adding another slave state.
The annexation of Texas in 1845 led to the Mexican-American War.
The 1844 presidential election focused heavily on Manifest Destiny, with James K. Polk supporting expansion.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War, giving the U.S. a large portion of Mexican territory.
The Oregon Treaty with Britain settled the border dispute peacefully, completing the U.S.'s Manifest Destiny expansion.
Transcripts
hey there students and welcome back to
intensive review in this segment we're
going to look at USC 2.2 which focuses
on two things the Monroe Doctrine and
Manifest Destiny so your question about
this indicator could have to do with one
of those things so first of
all all right forgot my clicker all
right first of all the Monroe Doctrine
all right now what was happening is
there are a lot of revolutions going on
in Latin America and how does the United
States weigh in on this because keep in
mind that Washington and Jefferson had
already said we're staying out of Europe
we're not going to make alliances with
Europe we don't want to get involved in
all their stuff or anything like that so
how do we respond to these
revolutions and Europe wants the
colonies back and they're is some
plotting and scheming amongst European
governments we want to go over there and
take them back over so the United States
articulates the Monroe Doctrine where
President Monroe says the American
continents are henceforth not to be
considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers now
what exactly does this say what I think
about is I think about George HW Bush
who in 1988 said re my lips no new taxes
all right now that's what he said he
ended up signing a tax increase all
right but he said no new taxes so when I
think about this I think of James Monroe
as a George HW Bush who actually meant
what he said or something like that so
Europe read our lips no new colonies and
the only thing is that there was really
a limited impact that the Monroe
Doctrine is important really just as an
articulation of American policy more
than it actually accomplishing much of
anything now of course the British kind
of backed us up on it so that was good
but the legacy of the Monroe
Doctrine later on when the United States
actually is a powerful country and we
become the largest industrial power in
the world Teddy Roosevelt is going to
use the Monroe Doctrine as a
justification for very heavy us
intervention in Latin America to keep
Europe an powers from intervening to
collect debts and other things so the
legacy of the Monroe Doctrine is very
important for our foreign policy and
also when you think about the Cold War
and the efforts we made to keep
communism from expanding into Latin
America this is you know really kind of
a definition of our foreign
policy now then we go on to manifest
destiny all right this idea of sea to
shining sea now this cartoon which
hopefully you've seen before is called
American progress now of course this is
American progress as defined in
1872 today if somebody painted this then
they would be seen as very racist and
one-dimensional and that sort of thing
ethnocentric if you will but what you
see here in the middle you see Lady
Liberty who is holding a book which we
can presume to be the Bible and another
hand she's holding Telegraph wires you
see behind her farms and ships and choo
choo trains you see a stage coach Pony
Express guy all of that kind of stuff
civilization that where she's been it is
light where she has yet to be it is dark
and we see where she has yet to be we
see the Buffalo we see the Indians we
see just
darkness that has to go and the
implication here is in order to have
progress the stuff that is inhibiting
progress whether it be Native Americans
whether it be the Buffalo that it's all
got to go and so that's the idea of
manifest destiny now manifest means that
something's evident obvious apparent
plain it's just so obvious that it is
our destiny okay that is something that
is predetermined typically by a higher
power so when you look at Manifest
Destiny it's the idea that God wants us
to expand all the way to the Pacific see
to shine
SE and you can see in Jefferson's
inaugural address where his first
inaugural address he calls this a chosen
country that really that we have been
kindly separated by nature and a wide
ocean from The Exterminating Havoc of
one quarter of the globe from Europe and
we have a chosen country with room
enough for our descendants to the
thousandth and thousandth Generation Now
Jefferson wasn't necessarily a Christian
but he was a believer in Divine
Providence and he said that look in his
second inaugural address he says we need
to commit ourselves to this being in
whose hands We Are Who led our fathers
just like he led Israel of old for
Jefferson the United States keep in mind
those who labor the Earth are the chosen
people of God that Americans are a
chosen people and they are meant to
inherit as much of the Earth as they can
so American progress in order for prog
ress to move forward the stuff in front
has to go so Westward Expansion is a
god-given right really a god-given
ultimatum that is just obvious that God
wants us to go all the
way and part of that going all the way
is to Annex as much land as we can
get and Texas fought a war for
independence in the 1830s I think
there's something coming on the History
Channel pretty soon about that looks
kind of interesting with Bill Paxton so
looking forward to watching that but
you've got the Alamo the Battle of San
jento not likely that you're going to
get a lot of details from this war but
keep in mind that this war was fought
between Texas and Mexico and Texas at
this time was an independent country
keep in mind the Lone Star State when
you've got one star this is showing that
you are independent in Texas they're
still proudly Texan I lived about 20
miles from the Texas border when I was
growing up so not quite a Texan but
Texans are very proud it's hard to get
out of state tuition like the out of the
instate tuition at Texas schools is
awesome the out ofate tuition not so
good I mean Texas is still very very
independent-minded so this Lone Star
Republic which is going to exist for a
little while because the United States
isn't fully committed to manifest
destiny before the 1840s and so in 1837
Texas petitions the US for annexation
and the US no two reasons first of all
we don't want to get in a border dispute
in Mexico second of all this balance of
power power between the slave states and
the free states that there was an effort
here to make sure that neither the slave
states nor the free states were to get
predominance in the union and this
border dispute here so you've got Texas
which Mexico said okay we recognize your
Independence but we recognize your
Independence up to this border and Texas
said no uh the Rio Grand Rio Grande uh
depending on how you pronounce it so
when we Annex Texas with their stated
borders then we enter into a conflict
with Mexico so annexation equals war and
then we look at the balance of slave and
free states in the 1830s there were
actually more slave states by one than
free states so the north wasn't really
crazy about annexing another slave state
that was really big and could
conceivably be split into several slave
states so internal strife which in the
1830s politicians tried to avoid 1850s
will be another story so meanwhile
Manifest Destiny this whole idea in the
1844 presidential election James K pulk
of the Democrats is going against Henry
Clay of the wig party and the wig party
which is has its power had its power
base in the Northeast was against
expansion so this becomes really a one
isue kind of campaign are we going to
have Manifest Destiny or not and what we
see here we see Texas trying to come
into the Union PK's trying to welcome
him home and the wig party's trying to
keep him from coming in with the with
abolitionists who were generally
unpopular in the country as a whole at
that time so pul wins and so does
manifest destiny and so in 1845 by joint
resolution of Congress Texas is
annexed and then the Mexican War which
again Manifest Destiny all right that is
one of the wars of manifest destiny
we're almost there we've got this little
bit here we've got Texas we've got the
Oregon treaty we need to take care of
the rest of it and there's a war all
right right and this war is part partly
because of our desire to move west and
take some of that land and General
Winfield Scott gets to Mexico City we
take the capital we win big and we
occupy Mexico City and we take land all
right the Mexican session which Mexico
gives us almost half their country
really a lot of their you know a lot of
their really good land which there are
some people that said well actually you
know we took the whole thing and we won
and we gave part of it back I'm not sure
if byy that but you know as far as this
it's it's a treaty okay so I mean it's
very controversial still today in Mexico
know how this land was pretty much I
mean when you beat somebody in a war you
don't always take their half their
country but what you really need to know
excuse me is the Mexican session
happened in 1848 and it was a product of
the Treaty of Guadalupe
hialgo and there's a continuing
controversy about it this was an ad that
ran in Mexico that ended up getting
pulled because of controversy in the
unit states where absolute sells a lot
more of their product than in Mexico so
the Oregon treaty while in the campaign
James K pulk said 5440 or fight didn't
keep his campaign promise surprise
surprise politician didn't do that so we
compromise with Britain over the border
of Oregon and that pretty much completes
Manifest Destiny and we will be going on
to talk about annabellum sectionalism in
a moment so hope you'll join us see you
in a
bit
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