Inference VS Prediction (Basic Science Process Skills) | RESEARCH I
Summary
TLDRThis video lesson, led by Teacher Teammate, explores the difference between inference and prediction, two key scientific process skills. It provides definitions and examples of both concepts, illustrating how inference involves drawing conclusions based on observations, while prediction is an educated guess about future events. The lesson also highlights the similarities and differences between observation, inference, and prediction, emphasizing their roles in scientific inquiry. Viewers are encouraged to apply these skills in both scientific experiments and everyday life. The next lesson will cover classification, another important process skill.
Takeaways
- 📚 Inference and prediction are crucial skills in both literacy and scientific methods, forming part of the basic science process skills.
- 🔬 Inference involves using observation, background knowledge, and premises to draw a conclusion that makes sense.
- 🤔 Prediction is making an educated guess based on observations or prior knowledge about a future event.
- 🔍 Observation is the act of monitoring or watching something, while inference is drawing conclusions based on those observations.
- 😊 Example of inference: A child making a disgusted face after trying a fruit shake allows the observer to infer the child didn’t like the taste.
- 😢 Another example: Observing a friend crumple and cry after receiving a test paper leads to the inference that the friend failed the test.
- 💡 Prediction is based on patterns and observations, such as predicting a storm when noticing low pressure near the Philippine area.
- 🦟 Example of prediction: If bitten by a mosquito, one might predict the possibility of getting dengue.
- 📊 Both inference and prediction are based on observation, but neither guarantees certainty—they rely on patterns and educated guesses.
- 🌦️ Weather forecasts are common examples of predictions, where scientific evidence is used to predict future weather, but it’s still not 100% certain.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the lesson in the video?
-The main focus of the lesson is to explain the difference between inference and prediction, which are both important basic science process skills.
How does the video define inference?
-Inference is defined as a process of using observations, background knowledge, and other known premises to derive a conclusion that makes sense.
What is the definition of prediction according to the video?
-Prediction is described as an educated guess based on good observations or prior knowledge about an event or object, often focusing on future outcomes.
What example does the video use to explain inference?
-The video uses the example of a child making a disgusted face after trying a new fruit shake, allowing the mother to infer that the child didn't like the taste.
What example does the video provide to illustrate prediction?
-One example is predicting that a typhoon might occur after observing a low-pressure system forming near the Philippine area of responsibility.
What is the key difference between observation and inference?
-Observation involves directly monitoring or examining something, while inference is the act of drawing conclusions based on observations.
How are inference and prediction similar?
-Both inference and prediction are based on observation and are used to draw conclusions or guesses, though prediction focuses on future outcomes.
What does the video say about the certainty of predictions?
-Predictions are not certain; they are based on observations and patterns but may or may not actually happen, as exemplified by weather forecasts.
What process is suggested for making an inference?
-The process includes asking yourself what you observed, what you already know, how your knowledge explains the observation, and what the observation means.
What science process skill is covered in the next video lesson?
-The next lesson will cover classifying, which is another basic science process skill.
Outlines
🎶 Understanding Inference and Prediction in Science
The first paragraph introduces the concepts of inference and prediction, highlighting their importance in both literacy and science. Teacher Teammate welcomes viewers to the channel, explaining that the lesson focuses on these two basic science process skills. The teacher briefly reviews past lessons on observation and measurement and introduces inference and prediction as the third and fourth skills to be discussed in detail. The teacher emphasizes that these skills are crucial not only for scientific experiments but also for everyday reasoning, setting the stage for an in-depth exploration of their integration.
🔍 Defining Inference in Science
In the second paragraph, inference is defined as the process of using observations, background knowledge, and other premises to reach a logical conclusion. The teacher explains that inference helps scientists and individuals make sense of observations, using examples to clarify the concept. The paragraph uses the scenario of a child making a disgusted face after tasting a fruit shake, where the teacher draws an inference that the child didn’t like the taste. The detailed explanation of how inference works makes it easier for viewers to grasp the concept through real-world examples.
📜 Inference vs. Observation
This paragraph explains the difference between observation and inference. Observation is defined as the act of monitoring or examining events, while inference involves drawing conclusions from these observations. The teacher uses examples like a student crumpling her test paper and crying to distinguish between observation (the act of watching) and inference (the assumption that she failed the test). The paragraph also notes that observation is objective, while inference is subjective, further clarifying how the two processes differ and interrelate in science and daily life.
🌤️ Defining and Using Prediction
In this section, prediction is defined as an educated guess about future events, based on observations or prior knowledge. The teacher explains that predictions are often based on patterns and evidence, though not with certainty. Examples such as predicting a typhoon after observing low pressure in the area and predicting the possibility of contracting dengue after a mosquito bite are used to explain the concept. The teacher also mentions that prediction plays a key role in everyday decision-making, such as weather forecasts, which are based on scientific observation but aren't always certain.
🔗 The Link Between Inference and Prediction
Here, the teacher discusses how inference and prediction are related, emphasizing that both rely on observation. Despite being based on evidence, predictions may not always be accurate, as they are probabilistic rather than definitive. The paragraph explains that while both inference and prediction are essential to scientific processes, they also play a role in everyday activities. An example is given with weather forecasting, which demonstrates how predictions based on scientific data may or may not occur with certainty. The teacher highlights that both skills are interconnected in scientific reasoning.
📊 Conclusion: Observation, Inference, and Prediction Recap
The final paragraph wraps up the lesson, summarizing the definitions of observation, inference, and prediction. The teacher reiterates the key points of the lesson, emphasizing how these three basic science process skills work together to aid in scientific inquiry and everyday reasoning. Viewers are encouraged to stay tuned for the next vlog, where the fifth basic science process skill, classifying, will be covered. The teacher reminds viewers to subscribe and follow the channel for more updates, signing off until the next lesson.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Inference
💡Prediction
💡Observation
💡Basic Science Process Skills
💡Subjective vs. Objective
💡Educated Guess
💡Deriving Conclusions
💡Scientific Method
💡Integration of Skills
💡Background Knowledge
Highlights
Introduction to the difference between inference and prediction in science literacy and teaching.
Explanation of basic science process skills, focusing on inference and prediction.
Inference is the process of using observation and background knowledge to determine a conclusion.
Prediction is defined as an educated guess based on prior knowledge or observation about a future event.
Both inference and prediction are important in everyday life and scientific experiments.
Steps for making an inference include observing, applying prior knowledge, and deriving a conclusion.
Examples of inference in daily life, such as interpreting a child’s disgusted reaction to food.
Explanation of the difference between observation and inference: observation is objective, while inference is subjective.
Observation involves collecting information, while inference involves making a conclusion based on that information.
Prediction involves guessing what might happen in the future based on good observation or prior knowledge.
Example of prediction: forecasting weather based on observed low pressure.
Prediction is not a certainty but a probability based on available data and past observations.
Similarity between inference and prediction: both rely on observation and background knowledge.
Prediction and inference are both used in scientific methods but are not guarantees of what will happen.
Closing note with a preview of the next lesson about classifying, another basic science process skill.
Transcripts
[Music]
influence
and prediction what is the difference
between the two
one of the classic challenges of
literacy teaching
is to grasp the difference between
inference
and prediction and we know that
prediction and influence
is also one of the basic science market
skills
that we are going to study in this
lesson
good day future researchers welcome back
to our youtube channel this is me again
teacher teammate your research buddy in
this journey
[Music]
if you are new to my channel don't
forget to subscribe like and hit the
notification bell
for more updates in research
basic science process skills form the
foundation of scientific method
and we know that there are six basic
science process skills and
in our previous lesson blog pinagara
natin ampaka haiba
observation and measurement for today's
lesson vlog we will discuss about the
third
and the fourth uh basic science process
skill
which is influence and prediction
we all know that these six basic science
process skills are
integrated together especially when
scientists design
or when they carry out experiments and
even in everyday life
when we are doing a science
investigatory project or when they carry
out a fair test
experiments we all know that these basic
science process skills are
individually important and as well as
when they are
integrated together let's find out how
this basic science process skills are
integrated together
in finance and prediction okay let us
define first inference so what is
inference
inference is a process of using
observation
and background knowledge as well as
other known premises
to determine a conclusion that makes
sense
it is deriving conclusion from
indication
[Music]
of prediction let us define prediction
prediction is an educated guess based on
good observation
about an event or object or it can be a
prior knowledge
that has been observed prediction is
also
thinking of the outcome of the future
event
based on a pattern of proof
definition inference and prediction
para has been engaged
we can say that every basic science
process skill
relates to one another and there is an
integration
of the basic science process skills okay
um
there is a process on how we're going to
make an inference
number one you ask yourself what did i
observe
number two what do i already know
number three how can my knowledge
explain what i
observe and number four what does this
mean
like for example a child tries a new
fruit shake
and make a disgusted face my her mother
can assume
that the child didn't like the taste of
the fruit
okay now let us try to analyze
the sentence okay what did you observe
are you observed
that the child is making a disgusted
face after eating the fruit shake
so what does it mean and you know
nakapak disgusted a face after eating
something
you can conclude that he doesn't like
the taste of the fruit
that is inference based from our example
how did you say that the child
doesn't like the taste of the fruit okay
it is because of what you observe
you observe that after eating the fruit
the child
makes a disgusted face
[Music]
we are making conclusion based on what
we observe alright let's take another
example
your teacher returned your paper after
an examination
and then you noticed that your best
friend trump pulled her paper after
receiving the test paper and then
cried okay she assumed
that her best friend failed okay now
from that example
how can you know uh which statement is
observation
and which statement is inference okay
seeing your best friend crumpled the
paper and cried that is observation
while drawing conclusion that if that
she failed the exam
is inference so what is the difference
between observation
and inference when we say observation
this is the
act of monitoring or
watching or examining a person or an
event
when something is happening inference is
termed as an act of deriving conclusion
based from unknown facts or
circumstances so it is
a drawing conclusion based on what we
observe
remember that observation is what
one perceives well when we say inference
this is the assumption or explanation
of what has been perceived
take note also that observation is
always
objective while inference is subjective
observation involves collection of
information
without questioning respondents while
inference it involves taking decision
about the collected
information what is prediction
when we say prediction it is an educated
guess
based on good observation or event or
it's a prior knowledge
that has been observed take note of the
word
educated guess i guess
what could be the possible thing that
will happen after observing a certain
object or a certain event
it is a guess of what might happen in
the future after making a good
observation
let's say for example a low pressure
form near the philippine area of
responsibility
so what can be your prediction so for
nothing that we can predict that
thai food might occur and based on that
example
and since observed asa that there is a
low pressure
that is forming in the preliminary of
responsibility
so pueden ahma predict nila
baguio another example i was beaten by a
mosquito
what could be your prediction we can
predict that ah
i might get dengue
okay that is pretty short we are
thinking of what might happen
in the future after watching this
event okay another example you are
watching miss universe philippines
so for
she will win the miss universe
philippines okay take note of the world
she
will win say bixby you are predicting
that rabia will win
after hearing the words or after hearing
her answer
take note that when we are doing
prediction okay
we are guessing about the future
future after observing this event now
what is the similarities between
inference and prediction
so we can conclude that prediction in
inference foreign
they are based on observation
and remember that while prediction and
critique are usually based from some
sort of
fact experience observation or
scientific result
this meaning behind these words does not
necessarily mean that
there is a definite certainty of
occurring
something that someone predicts may or
may not actually happen
a good example of everyday prediction is
the weather forecast
what is forecasted and predicted is
based on scientific evidence but it is
not unknown certainty
it is just a probability again to
generalize
let us define again observation
inference and prediction
[Music]
this ends our lesson vlog i hope you
learned something from me
again this is t-shirt in may and stay
tuned on our youtube channel because for
the next lesson vlog we're going to
discuss the fifth basic science process
skill which is
classifying don't forget to subscribe
like and hit the notification bell for
more updates and research
see you in my next vlog bye
[Music]
you
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