Four Abdominal Quadrants and Nine Abdominal Regions - Anatomy and Physiology

Summary

This educational transcript outlines the division of the abdomen into four quadrants and nine regions, crucial for healthcare professionals. It details the anatomical landmarks, such as the navel and midclavicular planes, and the organs located in each quadrant and region, including the liver, stomach, kidneys, and intestines. The script also offers mnemonics to aid in memorization, emphasizing the importance of this knowledge for abdominal assessments and documentation in medical practice.

Takeaways

• 📏 The abdomen can be divided into four quadrants by a transumbilical plane and a median plane.
• 📍 The four quadrants are the left upper, left lower, right upper, and right lower quadrants.
• 🧭 The navel is a key landmark for determining the location of the quadrants as it's where the dividing planes intersect.
• 👁️‍🗨 The terms 'right' and 'left' refer to the anatomical position, not the observer's perspective.
• 📚 Major organs in the right upper quadrant include the liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, and right adrenal gland.
• 📚 The left upper quadrant contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and left adrenal gland.
• 📚 The right lower quadrant has the appendix, reproductive organs, and the right ureter.
• 📚 The left lower quadrant includes the left ureter and reproductive organs.
• 🔍 The abdomen can also be divided into nine regions using additional parasagittal and transverse planes.
• 📖 The nine regions include the epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions in the center, and left and right hypochondriac, lumbar, and iliac regions on the sides.

Q & A

How many quadrants are created by dividing the abdomen?

The abdomen is divided into four quadrants.

What are the two planes that intersect to create the four abdominal quadrants?

The two planes that intersect to create the four abdominal quadrants are the transumbilical plane and the median plane.

What is the significance of the navel in abdominal quadrants?

The navel is a major landmark in determining the location of the four quadrants, as it is the point where the two intersecting planes meet.

What is meant by the 'anatomical position' when referring to the right and left quadrants?

The 'anatomical position' refers to the body standing with the palms facing forward and feet together, which is the perspective from which right and left are determined in the quadrants.

Which organs are located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

In the right upper quadrant, organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, and right adrenal gland are found.

What are the nine regions into which the abdomen can be further divided?

The nine regions are the right and left hypochondriac, right and left lumbar, right and left iliac, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions.

What are the two parasagittal planes used to divide the abdomen into nine regions?

The two parasagittal planes used to divide the abdomen into nine regions are the midclavicular planes.

What are the two horizontal planes used in the division of the abdomen into nine regions?

The two horizontal planes used are the subcostal plane, which is superior, and the intertubercular plane, which is inferior.

What organs are typically found in the left hypochondriac region?

In the left hypochondriac region, organs such as the spleen, large and small intestines, left kidney, pancreas, and tip of the liver are found.

What is a memory trick for remembering the nine abdominal regions?

A memory trick is to remember the sentence 'Hector loves Isabel every unceasing hour I love a good love story' for the regions: Hypochondriac, Lumbar, Iliac, Epigastric, Umbilical, and Hypogastric.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Abdominal Quadrants

This paragraph introduces the concept of dividing the abdomen into four quadrants, which is essential for healthcare professionals like nurses when performing abdominal assessments. The abdomen is divided by a transumbilical plane and a median plane, creating a left upper quadrant (LUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ), right upper quadrant (RUQ), and right lower quadrant (RLQ). The navel is a key landmark as it's where the planes intersect. The perspective for right and left is from the anatomical position, which can appear reversed when viewed from the front. Major organs in each quadrant are also mentioned, such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, kidneys, pancreas, and adrenal glands in the upper quadrants, and reproductive organs, ureters, and intestines in the lower quadrants.

05:01

🔍 Exploring Nine Abdominal Regions

The second paragraph delves into the nine abdominal regions, which are further divisions of the abdomen using parasagittal and transverse planes. These regions include the right and left hypochondriac, lumbar, and iliac regions, each named after their proximity to specific anatomical structures. The central column regions, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric, are named relative to the stomach's position. A memory trick is provided to help remember the order of these regions. The paragraph also briefly mentions the organs found in each region, emphasizing the importance of having a general understanding of organ locations for basic anatomy courses.

Keywords

💡Anatomy

Anatomy is the branch of biology that deals with the structure of organisms and their parts. In the context of the video, anatomy is crucial for understanding how the abdomen is divided into different regions, which is essential knowledge for healthcare professionals. The video script discusses the division of the abdomen into quadrants and regions, highlighting the importance of anatomical knowledge in medical assessments.

💡Physiology

Physiology is the study of the functions and mechanisms which work within a living system. It complements anatomy by focusing on how the body's structures perform. The video mentions physiology in relation to the practical application of anatomical knowledge in healthcare, such as performing and documenting abdominal assessments.

💡Quadrants

In the script, 'quadrants' refer to the division of the abdomen into four sections: left upper, left lower, right upper, and right lower. This division is created by an intersecting horizontal plane (transumbilical plane) and a median plane. Understanding these quadrants is fundamental for healthcare professionals when assessing and documenting abdominal conditions.

💡Transumbilical Plane

The transumbilical plane is a horizontal plane that intersects with the median plane to create the four abdominal quadrants. It is significant as it passes through the navel, serving as a major landmark in abdominal assessments. The video emphasizes the importance of this plane in determining the location of the quadrants.

💡Navel

The navel, or belly button, is highlighted in the video as a key anatomical landmark. It is the point where the transumbilical plane intersects with the median plane, thus helping to define the boundaries of the abdominal quadrants. The navel's position is essential for healthcare professionals to accurately locate and describe abdominal regions.

💡Anatomical Position

Anatomical position is a standard posture used for describing the locations of body parts in anatomy. The video script mentions that the terms 'right' and 'left' when referring to quadrants are from the perspective of the anatomical position. This is important for clarity and consistency in medical communication.

💡Organs

The video provides an overview of the major organs located within each of the abdominal quadrants, such as the liver, stomach, and kidneys. Understanding the organ locations is vital for healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat conditions effectively. The script uses the organ distribution as an example to illustrate the practical application of quadrant knowledge.

💡Non-Abdominal Regions

Non-abdominal regions are smaller sections of the abdomen, further dividing it using parasagittal and transverse planes. The video explains these regions, including hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric, which are essential for detailed anatomical assessments and descriptions in healthcare.

💡Midclavicular Planes

Midclavicular planes, also known as parasagittal planes, are used to divide the abdomen into non-abdominal regions. The video script describes how these planes, along with the subcostal and intertubercular planes, create a more detailed map of the abdominal area, which is crucial for precise anatomical and medical purposes.

💡Memory Tricks

The video script suggests memory tricks to help remember the names and locations of the abdominal regions. For instance, the acronym 'HECTOR' for the side columns (Hypochondriac, Lumbar, Iliac) and the sentence 'Hector loves Isabel every unceasing hour I love' for the center column regions (Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric). These mnemonic devices are practical tools for students to retain complex anatomical information.

Highlights

Anatomy and physiology teach how to divide the abdomen into nine different regions or four quadrants.

The abdomen is divided using a transumbilical plane and a median plane.

The four quadrants are the left upper, right upper, left lower, and right lower quadrant.

The navel is a major landmark in determining the location of the quadrants.

Right and left are determined from the perspective of the anatomical position.

Major organs in the right upper quadrant include the liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, and right adrenal gland.

The left upper quadrant contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and left adrenal gland.

The right lower quadrant includes the appendix, reproductive organs, and right ureter.

The left lower quadrant contains the left ureter, reproductive organs, and parts of the small and large intestines.

Non-abdominal regions are divided using parasagittal and transverse planes.

The subcostal plane and intertubercular plane are used to define non-abdominal regions.

The left and right hypochondriac regions are under the ribs.

The left and right lumbar regions are between the ribs and the pelvis.

The left and right iliac regions are closest to the iliac crest of the hip bone.

The epigastric region is above the stomach, the umbilical region contains the navel, and the hypogastric region is below the stomach.

A memory trick for the regions is 'Hector loves Isabel every unceasing hour I love a good love story'.

The right hypochondriac region contains organs like the liver, gallbladder, and right kidney.

The epigastric region includes portions of the liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, and adrenal glands.

The left hypochondriac region has the spleen, large and small intestines, left kidney, pancreas, and stomach.

The right lumbar region contains parts of the ascending colon, small intestine, and right kidney.

The umbilical region includes the duodenum, small intestine, and transverse colon.

The left lumbar region has parts of the descending colon, small intestine, and left kidney.

The right iliac region contains the appendix, cecum, ascending colon, and small intestine.

The hypogastric region includes the bladder, sigmoid colon, small intestine, and reproductive organs.

The left iliac region has parts of the sigmoid colon, descending colon, and small intestine.

Transcripts

in anatomy and physiology you'll learn

how to divide the abdomen into non

different regions or four different

quadrants if you plan to enter a

healthcare profession such as nursing

this is something you'll use on the job

when performing abdominal assessments

and while documenting first let's take a

look at the four quadrants which are

created by an intersecting horizontal

plane also called the trans umbilical

plane and a median plane the four

quadrants are easy to remember because

they consist of a left upper quadrant

less lower quadrant right upper quadrant

and right lower quadrant now there are

two important things you'll want to

remember when dealing with the four

quadrants the first thing is that the

navel or belly button is the major

landmark in determining where the four

quadrants are located because again this

is the point where those two planes

intersect which create the four

quadrants the second thing you'll want

to remember is that right and left are

from the perspective of the person in

the anatomical position so when you're

looking at it a lot of times it'll look

flip or backwards and that will throw a

lot of people off so always remember

this will be the right upper quadrant

this will be the right lower quadrant

this will be the left upper quadrant and

this will be the left lower quadrant

from the anatomical position now let's

take a look at some of the major organs

in the four quadrants in the right upper

quadrant we see the liver the stomach

the gallbladder the duodenum the right

kidney the pancreas and the right

adrenal gland in the left upper quadrant

we have the liver stomach pancreas left

kidney spleen and the left adrenal gland

the right lower quadrant contains the

appendix reproductive organs and the

right ureter and the left lower quadrant

contains the left ureter reproductive

organs and all four quadrants as you can

see here contain portions of the small

and large intestines now let's talk

about the non abdominal regions and

these regions divide the abdomen into

even smaller sections by using two

parasagittal planes that run down the

middle of the clavicle bone also called

midclavicular planes and two horizontal

or transverse planes the superior

transverse plane is called the sub

costal plane and in this located just

below the ribs the intertubercular plane

is the inferior transverse plane

and it intersects the tubercles of the

pelvis running just inferior to the

navel now it is important for you to

know the names and locations of these

non abdominal regions so here are some

tips for remembering them first let's

cover the right and the left columns

because they have the same exact name

it's just that one will be a left side

and one will be a right side and these

are unique because the regions on the

side are named after the bones that they

are closest to so first let's talk about

the left and right hypochondriac region

the prefix hypo means below or under and

the word Condor react means cartilage

which is referring to the cartilage of

the ribs so when we put the name

together we have the abdominal region

that is under the ribs easy next we have

the left and right lumbar regions and

the word lumbar is referring of course

to the lumbar vertebra and your lower

back kind of between the ribs and the

pelvis and this is going to be nearest

that side portion right there so that's

why they call it the lumbar region next

we have the left and right iliac region

and the top of the hip bone has what's

called the iliac crest and that's what

this region is closest to it's closest

to the hip bone where the iliac crest is

and so they call it the iliac region now

that's pretty simple and that takes care

of the left and right columns but now

let's look at the abdominal regions in

the center column and unlock the regions

on the side these center column regions

are named after their location relative

to the stomach

not the bones so first we have the

epigastric region and the prefix epi

means above or over and gastric means

stomach or belly therefore when you put

the name together this is the region

over and above the belly next we have

the umbilical region and this is really

easy to remember because this contains

your navel which is also called the

umbilicus and again when you think about

the four quadrants the navel is the

point where those two planes intersect

well in the nine abdominal regions the

navel is going to be located within that

center region so that will help you

remember the umbilical region and then

finally we have the hypogastric region

and we've already learned that hypo

means below or under and gastric refers

to the stomach or belly so when we put

the word together we know that the hypo

gastric region is below the belly now if

you need a quick memory trick to keep

these reasons straight in your mind

remember that for either of the side

columns we have hypochondriac then

lumbar then iliac so we have an H and L

and an eye and then in the middle region

we have epigastric umbilical and

hypogastric so we have an e au and an H

and I just remember this sentence Hector

loves Isabel every unceasing hour I love

a good love story now let's take a look

at some of the major organs that you'll

find in each of the nine regions and in

most basic anatomy courses professors

probably don't expect you to memorize a

whole list of organs that you'll find in

each region but you do need to have a

general understanding of where these

major organs are located in the grand

scheme of things so for the right

hypochondriac region you'll find organs

such as the liver gall bladder right

kidney and portions of the small and

large intestine in the epigastric region

you'll find portions of the liver as

well as the stomach pancreas duodenum

spleen and adrenal glands in the left

hypochondriac region you'll find the

spleen the large and small intestines

the left kidney pancreas stomach and tip

of the liver in the right lumbar region

you'll find portions of the ascending

colon small intestine and the right

kidney and the umbilical region you'll

find the duodenum the small intestine as

well as the transverse colon in the left

lumbar region you'll find parts of the

descending colon the small intestine and

the left kidney in the right iliac

region you'll find the appendix the

cecum the ascending colon and the small

intestine in the hypogastric region

you'll find the bladder portions of the

sigmoid colon the small intestine and

reproductive organs and in the left

iliac region you'll find parts of the

sigmoid colon the descending colon and

the small intestine now you can take our

free quiz to test your knowledge over

this subject by clicking the link in the

description below in addition we have a

whole anatomy and physiology playlist

here on youtube so you might want to

check that out for more videos thank you

so much for watching and please

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